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Eric A, Hanushek ; Laura M, Talpey ; Paul E, Peterson ; Eric, Hanushek ; Ludger, Woessmann. (2020) Long-Run Trends in the U.S. SES-Achievement Gap.
In: CESifo Working Paper Series. RePEc:ces:ceswps:_8111.

Full description at Econpapers

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Each image plate contains 4 black-and-white drawings, one of which best represents the meaning of the corresponding stimulus word. … Starting in 1998, the administration of the PPVT-R was largely limited to 4- and 5-year-old children”.44 Reardon makes use of the results of Add Health’s PPVT scores for six of the 17 observations used to estimate the growth in the reading gap for cohorts born between 1974 and 2001. But PPVT asks respondents to point at a picture when told a word. No reading is involved.

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