How to design a simple current limiter for power supplies

This voltage regulator, though using older components, features a simple and robust circuit design described as "manual work of the late 60s or early 70s". It incorporates a bridge rectifier for current limiting and is suitable for AC operation. Circuit Function: The regulator manages battery charging using a simple DC regulator, not designed for direct AC operation. Circuit Diagram: The provided schematic shows: Input: AC from the generator and a "Sense" line for voltage feedback. Rectification & Regulation: A bridge rectifier (using diodes like 1N5408 and 1N4007) converts AC to DC. A resistor network (1K, 500R, 750R, 5K) along with a component labeled 67151 (likely a transistor or SCR for regulation) and RV4 (a potentiometer for adjustment), likely form the core of the voltage regulation.

7800 Series Voltage Regulators: 7805, 7812, 7824, etc For many years the 7800 or 78xx series linear voltage regulators, including the more popular versions of this series like the 7805, 7812, etc, were the most popular voltage regulator chips available and they were used in many electronic circuits, large and small. The 7800 series voltage regulators were very easy to use, they were cheap to buy, and they provided excellent performance. Although now they are a little dated, they can still be obtained very cheaply and provide excellent performance, and they often remain designated as "Active" components that are likely to remain available for many years to come. This makes them an ideal choice for many electronic devices and circuits, especially for the home constructor, etc. Not only was there the 7800 series of linear voltage regulators giving a positive output voltage, but there was also the complementary 7900 series regulators used for negative voltage lines. Basic 7800 series voltage regulator circuit The electronic circuit design using 7800 series voltage regulators is very easy. It is almost a matter of putting them in circuit: input, output and ground. Naturally there are a few additional electronic components that may be required to ensure the correct operation of the voltage regulator circuit. Points to note in the circuit: *     This capacitor is required to ensure the stability of the regulator. Normally if the smoothing capacitor for the rectifiers is close, then this can be omitted, but if there is any length of wire, then it must be included to ensure the circuit remains stable. **     This capacitor is in circuit to remove noise and transients. This is the basic circuit used for any 7800 series voltage regulator. It is very successful and requires no additional components beyond those shown for the basic operation. Read more: https://lnkd.in/gHmmpni #voltageregulator #7800regulator #circuitdesign #powersupplies #linearregulator

⚡Why does a diode allow current in one direction but block it in the other? The answer lies in its I-V characteristics! 📉⚡ 🔁 Understanding the Current-Voltage (I-V) curve of a diode is crucial for designing rectifiers, regulators, and switching circuits. Let’s break it down! 📌 Key Regions of the I-V Curve ✅ Forward Bias Region (+V, +I) ⤷ Small current flows until threshold voltage (Vₜ) is reached ⤷ Silicon diode: ~0.7V | Germanium diode: ~0.3V | LEDs: ~1.8V - 3.5V ⤷ After Vₜ, current rises exponentially ✅ Reverse Bias Region (-V, ~0I) ⤷ Minimal leakage current flows (almost no conduction) ⤷ Acts as an open circuit ✅ Breakdown Region (-V, High -I) ⤷ If reverse voltage exceeds limit, breakdown occurs ⤷ Zener diodes are designed to operate in this region for voltage regulation 📊 Where Are These Curves Used? ⤷ Rectifier Circuits → Convert AC to DC ⤷ Voltage Regulators → Maintain steady voltage (Zener diodes) ⤷ LED Circuits → Light emission for indicators & displays ⤷ High-Speed Switching → Schottky diodes for fast response 💡 Choosing the right diode requires understanding its I-V curve! Engineers use this data to optimize circuit performance and efficiency. ➡ What’s your go-to diode for circuit design? Let’s discuss in the comments! 💬 ♻️ Repost to share with your network if you find this helpful. 🔗 Follow Ashish Shorma Dipta for posts like this. #ElectricalEngineering #Diodes #PowerElectronics #Semiconductors #CircuitDesign

𝐒𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐟𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 switching regulator is a highly efficient power supply circuit that converts DC voltage by rapidly switching a power transistor on and off, using an inductor to store and transfer energy and a capacitor to filter the output voltage. Its core components are a switch, an inductor, a diode, and a capacitor, which allow it to regulate voltage efficiently, achieve high power density, and generate output voltages that are higher, lower, or of a different polarity than the input voltage.  Switching regulators are increasing in popularity because they offer the advantages of higher power conversion efficiency and increased design flexibility(multiple output voltages of different polarities can be generated from a single input voltage). Buck—used to reduce a DC voltage to a lower DC voltage. Boost—provides an output voltage that is higher than the input. Buck-Boost(invert)—an output voltage that is generated opposite in polarity to the input. Flyback—an output voltage that is less than or greater than the input can be generated, as well as multiple outputs.  Push-Pull—A two-transistor converter that is especially efficient at low input voltages. Half-Bridge—A two-transistor converter used in many offline applications. Full-Bridge—A four transistor converter(usually used in offline designs) that can generate the highest output power of all the types listed.

What is a single-phase EMI filter? A single-phase EMI filter is a passive electrical component or assembly designed to suppress conducted noise and high-frequency interference on a single AC power line. It usually sits between the power source and the load, forming a barrier that minimizes the injection of unwanted noise back into the power grid and protects the device from external disturbances. Key components typically include: X-capacitors to clamp differential-mode noise between the live and neutral lines. Y-capacitors to shunt common-mode noise to ground. Inductors or chokes to impede high-frequency currents. In some designs, fuses or thermal fuses for protection and safety. Together, these elements create a low-impedance path for high-frequency noise, while maintaining low-frequency power delivery to the load.

TDK Extends InsuGate SMT Transformer Voltage to 1000V TDK has expanded its EPCOS InsuGate SMT gate drive transformer series with new variants rated up to 1000 V DC, meeting IEC 61558-1/2-16 insulation standards. With a 30% smaller footprint, high thermal stability, and robust isolation, these transformers are ideal for compact, high-frequency gate driver designs in e-mobility, industrial, and power electronics. Optimized for IGBT and SiC devices, they deliver reliable performance under demanding conditions. #PowerElectronics #Transformers #IndustrialInnovation #SiC #eMobility https://lnkd.in/gaEKpaC5

LED Circuit Protection – The Role of Series Resistors When designing LED circuits, it’s essential to include a series resistor to ensure the LED operates safely and efficiently. Without proper current limiting, LEDs can overheat and fail prematurely. The resistor value is calculated using the formula: R = (Vₛ - V_LED) / I_LED Example: Supply Voltage (Vₛ) = 9V LED Forward Voltage (V_LED) = 2V Desired LED Current (I_LED) = 0.02A R = (9 - 2) / 0.02 = 350Ω (Use the nearest standard value, such as 330Ω) 💡 Key takeaway: A simple resistor plays a crucial role in protecting sensitive electronic components and ensuring circuit longevity. #ElectricalEngineering #LED #ElectronicsDesign #CircuitProtection #Engineering

Do we use 230V or 320V from our wall outlets? Most people get this wrong. ⚡ #Engineering #ElectricalEngineering #Electronics #TechFacts #PowerSystems We all call it 230V AC, but an oscilloscope shows the voltage actually swinging up to 320V. So which one is the real voltage? It’s both, and understanding the difference is a key insight for anyone in engineering or product design. 230V is the RMS Voltage: The "working" value. This is the equivalent DC voltage that delivers the same power. Use it for calculating energy consumption and everyday applications. 320V is the Peak Voltage: The maximum stress value. This is the instantaneous voltage components like capacitors and insulation must withstand. Ignoring this could lead to a very costly mistake. The takeaway: A "simple" 230V rating hides a much higher peak. Knowing when to use each value is the difference between a successful design and a failure.

1. Inductor Behavior . DC (Direct Current) → Passes easily When DC flows, it's constant (no frequency). * An inductor’s reactance depends on frequency . * Inductor 's reactance: XL=2πfL depends on frequency f For DC, →f= 0 → XL= 0 acts like a short circuit. AC (Alternating Current) → Blocked or resisted AC keeps changing direction, which induces an opposing voltage in the inductor (Lenz’s Law). Higher frequency ⇒ larger ⇒ more opposition to AC. --- 2. Capacitor Behaviour. DC (Direct Current) → Blocked DC has zero frequency, so a capacitor eventually charges up and stops current flow. Capacitive reactance . • XC=1÷2πfc For DC, f=0 ⇒Xc= infinity ⇒ acts like an open circuit. AC (Alternating Current) → Passes easily AC constantly changes direction, so the capacitor charges and discharges continuously. Higher frequency ⇒ lower ⇒ easier AC flow. --- Summary Table Component DC Behavior AC Behavior Reason Inductor Passes DC Blocks AC Capacitor Blocks DC Passes AC --- Real-World Use Inductor filters are used in DC power supplies to block AC ripple. Capacitor coupling is used in amplifiers to block DC while allowing AC signal #Electronics #AC #DC #Inductor #Capacitor #ElectricalEngineering #CircuitTheory #PowerElectronics #EngineeringBasics #ElectricalConcepts #SignalProcessing #ElectronicsLearning #TechEducation #CurrentFlow #PhysicsInElectronics #ElectronicsDesign

MOSFET Self Turn-On Phenomenon : One of the hidden challenges in power electronics design is the self turn-on of MOSFETs. It occurs when the device unintentionally switches ON due to Miller capacitance (Cgd) and voltage transients across drain and gate. This unwanted behavior can lead to : ⚡ Increased switching losses 🔥 Higher device stress & heating 💥 Risk of shoot-through in half-bridge/phase-leg topologies 👉 To mitigate self turn-on : Use gate resistors or negative gate drive Select MOSFETs with low Crss (Cgd) Apply proper layout techniques to reduce dV/dt Gate driver ICs with Miller clamp are highly effective Understanding and controlling this phenomenon is key to designing robust, efficient, and reliable power electronics systems. Follow SURAJ SHARMA for more #MOSFET #PowerElectronics #GateDriver #Semiconductors #ElectronicsDesign #SwitchingDevices #PowerConversion #EngineeringInsights #EnergyEfficiency #ElectricVehicle