Quantum materials research advances Středa formula for driven systems

Recent advances in quantum materials research have extended the Středa formula to non-equilibrium, periodically driven systems, revealing a universal, quantized magnetic response rooted in topology. By applying Cesàro summation, researchers demonstrated that what appears as a trivial sum of zeros actually encodes robust bulk magnetization and edge phenomena unique to Floquet systems. This approach resolves longstanding theoretical challenges and suggests new experimental strategies, such as particle-density measurements, to detect these effects even in disordered materials. The findings offer a framework for classifying nonequilibrium phases and investigating energy exchange in driven quantum systems.

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