Amin Razzouki’s Post

💾 𝗦𝘄𝗮𝗽 𝗶𝗻 𝗟𝗶𝗻𝘂𝘅 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗬𝗼𝘂 𝗡𝗲𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄 When your system runs out of RAM, it doesn’t just crash Linux uses 𝘀𝘄𝗮𝗽 𝘀𝗽𝗮𝗰𝗲 as an overflow. There are two main ways to provide it:   • 𝗦𝘄𝗮𝗽 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 -> dedicated space on disk, set up during installation   • 𝗦𝘄𝗮𝗽 𝗳𝗶𝗹𝗲 -> flexible, can be created anytime without repartitioning Here’s how to quickly create a 1GB swap file: 1. Allocate space -> `fallocate -l 1G /swapfile` 2. Secure it ->`chmod 600 /swapfile` 3. Format as swap -> `mkswap /swapfile` 4. Enable it -> `swapon /swapfile` 5. Make it permanent -> add `/swapfile none swap sw 0 0` to `/etc/fstab` 💡 Best practices:   • Keep swap, but don’t rely on it as a RAM replacement   • Monitor usage with `free -h` or `swapon --show`   • On SSDs, be mindful: swap is slower than RAM and adds write cycles #Linux #SysAdmin #DevOps #LFCS #Learning #19

📢 The floppy disk controller code in Linux receives a new improvement in 2025! 💾 Although floppy disks seem like technology from the past, the Linux kernel continues to maintain its support. Recently, kernel developer Jiri Kosina introduced a significant improvement to the floppy driver. 🔧 The update allows the driver to be compiled as a loadable module, rather than having to be integrated directly into the kernel. This optimizes resource usage in systems where this driver is not needed. 🛠️ Despite the hardware being obsolete, this type of maintenance demonstrates the open-source community's commitment to backward compatibility and system efficiency. 💡 The improvement not only benefits legacy environments but also reflects Linux's philosophy of maintaining historical functionalities without sacrificing modern performance. For more information visit: https://enigmasecurity.cl Are you surprised that code for floppy disks is still being maintained in 2025? Share your opinion! #Linux #Kernel #OpenSource #RetroComputing #Development #Technology #FreeSoftware #LegacySystems Let's connect on LinkedIn: https://lnkd.in/ej-vFb7f 📅 Wed, 27 Aug 2025 17:43:11 +0200 🔗Subscribe to the Membership: https://lnkd.in/eh_rNRyt

🐧 LILO vs GRUB — Old School vs Modern Linux Bootloaders Back in the 90s, if you booted Linux, chances are you used LILO (Linux Loader). It was simple: load the kernel into memory and hand over control. But it had some quirks: Every kernel update meant re-running lilo. It didn’t really understand file systems — it just stored the physical disk blocks of the kernel. Limited support for large disks. Enter GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader) — the modern replacement: Dynamic menu for multiple kernels/distros. Can read file systems directly. Much more flexible (modules, scripting, UEFI support). 👉 Think of it like this: LILO = the old flip phone. Reliable, simple, but limited. GRUB = the modern smartphone. Full of features, but a bit more complex. 💡 Question: Do you still remember booting Linux with LILO — or are you team GRUB all the way? 🔖 Hashtags #Linux #DevOps #OpenSource #CloudComputing #CloudNative #Automation #SystemAdministration #InfrastructureAsCode #SRE #ITOperations #GRUB #LILO #TechHistory #Engineering #Innovation #CyberSecurity #Cloud #AI

🚀 New Blog Post Alert! I just published “The Complete Guide to Linux Partitioning Tools: fdisk, parted, gdisk, cfdisk, and sfdisk” 🖥️💾 Disk partitioning is a core skill for every Linux admin and power user. In this comprehensive guide, I break down: 🔹 The differences between MBR & GPT partition tables 🔹 Detailed overviews of fdisk, parted, gdisk, cfdisk, and sfdisk 🔹 Real-world use cases and example commands 🔹 A comparative feature matrix 📊 🔹 Best practices & safety tips to avoid data loss Whether you’re just starting with Linux 🐧 or managing enterprise systems 🏢, this guide helps you choose the right tool for the job. 👉 Read the full guide and master Linux partitioning! https://lnkd.in/gf995jpP #Linux #DevOps #SysAdmin #OpenSource #LinuxTips #CloudComputing #fdisk #parted #gdisk #cfdisk #sfdisk #LinuxAdministration #DataManagement

🚀 Linux Quick Guide in 1 Day – Master the Basics! 🐧 Want to get started with Linux but short on time? Here’s a 1-day crash course to build strong fundamentals 👇 🔹 Morning (3–4 Hours) – Basics & Navigation Understand Linux distributions (Ubuntu, CentOS, RHEL, Fedora). Learn the file system hierarchy. Master navigation commands: ls, cd, pwd, tree. File operations: cat, less, touch, cp, mv, rm. 🔹 Afternoon (3–4 Hours) – User & System Management File permissions: chmod, chown, umask. Users & groups: useradd, usermod, passwd, groups. Process management: ps, top, kill, jobs, bg, fg. Package management → apt (Debian/Ubuntu), dnf (RHEL/Fedora). 🔹 Evening (2–3 Hours) – Practical Power Skills Search & filters: grep, find, locate. Archiving & compression: tar, gzip, zip. Networking basics: ping, ip a, ss, curl, scp. Shell scripting basics: loops, variables, conditionals. ✅ By the end of the day, you’ll: Feel comfortable navigating Linux. Manage files, processes, and users. Run basic scripts and networking commands. 💡 Pro Tip: Practice in a virtual machine or WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) for hands-on experience. #Linux #SysAdmin #DevOps #LinuxForBeginners #OpenSource #LinuxCommands #CloudComputing #ITInfrastructure #ShellScripting #TechTips

🐧 **Just published: The Complete Guide to Compiling Your Own Linux Kernel** Ever wondered what's running at the heart of your Linux system? I've created a comprehensive guide that takes you from kernel source code to a fully customized, optimized kernel running on your machine. **🚀 What you'll learn:** ✅ Download and configure kernel source   ✅ Use menuconfig to customize features   ✅ Optimize for your specific hardware   ✅ Add custom patches and modifications   ✅ Compile, install, and test safely   ✅ Troubleshoot common issues  **💡 Why compile your own kernel?** • Remove bloat and boost performance • Add cutting-edge features before they hit distributions   • Learn how Linux really works under the hood • Support specialized hardware • Apply custom security patches The guide includes practical examples, automation scripts, and safety measures to ensure you always have a working system to fall back on. Whether you're a sysadmin optimizing servers, a developer working on embedded systems, or just curious about how Linux ticks, this guide has something for you. **Link to full article:** https://lnkd.in/dGzpaDHR #Linux #KernelDevelopment #SystemAdministration #OpenSource #DevOps #TechTutorial #Programming --- *What's your experience with custom kernel compilation? Share your tips in the comments! 👇*

I've just published a deep dive into the Linux boot process, breaking down the crucial journey from BIOS/UEFI firmware to the final handoff to the kernel and systemd. In this guide, you'll learn: • The key differences between BIOS (with MBR) and modern UEFI (with GPT/ESP) boot. • The precise role of the GRUB2 bootloader and how to configure it. • How the kernel initializes hardware and starts the first userspace process. Understanding this process is fundamental for troubleshooting boot failures, optimizing startup, and deepening your sysadmin & DevOps skills. Check out the full article here: https://lnkd.in/gERH2tWA Linux Professional Institute (LPI) Linux The Linux Foundation Linux Magazine Linux Cheap Linux Hosting #Linux #DevOps #SysAdmin #Linux #DevOps #SysAdmin #BootProcess #Kernel #TechExplained

🐧 Linux Boot Process Simplified Ever wondered what happens when you press the power button on your Linux machine? Here’s the journey your system takes step by step: BIOS/UEFI → MBR/GPT → GRUB → Kernel → Initramfs → systemd → Runlevels/Targets → User Login 🔹 BIOS/UEFI → POST + finds boot device 🔹 GRUB → Loads the kernel + shows boot menu 🔹 Kernel → Initializes hardware & mounts root filesystem 🔹 systemd → Starts services & brings system to a usable state 🔹 Finally → Login screen, ready for the user! 💡 Why this matters? Understanding the boot process helps in troubleshooting, system optimization, and building strong Linux/DevOps fundamentals. 🔎 One thing I believe in: learning becomes stronger when you document and share it. I’ve started a small knowledge hub to capture system-level concepts in a structured way. 📌 First concept: Linux Boot Process Notes available here: https://lnkd.in/eQinAEtt 📌 I created a simple visual to make this easier to remember 👇 The idea is to learn, document, and share so that others can benefit too. Would love your feedback and suggestions! 🙌 #Linux #OperatingSystem #BootProcess #Learning #Tech

𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗯𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗰𝗸 𝗶𝗻 𝗟𝗶𝗻𝘂𝘅 𝗯𝗲𝗰𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗱𝗶𝗱𝗻'𝘁 𝗸𝗻𝗼𝘄 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝘄𝗲𝗿𝗲? I was recently working on something and hit a wall, turns out, I had to go back to Linux fundamentals. Just the basics. They may seem small, but believe me, they make a big difference. Here are some fundamentals that saved me time: 𝗽𝘄𝗱, 𝗹𝘀, 𝗰𝗱 (to know where I am, to know what's inside the folder and to navigate) 𝐦𝐤𝐝𝐢𝐫, 𝐜𝐩, 𝐦𝐯, 𝐫𝐦 (to make directory, to copy, move and delete) 𝗰𝗮𝘁, 𝗰𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿, 𝘄𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗵 (to see file contents, to clear terminal, to find where command lives) They’re simple, but sometimes not top of mind when we need them most. #Linux #OpenSource #LearningJourney #TechBasics #DevOps #CommandLine #SRE

Dear connections, For day 29 of #todayilearned, I went back to the basics. Today was all about Linux, the system that quietly powers pretty much everything we touch in tech. Here’s what I covered: Basics – Users, processes, and file permissions. The classic trio that decides who can do what to which file. Think of it as bouncers at a club, checking if you’re on the list before letting you in. Kernel – The brain and nervous system of Linux. It talks directly to the hardware and makes sure everything from memory to CPU is shared properly. You don’t see it, but nothing works without it. Shell – The interpreter. I type human(ish) commands, it translates them into something the kernel actually understands. Basically, a translator standing between me and the genius kernel. Terminal – The actual place where I scream commands into the void. It’s the interface where I interact with the shell. In a way, the stage where the performance happens. FHS (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard) – The Linux filing cabinet. /etc is where the configs live, /bin is where the tools are, /home is everyone’s personal drawer, and /var/log is where the gossip (logs) gets written down. Sometimes you have to circle back to the fundamentals, they make the advanced stuff less scary and way more intuitive. See you tomorrow 🦌 #Linux #DevOps #OpenSource #CloudComputing #SysAdmin #todayilearned #LearningJourney #TechBasics