Visual content marketing: Data Visualization Methods: Data Visualization Methods: Transforming Numbers into Marketing Stories

1. The Power of Visuals in Storytelling

Visuals are a potent tool in storytelling, particularly within the realm of content marketing. They have the ability to convey complex data and abstract concepts in a more digestible and engaging manner. The human brain processes images 60,000 times faster than text, which means visual content can make an immediate impact on viewers. This is especially crucial in today's fast-paced digital landscape where attention spans are short, and competition for that attention is fierce. By transforming numbers and data into compelling visual narratives, marketers can tell a story that resonates with their audience on a deeper level, leading to better understanding, retention, and emotional connection.

Here are some in-depth insights into the power of visuals in storytelling:

1. Enhanced Comprehension: Visuals help simplify complex information. For example, a colorful pie chart can instantly communicate the proportions of market share among competitors, which might take paragraphs to explain in text form.

2. Emotional Impact: A well-designed infographic can evoke emotions, such as excitement or concern, which can be pivotal in driving consumer behavior. Consider the impact of a graph showing the dramatic rise in global temperatures over the last century.

3. Memory Retention: People remember 65% of the visual content they see almost three days later, compared to 10% of written content. An iconic example is the 'flatten the curve' graph during the COVID-19 pandemic, which became a symbol of social responsibility.

4. Brand Identity: Consistent use of visuals like logos, color schemes, and typography can strengthen brand recognition. Think of Apple's minimalist design aesthetic, which is instantly recognizable and associated with the brand's identity.

5. Engagement Boost: Content with relevant images gets 94% more views than content without. A case in point is BuzzFeed's use of GIFs and memes that make their articles more shareable and engaging.

6. Storytelling Versatility: Visuals can be adapted to fit various narratives and messages. The 'Dove Real Beauty Sketches' campaign used sketches to tell a powerful story about self-perception and beauty standards.

7. Data Accessibility: Data visualization makes information accessible to a wider audience, including those with disabilities or language barriers. Maps showing election results, for instance, provide an immediate understanding of political landscapes.

8. Viral Potential: Visual content is more likely to be shared, increasing the potential for virality. The rapid spread of the 'Ice Bucket Challenge' videos across social media is a testament to this.

9. cross-Cultural communication: Visuals can transcend language barriers, making them a universal language. The use of emojis in digital communication is a simple yet profound example of this.

10. SEO Benefits: Search engines favor content that provides a good user experience, and visuals are a key part of that. Infographics, for example, can earn backlinks that improve a site's seo.

The integration of visuals into storytelling is not just an aesthetic choice; it's a strategic one. By leveraging the innate power of visuals, marketers can transform dry data into captivating stories that not only inform but also inspire and persuade. The key is to use visuals not as an afterthought but as an integral part of the narrative, ensuring that every chart, graph, or image advances the story in a meaningful way.

The Power of Visuals in Storytelling - Visual content marketing: Data Visualization Methods: Data Visualization Methods: Transforming Numbers into Marketing Stories

The Power of Visuals in Storytelling - Visual content marketing: Data Visualization Methods: Data Visualization Methods: Transforming Numbers into Marketing Stories

2. The First Step to Visualization

Data is the backbone of any insightful story, and understanding it is crucial before attempting to communicate its narrative visually. The process of data visualization is not merely about creating aesthetically pleasing charts and graphs; it's about making complex data more accessible, understandable, and usable. It begins with a thorough comprehension of the data at hand—its source, structure, and the story it's trying to tell. This understanding is pivotal because it influences every subsequent decision in the visualization process, from selecting the right type of chart to determining the level of detail to include.

Insights from Different Perspectives:

1. The Analyst's View: For an analyst, understanding data is synonymous with recognizing patterns, trends, and outliers. They delve into the numbers, seeking correlations and causations that explain behaviors and predict outcomes. For instance, an analyst looking at sales data might use a line chart to highlight the upward trend in sales during the holiday season, thereby providing a clear visual representation of peak periods.

2. The Storyteller's Angle: A storyteller aims to weave a narrative that resonates with the audience. They focus on the human element behind the numbers, crafting a tale that connects on an emotional level. When visualizing data on community health, a storyteller might choose a map overlaid with color-coded regions to depict areas with higher incidences of a particular health issue, thus drawing attention to disparities and invoking a call to action.

3. The Designer's Approach: Designers prioritize the user experience and the visual impact of the data presentation. They play with colors, shapes, and layouts to guide the viewer's eye and ensure that the most critical data stands out. For example, a designer might use a contrasting color for a pie chart segment that represents the largest share of the market, making it immediately noticeable.

4. The Business Perspective: Businesses look at data through the lens of objectives and key performance indicators (KPIs). They need visualizations that can quickly inform decisions and strategies. A dashboard with gauges and progress bars can effectively show real-time performance against targets, like a sales team's progress towards its quarterly goals.

In-Depth Information:

- Data Source and Integrity: Before any visualization, verify the data's accuracy and completeness. Incomplete data can lead to misleading visualizations, such as a bar graph that underrepresents certain categories due to missing entries.

- Data Structure and Format: Understanding whether the data is categorical, numerical, or time-series affects the choice of visualization. A scatter plot, for instance, is ideal for showing the relationship between two numerical variables.

- Contextual Relevance: The context in which the data is presented can alter its interpretation. A line graph showing a steady increase in website traffic is positive, but if the context reveals that the traffic spike was due to a one-time event, the story changes.

Examples to Highlight Ideas:

- Comparing Sales Performance: To compare the performance of different sales teams, a clustered bar chart can show each team's sales by quarter, allowing for easy comparison across teams and time periods.

- visualizing Survey results: When presenting survey results, a stacked bar chart can illustrate how different demographics responded to each question, revealing patterns and preferences across groups.

Understanding your data is the essential first step in the journey of data visualization. It's about asking the right questions, scrutinizing the numbers, and deciding how best to bring the data to life. Only then can you transform those numbers into compelling marketing stories that inform, persuade, and inspire your audience.

The First Step to Visualization - Visual content marketing: Data Visualization Methods: Data Visualization Methods: Transforming Numbers into Marketing Stories

The First Step to Visualization - Visual content marketing: Data Visualization Methods: Data Visualization Methods: Transforming Numbers into Marketing Stories

3. Choosing the Right Chart for Your Data Narrative

In the realm of visual content marketing, the power of a well-crafted chart cannot be overstated. It's not just about presenting data; it's about telling a story that resonates with your audience. The right chart can illuminate trends, highlight relationships, and make complex data digestible. But with an array of chart types at your disposal, the decision of which to use can be daunting. The key is to match your data's narrative with the chart that best conveys its essence. Whether you're aiming to show progress over time, compare quantities, or explore distribution and relationships, the chart you choose will shape how your audience understands the story you're telling.

1. time Series data: When the narrative is about change over time, line charts are your best friend. They show trends and progressions clearly. For instance, a line chart is ideal for displaying the rise and fall of website traffic over several months.

2. Comparisons: Bar charts shine when you need to compare quantities. They make it easy to see who's on top and who's not. Imagine using a bar chart to compare the social media following of different brands in your industry.

3. Part-to-Whole Relationships: Pie charts or donut charts are perfect for showing how individual segments make up a whole. For example, a pie chart could illustrate the market share of different competitors in your field.

4. Distributions: To display how your data is distributed across categories or to show the range within your data, histograms or box plots are effective. A histogram could be used to show the age distribution of your customer base.

5. Correlations and Relationships: scatter plots help in identifying the type of relationship between two variables. For example, a scatter plot could reveal the correlation between advertising spend and sales revenue.

6. hierarchical data: When your data has multiple levels, a treemap provides a space-efficient way to display it. It could be used to show the structure of an organization or the composition of a product.

7. Geographical Data: Maps are not traditionally thought of as charts, but they are invaluable for any data with a geographical component. A heat map could show the concentration of customers in different regions.

8. Flow or Process Data: Flowcharts or Sankey diagrams are excellent for illustrating steps in a process or the flow of resources. They could depict the journey of a customer through a sales funnel.

In choosing the right chart, consider not only the data itself but also the story you want to tell and the action you want to provoke. A well-selected chart can be a powerful tool to drive your narrative home and leave a lasting impression on your audience. Remember, the goal is to make your data not just seen, but understood and remembered.

Choosing the Right Chart for Your Data Narrative - Visual content marketing: Data Visualization Methods: Data Visualization Methods: Transforming Numbers into Marketing Stories

Choosing the Right Chart for Your Data Narrative - Visual content marketing: Data Visualization Methods: Data Visualization Methods: Transforming Numbers into Marketing Stories

4. Color Psychology in Data Visualization

The impact of color on the human psyche is profound, and its application in data visualization is both an art and a science. When we look at a chart or graph, our minds are not just processing the shapes and numbers, but also the colors and their interplay. The right palette can make data come alive, telling a story that numbers alone cannot convey. Conversely, poor color choices can obscure data, mislead the audience, or fail to communicate the intended message.

From a marketing perspective, color psychology is pivotal in data visualization as it directly influences the viewer's emotions and cognitive processes. For instance, warm colors such as red and orange are often associated with excitement and urgency, which can be used to highlight areas of growth or concern in sales data. On the other hand, cool colors like blue and green tend to have a calming effect and might be employed to represent stable or satisfactory metrics.

1. Emotional Response and Brand Perception:

- Red: Often used to indicate danger or urgency, red can draw attention to critical data points such as declining sales.

- Green: Commonly associated with growth and success, green is ideal for showcasing positive trends.

- Blue: Reflecting trust and stability, blue is frequently used in corporate settings to depict reliability.

- Yellow: This color can signify caution, prompting a more detailed examination of the data presented.

2. Cultural Context:

- In some cultures, white is the color of purity and peace, while in others, it represents mourning.

- Purple, a color of royalty in many Western cultures, might not carry the same connotations elsewhere.

3. Accessibility and Inclusivity:

- Consideration for color blindness is crucial; using contrasting colors and patterns ensures that visualizations are comprehensible to a wider audience.

4. Data Type and Context:

- Quantitative data often employs a gradient scale, where darker shades represent higher values.

- Qualitative data might use distinct colors to differentiate categories without implying a hierarchy.

5. Actionable Insights:

- highlighting key data points in bold, contrasting colors can guide the viewer towards the most important information and insights.

For example, a heat map of website traffic might use a gradient from green to red, indicating areas of the site that receive the most and least engagement, respectively. This visual cue quickly communicates where a marketing team should focus their efforts for improvement.

The strategic use of color in data visualization is essential for effective visual content marketing. It not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of the data presented but also plays a critical role in how the information is interpreted and acted upon. By understanding and applying the principles of color psychology, marketers can transform raw numbers into compelling narratives that resonate with their audience.

5. Engaging Your Audience

In the realm of visual content marketing, interactive data visualizations stand out as a powerful tool to captivate and educate your audience. Unlike static charts or graphs, interactive visualizations invite viewers to delve into the data, uncovering layers of information at their own pace and according to their interests. This active participation not only enhances understanding but also increases the retention of information, making your data stories stick with the audience long after their initial engagement. From simple hover effects that reveal more data to complex dashboards that allow users to filter and manipulate the data live, interactive elements transform passive viewers into active participants.

Consider the impact of a well-designed interactive map in a marketing campaign. A static map might show locations of stores, but an interactive map could allow users to find the nearest store, see opening hours, and even view current promotions or stock levels. This level of engagement turns a simple visualization into a useful tool for the audience, providing them with value and increasing their connection to the brand.

Here are some in-depth insights into making the most of interactive data visualizations:

1. User Experience (UX) Design: The success of an interactive visualization largely depends on its usability. Ensure that the interface is intuitive and the interactive elements are easy to find and use. For example, a real estate company could use an interactive map to allow potential buyers to filter properties based on price, size, or other preferences, making the search process much more user-friendly.

2. storytelling with data: Every data point has a story, and interactive visualizations should guide the audience through these narratives. A financial services firm might use an interactive timeline to show the growth of an investment over time, allowing users to click on specific points to learn more about market conditions or significant events that affected the investment's performance.

3. Accessibility: Ensure that your interactive visualizations are accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. This means providing text alternatives for visual information and making sure that interactive elements can be navigated using keyboard controls.

4. Mobile Responsiveness: With the increasing use of mobile devices, it's crucial that interactive visualizations are optimized for smaller screens. A tourism board could create an interactive guide to a city's attractions that is as easy to navigate on a smartphone as it is on a desktop computer.

5. Feedback Loops: Incorporate feedback mechanisms to let users know that their interactions have been registered. For instance, when a user selects a category in an interactive pie chart, a corresponding section could highlight or expand to indicate their selection.

6. real-time data: If applicable, use real-time data to make your visualizations more relevant and timely. A sports analytics site, for example, could use interactive charts to show live stats during a game, enhancing the fan experience.

7. Educational Value: Use interactive elements to educate your audience. A health organization might create an interactive diagram of the human body where users can click on different organs to learn about their functions and related health tips.

By incorporating these elements into your interactive data visualizations, you can ensure that your audience is not only seeing your data but truly engaging with it. This engagement is what transforms numbers into compelling marketing stories that resonate with viewers and leave a lasting impression.

Engaging Your Audience - Visual content marketing: Data Visualization Methods: Data Visualization Methods: Transforming Numbers into Marketing Stories

Engaging Your Audience - Visual content marketing: Data Visualization Methods: Data Visualization Methods: Transforming Numbers into Marketing Stories

6. Successful Data-Driven Marketing Campaigns

In the realm of visual content marketing, the power of data visualization is unmatched in its ability to transform complex data sets into compelling, easily digestible narratives. This is particularly evident in the case studies of successful data-driven marketing campaigns, where brands have leveraged data visualization to not only inform and engage their audience but also to drive tangible business results. These campaigns stand as testament to the innovative use of data to tell a story, resonate with audiences on a deeper level, and ultimately, influence consumer behavior.

From a strategic standpoint, these campaigns often begin with a clear understanding of the target audience's needs and preferences, which are gleaned from data analytics. Marketers then craft narratives around this data, using visual elements such as infographics, charts, and interactive dashboards to bring the data to life. The visualizations serve as a bridge between raw numbers and the audience, making the data relatable and the insights actionable.

1. Netflix's "House of Cards" Campaign:

Netflix's launch of "House of Cards" was a game-changer in the streaming industry, and it was all backed by data. By analyzing viewing patterns, Netflix identified a crossover among fans of Kevin Spacey, director David Fincher, and the British version of "House of Cards." They used this data to create targeted trailers that appealed to different segments of their audience, resulting in a highly successful launch.

2. Spotify's "Wrapped" Feature:

Spotify's "Wrapped" campaign is an annual highlight for many users. It personalizes the user experience by presenting listeners with a summary of their year in music, with insights such as top songs, artists, and genres. This clever use of data not only engages users but also encourages sharing on social media, amplifying the campaign's reach.

3. Airbnb's "Live There" Campaign:

Airbnb's "Live There" campaign used data to shift the narrative from tourism to living like a local. By analyzing travel patterns and user feedback, Airbnb created personalized experiences and recommendations, encouraging travelers to immerse themselves in the local culture. This approach helped differentiate Airbnb in a crowded market and fostered a sense of community among its users.

These examples highlight the importance of a data-driven approach in crafting marketing stories that are not only visually appealing but also deeply resonant with the target audience. By harnessing the power of data visualization, marketers can transform numbers into narratives that drive engagement, loyalty, and ultimately, business success.

7. Incorporating Data Visuals into Your Content Strategy

In the realm of content marketing, the adage "a picture is worth a thousand words" takes on a new dimension with the incorporation of data visuals. The ability to distill complex data into compelling visual narratives is not just an aesthetic choice; it's a strategic one that can significantly enhance the way audiences engage with content. Data visuals serve as a bridge between raw numbers and the stories they tell, transforming statistics into insights that can inform, persuade, and inspire action.

From infographics that outline consumer trends to interactive charts that allow users to explore data layers, the methods of incorporating data visuals are as varied as the narratives they support. Here are some in-depth insights into making data visuals a cornerstone of your content strategy:

1. Understand Your Audience: Before diving into design, it's crucial to know who you're designing for. A B2B audience might appreciate detailed bar graphs showing industry trends, while a B2C audience could engage more with colorful pie charts that break down user demographics.

2. Choose the Right Type of Visual: Match the visual to the message. If you're showing progress over time, a line graph might be your best bet. For comparisons, bar charts can be effective. When illustrating proportions, pie charts or donut charts can be visually striking.

3. Simplicity is Key: Overcomplicated visuals can confuse rather than clarify. Keep designs clean and straightforward, ensuring that the data speaks for itself without overwhelming the viewer.

4. Consistency in Design: Use consistent color schemes, fonts, and styles across all visuals to create a cohesive brand experience. This consistency helps build trust and recognition with your audience.

5. Interactive Elements: Whenever possible, incorporate interactive elements into your data visuals. Allowing users to hover over a graph to see specific data points or to filter data can create a more engaging experience.

6. Narrative Flow: Ensure that each visual tells a part of the story. The flow from one visual to the next should be logical and seamless, guiding the viewer through the narrative you're crafting.

7. Accessibility: Make your visuals accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. Use alt text for images and ensure that color choices are distinguishable for color-blind users.

8. Mobile Optimization: With the increasing use of mobile devices, ensure that your data visuals are responsive and legible on smaller screens.

9. Testing and Feedback: Test your visuals with a segment of your audience to gather feedback. What makes sense to you may not be as clear to others.

10. Storytelling with Data: Remember that data visuals are a storytelling tool. They should have a beginning, middle, and end, leading the viewer to a clear conclusion or call to action.

For example, a health organization might use an infographic to show the impact of a healthy diet on life expectancy. The visual could start with statistics on dietary habits, followed by a graph showing the correlation between diet and health conditions, and conclude with a projection of the potential increase in life expectancy with dietary changes.

Incorporating data visuals into your content strategy is not just about making information more digestible; it's about leveraging the power of visual communication to enhance the impact of your message. By thoughtfully integrating data visuals, you can transform numbers into narratives that resonate with your audience and drive engagement.

Incorporating Data Visuals into Your Content Strategy - Visual content marketing: Data Visualization Methods: Data Visualization Methods: Transforming Numbers into Marketing Stories

Incorporating Data Visuals into Your Content Strategy - Visual content marketing: Data Visualization Methods: Data Visualization Methods: Transforming Numbers into Marketing Stories

8. Tools and Software for Creating Impactful Data Visuals

In the realm of visual content marketing, the ability to transform complex data into compelling visual stories is paramount. The right tools and software can elevate raw numbers into narratives that resonate with audiences, driving engagement and comprehension. From the perspective of a marketer, the goal is to make data relatable and actionable; for a data scientist, it's about accuracy and depth; and for a designer, aesthetics play a crucial role. Balancing these viewpoints requires a suite of tools that cater to different aspects of data visualization.

1. Tableau: A leader in the data visualization field, Tableau excels in transforming large datasets into insightful visuals. Marketers can use its drag-and-drop interface to create interactive dashboards, while data scientists appreciate the robust analytics capabilities. For example, a marketer could use Tableau to track customer engagement metrics over time, presenting the data in an interactive line graph that highlights trends and outliers.

2. Microsoft Power BI: Known for its integration with other Microsoft products, Power BI is a favorite among businesses embedded in the Microsoft ecosystem. It offers real-time dashboard updates, which is crucial for marketers needing up-to-the-minute data. A data analyst might leverage Power BI to correlate sales data with marketing campaigns, using a scatter plot to identify the most effective strategies.

3. Adobe Illustrator: When customization and branding are key, Adobe Illustrator steps in. Designers can craft bespoke data visuals that align with brand guidelines. An example is a custom infographic that a designer creates for a social media campaign, which combines data points with brand-specific graphics and typography.

4. D3.js: For those with coding skills, D3.js offers unparalleled flexibility. This JavaScript library allows the creation of dynamic, interactive data visualizations on the web. A developer might use D3.js to build a custom animated chart that illustrates the growth of social media followers after a viral marketing campaign.

5. Google Charts: This free tool is accessible and integrates well with other Google services. It's particularly useful for collaborative environments where sharing and editing by multiple team members is common. A marketing team might use google Charts to visualize survey results in a pie chart that's easily embeddable in a shared google Slides presentation.

6. Infogram: With a focus on ease of use, Infogram is ideal for marketers who want to quickly turn data into visuals without a steep learning curve. It offers templates and simple tools for creating infographics, reports, and maps. For instance, a marketer could use Infogram to create an interactive map showing the global distribution of their product's user base.

7. R with ggplot2: For data scientists who work with statistical computing, R combined with the ggplot2 package is a powerful duo. It allows for the creation of complex, multi-layered graphics that can reveal deep insights. A data scientist might use this combination to perform a cluster analysis on customer data, visualizing the segments with a color-coded scatter plot.

Each of these tools offers unique strengths that can be harnessed to tell a data-driven story. By choosing the right tool for the task at hand, professionals across various disciplines can create visuals that not only inform but also inspire and persuade. The key is to understand the audience, the data, and the story that needs to be told—and to select the software that best brings that narrative to life.

Tools and Software for Creating Impactful Data Visuals - Visual content marketing: Data Visualization Methods: Data Visualization Methods: Transforming Numbers into Marketing Stories

Tools and Software for Creating Impactful Data Visuals - Visual content marketing: Data Visualization Methods: Data Visualization Methods: Transforming Numbers into Marketing Stories

9. Measuring the Impact of Your Visual Content Marketing

In the realm of visual content marketing, the measurement of impact is not just about tracking views or engagement metrics; it's about understanding how effectively your visual content conveys the intended message and prompts the desired action. It's a nuanced process that involves both quantitative and qualitative analysis, often requiring marketers to delve deep into data to extract meaningful insights. The true measure of success lies in the ability to transform raw numbers into compelling marketing stories that resonate with the audience and align with business objectives.

1. Engagement Metrics: Start by examining the basic engagement metrics such as likes, shares, comments, and views. These provide a surface-level indication of how your content is performing. For example, a high number of shares might suggest that your infographic is striking a chord with your audience.

2. Conversion Rates: Look at how visual content is driving conversions. Are viewers taking the next step in the marketing funnel after interacting with your visuals? A/B testing with and without visual elements can offer insights into their effectiveness.

3. Time Spent on Page: Analyze the average time users spend on pages featuring visual content. Longer durations can imply that the content is engaging and informative, encouraging visitors to linger and explore.

4. social listening: Use social listening tools to gauge public sentiment and the conversations happening around your visual content. This can reveal how your content is perceived beyond just your immediate audience.

5. Heatmaps and User Recordings: Tools like heatmaps and user recordings can show how people interact with your visual content. Are they clicking where you expect? Are certain visuals drawing more attention than others?

6. brand Recall and recognition: Conduct surveys or studies to measure brand recall and recognition after exposure to your visual content. This can be a strong indicator of the lasting impact of your visuals.

7. Return on Investment (ROI): Ultimately, calculate the roi of your visual content by comparing the costs of production and distribution against the revenue generated from the content.

For instance, a company that specializes in data analytics software might use an interactive chart to showcase the capabilities of their product. If the chart leads to a significant increase in demo requests or direct inquiries, it's a clear sign that the visual content is effectively communicating value and driving business results.

By employing a combination of these methods, marketers can paint a comprehensive picture of how their visual content is performing and make informed decisions to optimize their strategies. It's a continuous process of testing, learning, and refining to ensure that the visual stories being told are not only heard but also acted upon. Remember, the goal is not just to capture attention, but to captivate and convert.

Read Other Blogs

Utilizing the Business Model Canvas to Plan Your Minimum Viable Prototype

The Business Model Canvas (BMC) is a strategic management tool that allows companies to develop and...

Earnouts as a Strategic Tool in Startup M A

Earnouts have become an increasingly popular mechanism in mergers and acquisitions (M&A),...

Thought leadership content: Influencer Outreach: Influencer Outreach: Amplifying Your Thought Leadership Impact

In the realm of thought leadership, the influence wielded by key opinion leaders cannot be...

Launching and iterating: Launching with Purpose: Iterating Toward Sustainable Business Models

In the dynamic theatre of business, the act of launching a product is akin to setting sail on...

Healing: Elves as Healers: Ancient Wisdom and Curative Powers

Throughout history, different cultures have held beliefs about the healing powers of elves. In...

TikTok challenges: How to Participate in and Create Your Own TikTok Challenges that Generate Buzz and Engagement

TikTok challenges have become a popular phenomenon on the platform, captivating users with their...

Youth entrepreneurship: From Passion to Profit: Inspiring Stories of Youth Entrepreneurs

In recent years, the entrepreneurial landscape has witnessed a seismic shift, marked by the...

Regulatory Compliance in Startup Mentorship

Navigating the intricate web of regulatory compliance is a formidable challenge for startups. These...

Hash Rate: Hash Rate Hegemony: Can We Outpace 51: Attackers

The concept of hash rate is pivotal in understanding the security mechanisms of blockchain...