How to Apply for Optional Practical Training (OPT) in the USA

Introduction

Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a valuable opportunity for F-1 international students in the U.S. to gain real-world work experience related to their field of study. For Indian students aiming to launch their careers in the U.S., understanding the OPT application process is crucial. This guide provides a comprehensive overview tailored for 2025 applicants.

What is OPT?

OPT allows F-1 visa holders to work in the U.S. for up to 12 months in a role directly related to their major. STEM graduates may be eligible for a 24-month extension, totaling 36 months of work authorization.

Types of OPT

• Pre-Completion OPT: Work authorization before completing your academic program.
• Post-Completion OPT: Work authorization after completing your academic program.
• STEM OPT Extension: Additional 24 months for eligible STEM graduates.

Eligibility Criteria

To qualify for OPT:

• Maintain valid F-1 status.
• Enroll full-time for at least one academic year.
• Seek employment directly related to your major field of study.
• For STEM extension: hold a degree in an eligible STEM field and work for an E-Verify registered employer.

Application Timeline

• Pre-Completion OPT: Apply up to 90 days before completing a full academic year.
• Post-Completion OPT: Apply up to 90 days before and no later than 60 days after program completion.
• STEM OPT Extension: Apply up to 90 days before current OPT expires and within 60 days after DSO recommendation.

Step-by-Step Application Process

1. Consult Your Designated School Official (DSO): Request an OPT recommendation.
2. Receive Updated Form I-20: DSO endorses OPT on your I-20 and updates SEVIS.
3. Complete Form I-765: Application for Employment Authorization.
4. Gather Supporting Documents:
5. Pay the Application Fee:
6. Submit Application to USCIS: Within 30 days of DSO recommendation.
7. Receive Receipt Notice (Form I-797): Confirmation of application submission.
8. Await Employment Authorization Document (EAD): Processing time is typically 90–120 days.

Tips for a Successful Application

• Apply Early: To account for processing delays.
• Ensure Accuracy: Double-check all forms and documents.
• Maintain Communication: Stay in touch with your DSO throughout the process.
• Monitor Application Status: Use the USCIS online

Post-Approval Responsibilities

• Employment: Begin work only after receiving your EAD.
• Reporting: Update your employer information and address in SEVIS.
• Unemployment Limit: Do not exceed 90 days of unemployment during OPT.

STEM OPT Extension Specifics

• Eligibility: Hold a degree in an eligible STEM field.
• Employer Requirements: Employer must be enrolled in E-Verify.
• Application Timing: Apply up to 90 days before current OPT expires.
• Additional Documentation: Include Form I-983 training plan.

Conclusion

Navigating the OPT application process is a critical step for Indian students aiming to gain practical experience in the U.S. By understanding the requirements and adhering to timelines, you can enhance your professional journey.

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