What is Smoke Testing, and why is it called a “sanity check”?
Smoke testing is a type of software testing that focuses on validating the basic functionality of an application. It is typically performed after a new software build is created to ensure that the build is stable enough for more detailed and comprehensive testing. The purpose of smoke testing is not to perform exhaustive checks but to confirm that the application’s core features work as expected. This process helps testers quickly identify major issues that could block further testing efforts.
The term "smoke testing" is believed to have originated from hardware testing, where engineers would power up a system for the first time to check if it produces smoke, indicating a critical failure. In the context of software, it serves as an initial check to catch glaring defects or integration issues. For instance, if a login feature or key navigation paths fail during smoke testing, it signals that the build is too unstable to proceed to further testing phases like regression or performance testing.
Smoke testing is sometimes referred to as a "sanity check" because it ensures the software is in a reasonable state to undergo more detailed examination. This sanity check acts as a confidence booster for the development and testing teams, confirming that the system's fundamental components are functioning as intended. Without this quick evaluation, testers might waste time exploring a build that is inherently flawed or non-functional.
By conducting smoke testing early in the software development lifecycle, teams can save time and resources. It acts as a gatekeeper, preventing unstable builds from progressing further and potentially derailing the project. Smoke testing is often automated, especially in agile environments, to streamline the process and integrate it into continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines. This ensures a consistent and efficient way to validate each new iteration of the software.
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