Power Generation in India: A State-wise Analysis
India’s energy landscape is as diverse as its culture, with each state contributing uniquely to the nation’s total power generation. As of recent data from 2024, India boasts an impressive installed power generation capacity of 462,065.16 MW , distributed across various sources including fossil fuels, nuclear, hydro, and renewable energy. This blog dives into the details of this vast energy network, exploring how different states contribute to India’s power generation.
National Overview
Total Installed Capacity
Total Power Generation Capacity: 462,065.16 MW
Fossil/Thermal Contribution: 244,440.42 MW (52.9%)
Non-Fossil Contribution: 217,624.74 MW (47.1%)
The national grid is heavily reliant on thermal power, primarily coal, which accounts for a significant portion of the energy mix. However, there’s a noticeable shift towards non-fossil sources, reflecting India’s commitment to sustainable energy solutions.
Regional Breakdown
Western Region
Total Capacity: 164,162.06 MW
Thermal: 96,592.5 MW
Non-Fossil: 67,569.56 MW
Key States:
Gujarat: 56,966.2 MW
Maharashtra: 49,234.16 MW
Madhya Pradesh: 32,311.94 MW
Gujarat leads in renewable energy adoption, with renewables making up about 58.5% of its total capacity. Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh also have substantial contributions, though they rely more on thermal power.
Southern Region
Total Capacity: 125,734.35 MW
Thermal: 53,007.3 MW
Non-Fossil: 72,727.05 MW
Key States:
Tamil Nadu: 42,164.8 MW
Karnataka: 32,987.32 MW
Andhra Pradesh: 29,079.96 MW
Southern states are leading the charge in renewable energy, with Karnataka having an impressive 71.18% of its capacity from non-fossil sources. Tamil Nadu follows closely, leveraging both wind and solar power.
Northern Region
Total Capacity: 120,796.94 MW
Thermal: 54,499.96 MW
Non-Fossil: 66,296.98 MW
Key States:
Rajasthan: 45,229.21 MW
Uttar Pradesh: 34,778.39 MW
Himachal Pradesh: 11,454.44 MW
Northern states like Himachal Pradesh are almost entirely reliant on hydroelectric power, showcasing their natural resource advantages. Rajasthan balances thermal and renewable sources effectively.
Eastern Region
Total Capacity: 46,275.56 MW
Thermal: 37,889.71 MW
Non-Fossil: 8,385.85 MW
Key States:
West Bengal: 15,665.68 MW
Odisha: 12,545.32 MW
Bihar: 9,587.96 MW
Eastern states still depend largely on thermal power but are gradually incorporating more renewable sources. Odisha and West Bengal show potential for growth in hydro and renewable sectors.
North-Eastern Region
Total Capacity: 5,096.26 MW
Thermal: 2,450.95 MW
Non-Fossil: 2,645.3 MW
Key States:
Assam: 1,918.9 MW
Arunachal Pradesh: 1,270.46 MW
Tripura: 1,104.84 MW
North-eastern states predominantly use hydroelectric power due to their geographical advantages. Arunachal Pradesh stands out with its entire capacity coming from non-fossil sources.
India’s journey towards a sustainable energy future is well underway, with significant strides being made across all regions. The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is evident, particularly in states like Gujarat, Karnataka, and Himachal Pradesh. These efforts not only aim to meet the growing energy demands but also align with global sustainability goals.
As we move forward, continued investment in renewable technologies, infrastructure development, and policy support will be crucial in ensuring that India meets its ambitious target of achieving 500 GW of renewable energy by 2030 . With each state playing its part, India is poised to become a leader in sustainable energy solutions on the global stage.
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