How to Calculate Electrical Power (kW) of a Load

🔌 How to Calculate Electrical Power (kW) of a Load? Many times we need to calculate the actual power consumption of a machine or equipment. Here’s the simple way: 👉 Formula: P (kW) = (√3 × V × I × PF) ÷ 1000 (for 3-phase load) P (kW) = (V × I × PF) ÷ 1000 (for 1-phase load) Where: V = Voltage (Volts) I = Current (Amps) PF = Power Factor (0–1, depends on load nature) √3 = 1.732 (used in 3-phase systems) ⚡ Example (3-phase load): If a motor runs at 415 V, draws 10 A, and PF = 0.85 P = (1.732 × 415 × 10 × 0.85) / 1000 P ≈ 6.1 kW ✅ This helps in: ◆Correct load sizing ◆Energy monitoring ◆Selecting proper cables, breakers & transformers

🔌KVA Calculation Formulas - Basic Guide Basic Formulas Series When working with electrical systems, knowing how to calculate KVA (kilovolt-ampere) is essential for sizing transformers, UPS systems, and industrial loads. ☑️ AC Single Phase: KVA = (V × I) 1000 ☑️ AC 3 Phase: KVA = (√3 x V x I) 1000 ☑️From KW: KVA = KW ÷ P.F These formulas help you convert electrical parameters into practical values for load estimation and equipment selection. Always use the correct power factor (P.F) when converting between KW and KVA.

Transformer Loading Calculation and Analysis This image illustrates the calculation and analysis of electrical transformers. It shows two scenarios: a 33/11 kV, 10 MVA power transformer and an 11/0.415 kV, 630 kVA distribution transformer (DT). The top section calculates the primary (I 1 ) and secondary (I 2 ) currents for the 10 MVA transformer. The bottom section demonstrates the calculation of individual phase power (Pr, Py, Pb) and total power (Pr + Py + Pb) for the 630 kVA distribution transformer, followed by a calculation of its percentage loading based on measured voltage and current values

🔎 Transformer Testing – Step by Step Guide Ensuring transformer reliability and safety is crucial in any #Electrical_Sub_Station. Below are the key tests carried out to validate performance and insulation health: 1️⃣ Megger Test (Insulation Resistance Test) ✔ Purpose: Check insulation between HT, LT & Earth. ✔ Acceptable: ≥ 1000 MΩ 2️⃣ Ratio Test (Turns Ratio Test) ✔ Purpose: Confirm HV/LV turns ratio accuracy. ✔ Tool: Transformer Ratio Meter (TTR) 3️⃣ Vector Group Test ✔ Purpose: Verify correct vector group configuration. 4️⃣ No Load Test ✔ Purpose: Measure no-load current & core (iron) loss. 5️⃣ Full Load Test ✔ Purpose: Assess transformer performance & losses under load. 6️⃣ Percentage Impedance Test ✔ Purpose: Determine % impedance for fault level calculations. 7️⃣ High Voltage Test (Dielectric Test) ✔ Purpose: Verify insulation withstand capacity. 8️⃣ Oil BDV (Breakdown Voltage) Test ✔ Purpose: Ensure insulating oil quality (≥ 28kV considered good). ⚡ Proper transformer testing not only guarantees smooth operations but also enhances safety, efficiency, and equipment life. #ElectricalEngineering #PowerSystem #TransformerTesting #Substation #SafetyFirst #Energy

✔️ Transformer Details:- ✅ What is Transformer Transformer is a static device. Which transfers the electrical energy one from to another from without change in frequency. ✅ Types of Transformer # By voltage ⚡- 1. Step-Up Transformer 2. Step-Down Transformer 3.Isolation Transformer # By Application - 1.Power Transformer 2.Distribution Transformer 3.Instrument Transformer # By Core Material 1. Shell type transformer 2. core type transformer 3. berry type transformer ✅ Part of the Transformer

Medium Voltage Switchgear Switchgear plays a critical role in the safe and efficient distribution of electrical power. The diagram below highlights the key components of Medium Voltage Switchgear and their functions: 1️⃣ Arc Chamber – manages and extinguishes arcs during switching. 2️⃣ Low-voltage Wire-way – organizes control wiring. 3️⃣ Low-voltage Compartment – houses relays, meters, and control devices. 4️⃣ Busbar Compartment – distributes power to different circuits. 5️⃣ Circuit Breaker Compartment – protects against overloads and faults. 6️⃣ Automatic Shutters – enhance safety during maintenance. 7️⃣ Earth Switch – provides grounding for safety. 8️⃣ Current Transformers – measure and monitor current. 9️⃣ Voltage Transformers – provide voltage scaling for metering. 🔟 Cable Terminations – connect incoming and outgoing cables. 1️⃣1️⃣ Earth Bar – ensures proper grounding. A well-designed switchgear system ensures safety, reliability, and efficiency in power distribution networks.

“Three Phase Service Connection” 🔌 What is Three Phase Service Connection? Power supply is provided in two ways: 1. Single Phase (1-Phase): Usually for lights, fans, TVs, etc. in homes (220V). 2. Three Phase (3-Phase): For heavy loads such as factories, large motors, machines or large buildings (380–440V). 🛠 Three Phase Service Connection consists of — 3 Phase Wires (R, Y, B) 1 Neutral Wire (N) Sometimes Earth Wire (E) ⚡ Work Steps 1. Connection to Supply Line: Three phase lines come from the power distribution company (DPDC, PDB, REB, etc.). 2. Energy Meter: Three phase meters are used so that the power of each phase can be measured separately. 3. Distribution Board (DB): MCB/ MCCB, fuse, relay are located here. 4. Supply to Load: Three phase load is divided equally among different machines or equipment, so that there is balance. 👉 In short: 3-Phase Service Connection = R, Y, B (3 Phase) + N (Neutral) + E (Earth) These go from meter → circuit breaker → distribution board → load.

Medium Voltage Switchgear Switchgear plays a critical role in the safe and efficient distribution of electrical power source ensures safety, reliability, and efficiency in power distribution networks. The photo below highlights the main components of Medium Voltage Switchgear cell and each item functions: 1- Arc Chamber – manages and extinguishes arcs during switching. 2- Low-voltage Wire-way – organizes control wiring. 3- Low-voltage Compartment – houses relays, meters, and control devices. 4- Busbar Compartment – distributes power to different circuits. 5- Circuit Breaker Compartment – protects against overloads and faults. 6- Automatic Shutters – enhance safety during maintenance. 7- Earth Switch – provides grounding for safety. 8- Current Transformers – measure and monitor current. 9- Voltage Transformers – provide voltage scaling for metering. 10- Cable Terminations – connect incoming and outgoing cables. 11- Earth Bar – ensures proper grounding.

In industrial plants, motors and inductive loads consume active power (kW) for useful work, but they also draw reactive power (kVAR) which causes a low power factor (PF). This leads to: • Higher current flow • Increased losses in cables & transformers • Reduced system efficiency • Possible penalties from the utility To improve PF, we add capacitor banks that supply the required reactive power (kVAR). But how do we calculate it? Let’s walk through an example: ⸻ 📝 Example: • Motor Rating: 5 HP (≈ 3.7 kW) • Supply Voltage: 440 V • Power Factor (PF): 0.8 Step 1: Calculate Apparent Power (kVA) kVA = \frac{kW}{PF} = \frac{3.7}{0.8} = 4.6 Step 2: Calculate Reactive Power (kVAR) kVAR = \sqrt{(kVA)^2 - (kW)^2} kVAR = \sqrt{(4.6)^2 - (3.7)^2} = 1.98 \approx 2