- A Data A.1 Data Description Religiousness concerns the affiliation to one of the following religious groups in Germany: Protestants, Catholics, other or no affiliation. Data comes from Zensus 2011, it allows the computation of shares (i.e. relative to population) for each German county. Unemployment is represented by the rate of unemployed persons relative to 100 inhabitants of working age. The data is taken from DeStatis. Real GDP per capita is from DeStatis.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. & Robinson, J. (2005), ‘The rise of europe: Atlantic trade, institutional change, and economic growth’, American economic review pp. 546–579.
- Adhikari, B. & Agrawal, A. (2014), ‘Does local religiosity matter for bank risk-taking?’, Available at SSRN 2465052 .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Arruñada, B. (2010), ‘Protestants and catholics: Similar work ethic, different social ethic’, The Economic Journal 120(547), 890–918.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Arruñada, B. et al. (2004), The economic effects of christian moralities, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Baele, L., Farooq, M. & Ongena, S. (2014), ‘Of religion and redemption: Evidence from default on islamic loans’, Journal of Banking & Finance 44, 141–159.
- Bank market power is measured with a Lerner-Index. The index ranges from a high of 1 to a low of 0, with higher numbers implying greater market power. Source is Koetter (2013) Public debt per capita is the sum of tho kinds of debt (per capita): Municipal, i.e. the mean across all municipalities within the county, and of the Bundesland. Source is Statistik über Schulden des Bundes und der Länder and DeStatis. Average age is computed by multiplying the ratio of inhabitants that belong to the available age groups 18-25, 25-30, 30-50, 50-65, older than 65 with the respective mean of these age groups. Source is Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes des Bundes und der Länder. Women ratio is the share of women at the population. Source is DeStatis .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Barro, R. J. (1999), ‘Ramsey meets laibson in the neoclassical growth model’, Quarterly Journal of Economics pp. 1125–1152.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Barsky, R. B., Kimball, M. S., Juster, F. T. & Shapiro, M. D. (1997), ‘Preference parameters and behavioral heterogeneity: an experimental approach in the health and retirement survey’, Quarterly Journal of Economics 112(2), 537–580.
Bauer, T. K., Breidenbach, P. & Schmidt, C. M. (2015), ‘ â€ÂPhantom of the Opera†or â€ÂSex and the Cityâ€Â? Historical Amenities as Sources of Exogenous Variation’, Labour Economics .
Becker, S. O. & Woessmann, L. (2009), ‘Was Weber wrong? A human capital theory of Protestant economic history’, Journal of quarterly economics .
Becker, S. O. & Woessmann, L. (2010), ‘The effect of protestantism on education before the industrialization: Evidence from 1816 prussia’, Economics Letters 107(2), 224–228.
- Benjamin, D. J., Choi, J. J. & Fisher, G. W. (2010), ‘Religious identity and economic behavior’, working paper .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Blum, U. & Dudley, L. (2001), ‘Religion and economic growth: was weber right?’, Journal of Evolutionary Economics 11(2), 207–230.
Boppart, T., Falkinger, J., Grossmann, V., Woitek, U. & Wüthrich, G. (2008), ‘Qualifying religion: the role of plural identities for educational production’.
- Campbell, J. Y. (2006), ‘Household finance’, The Journal of Finance 61(4), 1553–1604.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Cantoni, D. (2014), ‘The economic effects of the Protestant Reformation: Testing the Weber hypothesis in the German Lands’, Journal of the European Economic Association .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Disney, R. & Gathergood, J. (2011), ‘Financial literacy and indebtedness: New evidence for UK Consumers’, The University of Nottingham .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Falck, O., Fritsch, M. & Heblich, S. (2011), ‘The phantom of the opera: Cultural amenities, human capital, and regional economic growth’, Labour Economics 18(6), 755–766.
Gali, J. (1994), ‘Keeping up with the Joneses: Consumption externalities, portfolio choice, and asset prices’, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking pp. 1–8.
Georgarakos, D. & Fürth, S. (2015), ‘Household repayment behavior: The role of social capital and institutional, political, and religious beliefs’, European Journal of Political Economy 37, 249–265.
- Graeber, D. (2011), Debt - The First 5,000 Years, Melville House.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Grier, R. (1997), ‘The effect of religion on economic development: a cross national study of 63 former colonies’, Kyklos 50(1), 47–62.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Grullon, G., Kanatas, G. & Weston, J. (2009), ‘Religion and corporate (mis) behavior’, Available at SSRN 1472118 .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Guiso, L., Sapienza, P. & Zingales, L. (2003), ‘People’s opium? religion and economic attitudes’, Journal of monetary economics 50(1), 225–282.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Guiso, L., Sapienza, P. & Zingales, L. (2013), ‘The determinants of attitudes toward strategic default on mortgages’, The Journal of Finance 68(4), 1473–1515.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- High- qualified workers ratio is defined as Graduates from universities and applied universities per 1000 employees who are subject to mandatory social insurance contribution. The source is Beschäftigtenstatistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Höhener, J. & Schaltegger, C. A. (2012), ‘Religionsökonomie: eine Übersicht’, Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik 13(4), 387–406.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Hoheisel, E. (2015), ‘Die evangelischen Bischofskirchen in Deutschland’, https: //sites.google.com/site/sobottamagdeburg/Home/zusatz-gastbeitraege-vonerwin -hoheisel/evangelische-bischofskirchen-in-deutschland, retrieved in July 2015.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Hull, B. B. (2000), ‘Religion still matters’, The Journal of Economics XXVI(2), 35–48.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Hull, B. B. & Bold, F. (1995), ‘Preaching matters: replication and extension’, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 27(1), 143–149.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Imhof, M. & Kunz, T. (2008), Deutschlands Kathedralen: Geschichte und Baugeschichte der Bischofskirchen vom frühen Christentum bis heute, Imhof.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Ingham, G. (2004), The Nature of Money, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Inklaar, R., Koetter, M. & Noth, F. (2015), ‘Bank market power, factor reallocation, and aggregate growth’, Journal of Financial Stability 19, 31–44. Josephus, F. (75), The Wars of the Jews; or The History of the Destruction of Jerusalem.
Kanniainen, V. & Pääkkönen, J. (2010), ‘Do the catholic and protestant countries differ by their tax morale?’, Empirica 37(3), 271–290.
- Keeley, M. C. (1990), ‘Deposit insurance, risk, and market power in banking’, The American Economic Review pp. 1183–1200.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Köbrich Leon, A. & Pfeifer, C. (2013), ‘Religious activity, risk-taking preferences and financial behaviour: Empirical evidence from german survey data’, University of Lüneburg Working Paper Series in Economics 269.
- Koetter, M. (2013), ‘Market structure and competition in German banking’, German Council of Economic Experts Working Paper 06/2013.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Leon, A. K. & Pfeifer, C. (2013), ‘An empirical note on religiosity and social trust using german survey data’, Economics Bulletin 33(1), 753–763.
- Lipford, J. W. & Tollison, R. D. (2003), ‘Religious participation and income’, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 51(2), 249–260.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Lipford, J., McCormick, R. E. & Tollison, R. D. (1993), ‘Preaching matters’, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 21(3), 235–250.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Lusardi, A. & Tufano, P. (2009), ‘Debt literacy, financial experiences, and overindebtedness ’, working paper .
- McCleary, R. M. & Barro, R. J. (2006), ‘Religion and economy’, The Journal of Economic Perspectives pp. 49–72.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Mian, A. & Sufi, A. (2015), House of Debt: How They (and You) Caused the Great Recession, and How We Can Prevent It from Happening Again, University of Chicago Press.
- Mini-jobbers ratio is defined as persons earning less than 400 Euro per month per 1000 inhabitants of working age. Work that is done while making an apprenticeship is thereby excluded. The source is Beschäftigtenstatistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit. Workers without apprenticeship. This variable is provided as relative to 100 employees who are subject to mandatory social insurance contribution by Beschäftigtenstatistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit. Self-employed is defined as self-employed persons per 100 inhabitants of working age. Source is Arbeitskreis Erwerbstätigenrechnung des Bundes und der Länder, Eurostat Regio Datenbank.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Noland, M. (2005), ‘Religion and economic performance’, World development 33(8), 1215–1232.
Porta, R. L., Lopez-De-Silane, F., Shleifer, A. & Vishny, R. W. (1997), ‘Trust in large organizations’, American Economic Review .
- Renneboog, L. & Spaenjers, C. (2012a), ‘Religion and finance’, Socially Responsible Finance and Investing: Financial Institutions, Corporations, Investors, and Activists pp. 143–160.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Renneboog, L. & Spaenjers, C. (2012b), ‘Religion, economic attitudes, and household finance’, Oxford Economic Papers 64(1), 103–127.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- SCHUFA Holding, A. (2013), SCHUFA Kredit-Kompass 2013: Empirische Untersuchung der privaten Kreditaufnahme in Deutschland Finanzverhalten von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen, FAZ-Institut.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Spenkuch, J. L. (2011), ‘The Protestant Ethic and Work: Micro Evidence from Contemporary Germany’, MPRA Paper 26444.
- Spenkuch, J. L. & Tillmann, P. (2015), ‘Religion, economics, and the electoral success of the nazis’, MPRA Paper 54909.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Statistisches Bundesamt (2015), Zensus 2011: Methoden und Verfahren, Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Traunmüller, R. (2010), ‘Moral communities? Religion as a source of social trust in a multilevel analysis of 97 German regions’, European Sociological Review p. jcq011.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Verband der Vereine Creditreform e.V. (2011), Schuldner-Atlas Deutschland 2011, Verband der Vereine Creditreform e.V. Verband der Vereine Creditreform e.V. (2014), Schuldner-Atlas Deutschland 2014, Verband der Vereine Creditreform e.V. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U. (2001), Türken in Deutschland: Einstellungen zu Staat und Gesellschaft, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Wagner, G. G., Frick, J. R. & Schupp, J. (2007), ‘The german socio-economic panel study (soep)-evolution, scope and enhancements’.
- Wikipedia (2015a), ‘Dome, Münster und Kathedralen in deutschsprachigen Ländern’, https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome,_M%C3%BCnster_und_Kathedralen_in_ deutschsprachigen_L%C3%A4ndern, retrieved in July 2015.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Wikipedia (2015b), ‘Liste der Kathedralen in Deutschland’, https://de.wikipedia.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now