Fennel seeds to relieve Adverse Menopause Symptoms

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a hardy, aromatic plant of the carrot family, native to the Mediterranean region, but now widely cultivated around the world. It has a long history of use, both as a culinary flavouring and as a medicinal herb. Fennel seeds have traditionally been used to aid digestion, soothe colic in infants, freshen breath, and support milk production in breastfeeding women. Modern phytochemical studies have identified key bioactive compounds in Fennel seeds, including in its volatile oil. These compounds exhibit a range of physiological actions, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and antioxidant effects. Fennel also contains phytoestrogens - plant-based compounds that can bind to oestrogen receptors in the body - which may help explain some of its traditional use for women's reproductive health. Both preclinical and clinical research is now focusing on Fennel’s potential to ease symptoms of hormonal change, especially in the menopause.

A recent clinical study investigated the effects of Fennel seed on 80 women aged 45 to 60 years who were experiencing classical menopausal symptoms. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: one received 2 grams of Fennel seed powder daily in capsule form for 8 weeks, while the other received a placebo. Using the Kupperman Index to assess symptom severity, researchers found that scores in the Fennel group dropped significantly by the end of the study, compared with the placebo group. However, the intervention did not lead to significant changes in oestrogen levels or sexual desire, both of which were also evaluated. This is the first clinical study to assess the impact of Fennel seed specifically on classic menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes and night sweats. An earlier, smaller randomised trial had looked at Fennel’s effect on mood, reporting that it significantly reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression in postmenopausal women. These findings suggest that Fennel may support menopausal health through several mechanisms - addressing not only physical symptoms but also emotional wellbeing during this time of transition.

Ann Walker PhD FCPP MNIMH RNutr, Herbal Practitioner and Nutritionist, Course Director, Discovering Herbal Medicine course.