Difference between Voltage and Voltage Drop Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025 Comments Improve Suggest changes Like Article Like Report Voltage, referred to as electric potential difference, is the driving force behind the flow of electric charge in a circuit. It is generated by a battery or any voltage source, which converts chemical energy into electrical energy, pushing electrons through the circuit. As current flows through different components, such as resistors, some of the energy is absorbed by these components, resulting in a voltage drop. This drop represents the work done per unit charge as it moves through the component. Here, we will discuss the concepts of voltage and voltage drop, exploring how energy is transferred and consumed in electrical circuits.What is Voltage?The voltage is defined as the difference in potential energy between two locations in a circuit. A voltage or potential difference is the difference in charge between higher and lower potentials. Voltage, or potential difference, forces electrons to move through the circuit. It represents the difference in potential between two points, with one point having a higher potential than the other. Voltage is measured in volts and can be determined using a voltmeter.The higher the voltage, the stronger the force driving electrons through the circuit, resulting in more electrons moving. Without a voltage or potential difference, electrons would move randomly in open space instead of flowing in a directed manner.Current is directly proportional to voltage. Larger electrical appliances require higher voltage and current compared to smaller ones. For example, the voltage can be supplied by sources such as power plants, batteries, and more.Now Look into this DC Circuit,Battery (V) drives current through the bulb, Here, battery (V) is the voltage, the current flow to the bulb to glow and reaches back to the power source.Voltage DropThe difference in potential over any two points is known as voltage drop. Here the voltage source is greater than the voltage drop. We can say that voltage is split across the components (like passive components or others) connected in the loop. This drop might be induced by a resistor, capacitor, or inductor (in AC), or it could be caused by anything else too. The voltage loss is proportional to the resistance, according to the ohm's law.The voltage drop formula is given by the Ohm's law as,V = R × Iwhere,V is the voltage drop (in Volts),R is the resistance (in Ohms), andI is the current (in Amps). Here, in the circuit, the battery (V) is the voltage or power source, V1 is the voltage drop across R1, V2 is the voltage drop across R2 and V3 is the voltage drop across R3.Difference between Voltage and Voltage dropVoltage Voltage DropVoltage is nothing but potential difference.Voltage drop is derivated from voltage.It is nothing but producingvoltage. It is nothing but a loss in voltage.Summing all the voltage drops makes a voltage.Voltage drop is not a total voltage but a part of the voltage.Voltage is a power source, the element isactive (its own voltage).Here voltage drop is some other voltage created by an external source. The elementslike a (passive) resistor, capacitor, etc.This can have a voltage without the flow of current.This cannot have a voltage drop without the flow of current.It is a force that makes electrons move in a circuit.Voltage is generated through current passing in acomponent.The unit for voltage is Volt.The unit for voltage drop is also Volt.Sample QuestionsQuestion 1: If a current of 12 A is flowing through a circuit that has a resistor of 8 ohms, calculate the total voltage.Answer:Given that,Current (I) = 12 A,Resistor (R) = 8 ohms.Now, using the formula,V = I × R= 12 × 8= 96 VQuestion 2: What is the current flowing through the resistor 30 ohms, if the voltage is 60 V and 120 V?Answer:Given that,For case I:V = 60 VR = 30 ohmsTherefore, using the formula:V = I Ror I = V/R= 60/30= 2 ANow, for case II:V = 120 VR = 30 ohms I = V/R= 120/30= 4 AQuestion 3: Calculate the voltage drop V3 across the R3 resistor, If the voltage is 120 volts and R1 is 12 ohms, R2 is 5 ohms, R3 is 8 ohms. Answer:Given that,V = 120 volts R1 =12 ohmsR2 = 5 ohmsR3 = 8 ohmsUsing the formula, lets determine the equivalent resistance:R = R1 + R2 + R3 =12 + 5 + 8= 25 ohmsNow, from the formula, I = V/R= 120/25= 4.8 ASo voltage drop across R3 is,V3 = R3 × I= 8 × 4.8 = 38.4 VQuestion 4: Calculate the total voltage from the given circuit if R1 is 2 ohms, R2 is 4 ohms, R3 is 12 ohms and current I is 34 A. Answer:Given that,R1 = 2 ohmsR2 = 4 ohmsR3 = 12 ohmsI = 34 ATo find R,1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 = 1/2 + 1/ 4 + 1/ 12= 5/6orR = 6/5 R = 1.2 ohms Now to find V,V = I × R= 34 × 1.2= 40.8 VQuestion 5: Calculate the value of the resistance, if the voltage across the circuit is 27 V and the current flowing through it is 3 mA. Answer:Given,Voltage V = 27 VCurrent I = 3 × 10-3 AResistance R = ?from formula , V = I × RR = V/I= 27 / 3 × 10-3 = 9 ×103 ohmsConclusionVoltage is the electrical potential difference between two points, commonly seen as the "pressure" that drives electrons through a circuit. Voltage drop, however, refers to the decrease in voltage as current passes through a component or section of the circuit. This loss of voltage occurs due to the energy consumed by the component, such as a resistor. Comment More infoAdvertise with us L lavakumarmurari Follow Improve Article Tags : Difference Between School Learning Physics Physics-MAQ Physics-Formulas Physics-Difference-Between Physics-Concepts +3 More Similar Reads Physics Tutorial The term "physics" is derived from the Greek word physis (meaning “natureâ€) and physika (meaning “natural thingsâ€). It is the study of matter, energy, and the fundamental forces of nature, seeking to understand the behaviour of the universe from the smallest subatomic particles to the largest galaxi 15+ min read MechanicsRest and MotionRest and motion describe the state of objects in relation to their surroundings. Whether an object is at rest or in motion, these states can be analyzed and understood through the principles of physics. 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Oscillatory motions are said to be harmonic if the displacement of the oscillatory body can be expressed as a function of sine or cosine of an angle depending upon time. In Harmonic Oscillations, the limits of oscillations on eit 10 min read SoundProduction and Propagation of SoundHave you ever wonder how are we able to hear different sounds produced around us. How are these sounds produced? Or how a single instrument can produce a wide variety of sounds? Also, why do astronauts communicate in sign languages in outer space? A sound is a form of energy that helps in hearing to 6 min read What are the Characteristics of Sound Waves?Sound is nothing but the vibrations (a form of energy) that propagates in the form of waves through a certain medium. Different types of medium affect the properties of the wave differently. Does this mean that Sound will not travel if the medium does not exist? Correct. 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A sound wave is a pattern of disturbance caused by energy trav 5 min read How do we hear?Sound is produced from a vibrating object or the organ in the form of vibrations which is called propagation of sound and these vibrations have to be recognized by the brain to interpret the meaning which is possible only in the presence of a multi-functioning organ that is the ear which plays a hug 7 min read Audible and Inaudible SoundsWe hear sound whenever we talk, listen to some music, or play any musical instrument, etc. But did you ever wondered what is that sound and how is it produced? Or why do we hear to our own voice when we shout in a big empty room loudly? What are the ranges of sound that we can hear? In this article, 10 min read Explain the Working and Application of SONARSound energy is the type of energy that allows our ears to sense something. When a body vibrates or moves in a ‘to-and-fro' motion, a sound is made. Sound needs a medium to flow through in order to propagate. This medium could be in the form of a gas, a liquid, or a solid. Sound propagates through a 8 min read Noise PollutionNoise pollution is the pollution caused by sound which results in various problems for Humans. A sound is a form of energy that enables us to hear. We hear the sound from the frequency range of 20 to 20000 Hertz (20kHz). Humans have a fixed range for which comfortably hear a sound if we are exposed 8 min read Doppler Effect - Definition, Formula, ExamplesDoppler Effect is an important phenomenon when it comes to waves. This phenomenon has applications in a lot of fields of science. From nature's physical process to planetary motion, this effect comes into play wherever there are waves and the objects are traveling with respect to the wave. In the re 7 min read Doppler Shift FormulaWhen it comes to sound propagation, the Doppler Shift is the shift in pitch of a source as it travels. The frequency seems to grow as the source approaches the listener and decreases as the origin fades away from the ear. When the source is going toward the listener, its velocity is positive; when i 3 min read ElectrostaticsElectrostaticsElectrostatics is the study of electric charges that are fixed. It includes an study of the forces that exist between charges as defined by Coulomb's Law. The following concepts are involved in electrostatics: Electric charge, electric field, and electrostatic force.Electrostatic forces are non cont 13 min read Electric ChargeElectric Charge is the basic property of a matter that causes the matter to experience a force when placed in a electromagnetic field. It is the amount of electric energy that is used for various purposes. Electric charges are categorized into two types, that are, Positive ChargeNegative ChargePosit 8 min read Coulomb's LawCoulomb’s Law is defined as a mathematical concept that defines the electric force between charged objects. Columb's Law states that the force between any two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of the charge but is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between t 9 min read Electric DipoleAn electric dipole is defined as a pair of equal and opposite electric charges that are separated, by a small distance. An example of an electric dipole includes two atoms separated by small distances. The magnitude of the electric dipole is obtained by taking the product of either of the charge and 11 min read Dipole MomentTwo small charges (equal and opposite in nature) when placed at small distances behave as a system and are called as Electric Dipole. Now, electric dipole movement is defined as the product of either charge with the distance between them. Electric dipole movement is helpful in determining the symmet 6 min read Electrostatic PotentialElectrostatic potential refers to the amount of electrical potential energy present at a specific point in space due to the presence of electric charges. It represents how much work would be done to move a unit of positive charge from infinity to that point without causing any acceleration. The unit 12 min read Electric Potential EnergyElectrical potential energy is the cumulative effect of the position and configuration of a charged object and its neighboring charges. The electric potential energy of a charged object governs its motion in the local electric field.Sometimes electrical potential energy is confused with electric pot 15+ min read Potential due to an Electric DipoleThe potential due to an electric dipole at a point in space is the electric potential energy per unit charge that a test charge would experience at that point due to the dipole. An electric potential is the amount of work needed to move a unit of positive charge from a reference point to a specific 7 min read Equipotential SurfacesWhen an external force acts to do work, moving a body from a point to another against a force like spring force or gravitational force, that work gets collected or stores as the potential energy of the body. When the external force is excluded, the body moves, gaining the kinetic energy and losing a 9 min read Capacitor and CapacitanceCapacitor and Capacitance are related to each other as capacitance is nothing but the ability to store the charge of the capacitor. Capacitors are essential components in electronic circuits that store electrical energy in the form of an electric charge. They are widely used in various applications, 11 min read Like