❓ What is the difference between Layer 2+ and Layer 3 switches? Understanding the differences between layer 2+ and layer 3 switches is crucial when building a network. Let's break it down: Layer 2+ switch (data link layer): Run at the MAC address level. Mainly used for forwarding frames within a local area network (LAN). Does not support routing between different networks. Layer 3 switch (network layer): By using IP addresses, routing can be performed between different networks, such as routers. Usually used for handling inter VLAN routing and directing traffic between subnets in large networks. https://lnkd.in/g4rXHuB9 https://lnkd.in/gfdHg5rB
Layer 2+ vs Layer 3 switches: Key differences
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Redundant Gateway Project with HSRP in Cisco Packet Tracer I built a networking project in Cisco Packet Tracer focusing on high availability and redundancy using the Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP). The setup included: Two multilayer switches acting as redundant default gateways PCs connected in the same VLAN (VLAN 10) HSRP configuration to provide a virtual IP address as the default gateway Failover testing where one switch takes over if the other goes down This project helped me understand how enterprises design resilient LAN networks to avoid downtime and ensure continuous connectivity. 🚀
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🚀 Excited to share my notes on Rapid Spanning-Tree Protocol (RSTP) and EtherChannel! 🌐 In modern networks, redundancy is vital for reliability, but it can also create risks such as bridging loops, leading to bandwidth wastage, MAC table instability, and even switch failures. To overcome these issues, the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) was developed. This guide highlights how Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) ensures fast loop prevention and how EtherChannel enhances redundancy and bandwidth efficiency, supported with Cisco Packet Tracer examples, diagrams, and commands. 🔹 Key highlights: ▸ Bridging loops → Cause MAC instability, bandwidth waste, CPU overload. ▸ RSTP basics → IEEE 802.1w, fast convergence, loop prevention. ▸ Root Bridge election → Bridge ID = Priority + VLAN ID + MAC. ▸ Port roles → Root, Designated, Alternate/Backup, Edge. ▸ Election rules → Lowest path cost → BID → Port ID. ▸ Configuration → Rapid-PVST+, PortFast, VLAN priorities. ▸ Load balancing → Per-VLAN root or port cost/priority. ▸ Synchronization → Proposal–Agreement for quick convergence. ▸ Timers/changes → Hello 2s, Forward Delay 15s, Max Age 20s. ▸ EtherChannel → Bundles links, boosts redundancy & bandwidth. 📥 Download the PDF and level up your networking skills! #Networking #Cisco #RSTP #SpanningTree #EtherChannel #ITProfessional #TechTips
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🌐Topology Overview ✅Switch Layer 3 with Multiple Vlans works and Connect with Router ✅Created Multiple Vlans on Switch Layer 3 like 10,20,30 ✅Vlans Segment traffic ✅Layer 3 switch enable inter-VLAN routing ✅Router with RIP shares routes to/from external network ✅Clients in Vlans can communicate with each other and with outside network 🛜 #ComputerNetworking #NetworkEngineer #NetworkInfrastructure #NetworkingTech #ITNetworking #NetworkSolutions #CCNA
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Basic of Networking What is Network? A Links two or more devices to share data and resources. Types of LAN,WAN,MAN What is Switches? Connect devices within a LAN Types of Switches Unmanaged Switch,Managed Switch,Smart Switch. Managed Switch Layer 3 Switch What is Router? Routers direct data packets between What is VLAN? Segments network into virtual networks Types of Routing Static Routing Dynamic Routing Default Routing Types of VLAN Default VLAN Data VLAN Voice VLAN Native VLAN What is Trunking? Enables multiple VLANs to traverse a single link Types of Trunking 8021Q (Dot1Q)ISL (Inter-SwitchLink) What is EtherChannel? Bundlins multiple physical links into a single logical link Types of EtherChannel PAgP (Port Aggregation Protocol) LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protool) Static (Manual) #CCNA #networking
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Discover the key differences between RJ45 and CAT6 cables, and how they impact Ethernet network performance. Optimize your connectivity with this essential guide.
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🚀 Today, I worked on EtherChannel in Cisco Packet Tracer. EtherChannel allows multiple physical links between switches to combine into one logical link. This boosts bandwidth and provides redundancy, so if one link fails, traffic keeps flowing smoothly. ✅ Configured EtherChannel successfully ✅ Tested link aggregation and redundancy ✅ Gained a better understanding of LACP and PAgP It’s exciting to see how enterprise networks ensure both speed and reliability with such technologies. #Networking #CCNA #EtherChannel #LearningEveryday #Cisco
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OSI AND TCP/IP *OSI Model:* The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a 7-layered framework that standardizes communication between devices on a network. The layers are: 1. Physical 2. Data Link 3. Network 4. Transport 5. Session 6. Presentation 7. Application *TCP/IP Model:* The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model is a 4-layered framework that governs communication on the internet. The layers are: 1. Network Access (or Link) 2. Internet 3. Transport 4. Application Both models help understand how data is transmitted over networks, but TCP/IP is more widely used in modern networking.
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𝐂𝐂𝐍𝐏/𝐂𝐂𝐈𝐄 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐞 – 𝐌𝐏𝐋𝐒 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐒𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐨: MPLS L3VPN is configured. CE routers can ping their PE, but no inter-site communication happens between CEs. 𝐒𝐞𝐭𝐮𝐩: ✅ VRFs configured correctly on PE routers ✅ MP-BGP session established between PEs 🚫 No routes exchanged between sites 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭’𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐥𝐢𝐤𝐞𝐥𝐲 𝐜𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞? A. Route-targets not imported/exported B. MPLS label not allocated C. CE-PE routing protocol not matching D. LDP not enabled in core 𝐂𝐂𝐍𝐏 𝐭𝐨 𝐂𝐂𝐈𝐄 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐞 𝐯𝟏.𝟏 | NETWORK JOURNEY 𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝐍𝐎𝐖 -https://lnkd.in/gi6EmHJ4
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OSPF and Network Types While setting up an OSPF topology, I explored how OSPF treats different network types differently: Ethernet Cable: A Designated Router (DR) and a Backup Designated Router (BDR) are elected automatically. All other routers become DRothers and form adjacencies only with DR/BDR. Updates are advertised by the DR, reducing overhead. Election Process: Based on priority (0–255) → higher wins. If priorities are equal, the router with the highest Router ID becomes DR. Default priority = 1 (can be manually changed). Priority 0 excludes a router from election. Serial Links (Point-to-Point): No DR/BDR election takes place. Adjacency is formed directly between the two routers. Key commands that I used: ! sh ip ospf ne ! ip ospf neighbor 👉 If we want to make R1 as DR and R2 as BDR: R1 int fa0/0 ip ospf priority 255 R2 int fa0/0 ip ospf priority 254 This setup helped me understand how OSPF optimizes communication depending on the medium—Ethernet vs Serial. #CCNA #NetworkEngineer #OSPF #DR #BDR #Routing #Routingprotocol
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Explanation: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) operates at the Transport layer of the OSI model. It provides reliable, connection-oriented communication. Ensures error checking, sequencing, and retransmission of lost data. Quick recap of the options: Transport → TCP, UDP Session → Manages sessions between applications Network → IP addressing & routing (IP, ICMP) Data Link → Physical addressing (MAC) & frame delivery #networksprofessional #ITEssentials
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