Einstein Is Wrong: Mass and Energy Are Distinct Entities: Mass Defect Explodes and Transforms into a New Form of Matter
Sub: Reply to Questions Concerning My Book
(Photo courtesy of National Nuclear Security Administration / Nevada Site Office, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons)
Thank you all for your questions. I would like to respond to all your inquiries.
Mass-Energy Equivalence Explained Simply
Mass-energy equivalence is a fundamental principle of Einstein's theory of relativity, encapsulated in the famous equation:
E = mc^2
where:
E represents energy,
mm is mass,
c is the speed of light in a vacuum.
This equation establishes that mass and energy are interchangeable. A system's mass represents its total energy content, and energy can, in principle, be converted into mass, and vice versa. Examples include:
Nuclear Reactions: A small amount of mass (the mass defect) is converted into a large amount of energy, owing to the immense value of c^2.
Relativistic Mass Increase: Experiments confirm that the mass of a moving body increases with speed (e.g., particles in accelerators).
These phenomena are widely accepted as empirical evidence supporting mass-energy equivalence according to special relativity.
The Need for a New Explanation of Nuclear Energy Release
In nuclear reactions, most of the energy (over 80%) is released as the kinetic energy of reaction products. While Coulomb repulsion is often cited to explain this, it only applies to charged particles and fails to account for the kinetic energy of neutral particles like neutrons.
For example, in the deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion reaction:
The total energy released is 17.6 MeV.
The neutron carries about 14.1 MeV, while the helium-4 nucleus carries 3.5 MeV.
Coulomb repulsion cannot explain the neutron's energy, highlighting the need for an alternative explanation.
A New Explanation: Nuclear Micro-Explosions
Observations such as high kinetic energy of reaction products, strong recoil effects, inverse relationships between mass and velocity, and back-to-back emission patterns suggest the possibility of a powerful explosion within the nucleus tied to the mass defect. This leads to the hypothesis that each mass defect triggers a nuclear micro-explosion.
Experimental Validation
Acoustic Emission Monitoring
Setup: Americium-241 embedded in an alumina (Al2O3Al_2O_3) matrix, releasing ~5.486 MeV per alpha particle (half-life: 432.2 years).
Detection: Piezoelectric transducers arranged hexagonally around a 2 cm ×3 cm2 \, \text{cm} \, \times 3 \, \text{cm} sample detect transient acoustic signals (500 kHz to 20 MHz, peaking at 5 MHz).
Isolation: Experiments conducted in a vacuum chamber (10−5 Pa10^{-5}\, \text{Pa}) with vibration isolation to reduce external noise.
Signal Acquisition
High-speed digitizers (200 MS/s, 14-bit range) capture signals, synchronized to within 1 ns.
Molecular Dynamics (MD) & Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
MD simulates alpha particle ejection.
FEA models shock waves at energy injections of 10–30 eV, with velocities around 1000±50 m/s1000 \pm 50 \, \text{m/s}.
Phonon Detection
Conducted at temperatures ≤4 K\leq 4\, \text{K} with magnetic shielding.
Transition edge sensors (TES) or kinetic inductance detectors (KID) detect phonon energy packets coupled to Al2O3Al_2O_3 via cryogenic adhesives.
Phonon bursts peak at 2 THz and 5 THz, consistent with corundum models.
Data Analysis
Acoustic and phonon signals are converted to frequency spectra.
Bayesian inference correlates phonon bursts with the 241^{241}Am decay rate (1.27 MBq/g1.27 \, \text{MBq/g}).
Combined datasets point to potential nuclear micro-explosions.
Implications of the Findings
If the mass defect results in a nuclear micro-explosion, it signifies a change in the state of matter. This suggests the existence of a universally occurring phenomenon, with large-scale implications:
Cosmic Events: Active stars, neutron star collisions, and black hole mergers generate significant mass effects.
Space-Filling Matter: This newly identified form of matter might permeate space itself.
Relativistic Effects: Interactions with this fine matter could provide alternative explanations for phenomena traditionally attributed to relativity, including:
Length contraction and time dilation.
Starlight bending, gravitational lensing, and the precession of Mercury’s perihelion.
These findings challenge our current understanding of the macro-universe, suggesting a need to revisit concepts from special and general relativity.
Researcher: Joseph George
Suggested Reading:
A Call to Experimentalists: Challenging Mass-Energy Equivalence with a Groundbreaking Experiment
Beyond E=mc²: How the Exploding Mass Defect Hypothesis Could Revolutionize Physics
Einstein Is Wrong: Mass and Energy Are Distinct Entities: Mass Defect Explodes and Transforms into a New Form of Matter