How the System Main Relay works in Hybrid and EVs

View profile for Ahmed Alshwikh

Automotive Engineer | EV Simulation & ACC Systems | Future Master’s Candidate

Understanding the System Main Relay (SMR) in Hybrid and EVs In hybrid and electric vehicles, safety and energy management are critical. One key component that ensures both is the System Main Relay (SMR). So, what does it actually do? • High Voltage Connection: The SMR acts as a switch between the high-voltage battery pack and the rest of the vehicle’s power electronics (inverter, motor, DC-DC converter). • Controlled Startup: When you press the “power” button, the SMR doesn’t immediately connect the full battery voltage. Instead, it first uses a pre-charge circuit to safely charge the capacitors in the inverter—avoiding sudden inrush currents that could damage components. • Safety Function: In the event of a fault, crash, or emergency shutdown, the SMR disconnects the battery from the system, isolating the high-voltage source and protecting both the vehicle and its occupants. • Multiple Relays for Redundancy: Typically, there are two or three SMRs (positive, negative, and sometimes pre-charge) to ensure reliability and compliance with safety standards like ISO 26262.

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