Student Learning Assessment Techniques

Understanding Formative Assessment: Empowering Learning Every Step of the Way In the ever-evolving classroom, formative assessment stands as one of the most powerful tools for both teachers and students. Unlike summative assessments that evaluate learning at the end, formative assessments are ongoing, flexible, and meant to support learning during instruction. Formative assessment isn't just a method—it's a mindset. It’s about identifying gaps, adapting instruction, and empowering students to take ownership of their learning journey. Key Categories & Types of Formative Assessment 1. Teacher-Led Checks: -Observation: Informal monitoring during activities or group work. -Questioning: Open-ended or probing questions to elicit deeper thinking. -Mini Quizzes: Low-stakes assessments to measure concept grasp quickly. -Exit Tickets: Short written responses before students leave the class. 2. Student Self-Assessment: -Traffic Lights: Students indicate understanding using red (confused), yellow (unsure), or green (confident). -Reflection Journals: Writing about what was learned and where help is needed. -Checklists & Rubrics: Students use criteria to evaluate their own performance. 3. Peer Assessment: -Think-Pair-Share: Students discuss and clarify understanding before sharing with the class. -Peer Reviews: Giving and receiving structured feedback based on learning goals. 4. Collaborative Learning Activities: -Group Projects & Discussions: Encourage dialogue, problem-solving, and real-time feedback. -Concept Mapping: Visually organizing thoughts helps assess comprehension and relationships between ideas. 5. Digital & Creative Tools: -Interactive Polls & Quizzes: Use of tools like Kahoot, Mentimeter, or Google Forms. -Padlet or Jamboard Responses: Students post responses in real-time to visualize understanding. -Whiteboard Sketches & Visual Explanations: Let students draw what they know. --- Why Formative Assessment Matters: -Promotes active learning -Supports differentiated instruction -Encourages student agency -Builds a growth mindset Whether it’s a thumbs-up, an exit ticket, or a quick group brainstorm—formative assessment allows teaching to breathe with the learners, adapting in real-time and making education truly learner-centered. --- #FormativeAssessment #AssessmentForLearning #ActiveLearning #SelfAssessment #PeerAssessment #TrafficLightStrategy #ExitTickets #DifferentiatedInstruction #StudentCenteredLearning #EdTechInEducation #TeacherTools #VisibleLearning #ReflectiveTeaching #InstructionalStrategies

🌟 TEACHING SMARTER WITH QUESTIONS: How to Use Bloom’s Taxonomy Question Wheel in Classrooms As teachers, we ask questions every day, but not all questions are created equal. The Bloom’s Taxonomy Question Wheel isn’t just a colourful poster. It’s a powerful tool to help teachers ask better questions, build higher-order thinking, and promote learner independence. Here’s how you can use this wheel meaningfully in your teaching: 1. Plan Your Questions Intentionally When designing your lesson, you can choose 2 - 3 questions from the wheel that match your objective. Early in the lesson? Use Remember or Understand prompts: “What do you know about...?” / “Can you explain why...?” During practice or discussion? Use Apply or Analyze: “What would you do in this situation?” / “What patterns can you see?” For assessment or reflection? Try, Evaluate, and Create: “What would you recommend?” / “Can you design a solution?” ✔ This helps you differentiate and ensures all students are stretched appropriately. 2. Teach Students to Use the Questions Turn the wheel into a tool for students, not just for you. Introduce one colour/level at a time and model how to ask and answer questions. Encourage students to use the prompts during group work or peer feedback. Provide mini wheels on tables so students can choose a question during discussions or project reflections. 💡 Example: In a science lesson, instead of “What did we learn today?”, ask: “Can you explain how this connects to real life?” or “What would you improve in your design?” 3. Use It for Formative Assessment The wheel pairs perfectly with Assessment for Learning strategies: Use different levels of questions to check understanding throughout the lesson. Combine with Think-Pair-Share, Exit Tickets, or Traffic Lights to deepen metacognition. Ask students to self-assess by choosing the level they feel confident in after a task. 🎯 This not only shows you where students are but teaches them to think about their own thinking. ✨ Final Thought A good question doesn’t only check for the right answers but also opens up possibilities. When students start asking each other questions from the wheel, you’ll know you’ve built a classroom that values thinking, not just answers. Image Source: Twinkl #BloomsTaxonomy #FormativeAssessment #QuestioningInClass #ScaffoldedLearning #TeacherTools #LinhLeELT #AssessmentForLearning #InstructionalStrategies

How Do We Know That Our Dental Students Are Competent and Ready to Perform Certain Procedures on Patients? Having been in dental education for over three decades, I frequently ask myself: “Is this dental student ready to prepare a crown for this patient?” or “Is this resident ready to perform a full-mouth rehabilitation?” These are critical questions that define the safety and quality of care our students provide. Systematically, we rely on competencies and assessments to evaluate whether a learner—whether a predoctoral student or a resident—is ready to perform specific patient care procedures. However, dentistry is not a one-size-fits-all discipline, and different procedures require different benchmarks for competency. For example: • A student learning crown preparation might require six to eight or more practice attempts on a typodont before demonstrating competency. • Intraoral scanning might require three to five attempts on live patients to become efficient. • Tooth polishing, a simpler procedure, may only require one or two practice sessions before competency is achieved. Thus, applying a uniform competency threshold across all procedures can be misleading. If a program uses a rigid numerical requirement (e.g., “X number of procedures = competency”), it risks shifting the focus away from true skill development and progression. Instead of promoting growth and refinement of skills, it creates a checkbox mentality where the learner and faculty may mistakenly assume that completing a fixed number of cases equates to readiness. The Case for Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA) A more effective way to assess readiness is through Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA)—a framework that evaluates a learner’s ability to independently perform a task based on real-world observation rather than just a predefined number of attempts. EPAs consider: • The context of the procedure • The student’s decision-making process • The complexity of the case • The supervising faculty’s confidence in the learner’s ability to perform the task safely and effectively This approach shifts the focus from just completing a requirement to demonstrating competency in a dynamic, patient-centered way. How Should We Implement This? 1. Define clear EPA guidelines for key procedures that align with patient safety and clinical complexity. 2. Encourage progressive assessment, allowing students to develop skills at their own pace while ensuring readiness at every stage. 3. Integrate faculty calibration so that evaluators consistently assess readiness and entrustability. 4. Use technology and data analytics to track skill progression beyond just a number of completed procedures. Ultimately, competency in dental education should not be about rigid numerical thresholds but about ensuring that students are truly entrustable to perform patient care with confidence, skill, and safety. #DentalEducation #CompetencyBasedEducation #EntrustableProfessionalActivities

𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐳𝐳𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐞—they’re your chance to confirm that learning objectives are not only understood but also put into practice. To craft effective assessments, 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐛𝐲 𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐛𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬. What should learners be able to do by the end of your training? Once you know this, you can design assessment questions or activities that directly reflect those outcomes. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒, 𝑖𝑓 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑎 𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜-𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑘 𝑟𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒-𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. In instructional design, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐤𝐞𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭. Each assessment should map directly to a learning objective. When learners complete the assessment, their performance should clearly indicate whether they’ve achieved the intended outcome. This approach not only validates the training’s success but also highlights areas for improvement in both the content and the learners’ understanding. Remember, 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐧’𝐭 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐜𝐤𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐬—𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐲’𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐨𝐨𝐥𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐭𝐡. By ensuring they’re aligned with your learning objectives, you set your learners up for success and create training that truly drives results.

8 STEPS TO KNOW THAT MY STUDENTS ARE LEARING!! 1. Formative Assessments These are ongoing assessments that give you a sense of student understanding during the lesson: Exit Tickets: Ask students to answer a quick question at the end of class to check understanding. Quick Quizzes: Use short quizzes throughout the unit to monitor progress. Thumbs Up/Thumbs Down: A quick visual check of whether students grasp a concept. Polls or Surveys: Ask students to rate their understanding of a topic on a scale (e.g., 1–5). 2. Observations Student Participation: Are students actively engaging in discussions and activities? This can be an indicator of their interest and understanding. Body Language: Pay attention to students' facial expressions and body language. Confused or disengaged students may need more support. Peer Interactions: If students are able to discuss and explain concepts to their peers, it shows a deeper level of understanding. 3. Student Work Assignments and Projects: Review the quality and depth of their work. Are they able to apply what you've taught in a meaningful way? Homework: Look for trends in students’ performance on homework to assess whether they’re grasping the material. Portfolios: Have students collect their work over time. This helps you see their progress and areas for improvement. 4. Summative Assessments Tests and Exams: While these occur less frequently, they provide a big-picture view of student comprehension. Standardized Tests: These can also provide data on student performance compared to broader benchmarks. 5. Student Self-Reflection Self-Assessment: Have students rate their own understanding, identify areas where they need help, and set goals for improvement. Learning Journals: Encourage students to reflect on what they’ve learned, which can reveal their level of understanding. 6. Student Feedback Surveys: Ask students for feedback on how they feel about their learning. Are they confident? Do they feel they’re making progress? One-on-One Conversations: Occasionally meeting with students individually gives you insight into their personal progress and challenges. 7. Check for Mastery Retrieval Practice: Ask students to recall information after some time has passed. Are they able to remember and apply it without help? Cumulative Review: Review concepts learned previously to see if students are retaining knowledge over time. 8. Peer Review Collaborative Activities: Have students work together on tasks and assess their collaborative skills and understanding. Peer feedback can also be valuable.

The TAPPLE Method is a classroom management and formative assessment strategy developed by Dr. Chris Biffle (Whole Brain Teaching). It’s designed to keep students actively engaged and accountable during lessons. Here’s what TAPPLE stands for: T – Teach first → Present the information or concept clearly to students. A – Ask a question → Check understanding by asking the class a question related to what you just taught. P – Pair-share → Give students time to quickly discuss their answer with a partner (this boosts participation). P – Pick a non-volunteer → Instead of calling on students who raise their hands, call on any student to answer, ensuring everyone stays alert. L – Listen → Pay close attention to the student’s response to gauge understanding. E – Effective feedback → If the answer is correct, reinforce it positively. If not, guide the student (and class) back to the correct answer without discouraging them. ✅ The goal of TAPPLE is to maintain engagement, equity, and accountability—so all students are involved in the learning process, not just the most eager ones

One assessment method won’t cut it... Multi-methods unlock hidden potential. Relying on a single method misses the full picture: → It overlooks important skills and abilities. → It may lead to biased or incomplete evaluations. → It fails to identify specific areas for improvement. A multi-method approach paints a full picture: 1. Performance Reviews Deliver structured feedback to highlight growth areas. Focus on actionable steps to improve performance.     2. Surveys & Interviews Gain honest insights directly from key stakeholders. Uncover both strengths and hidden challenges.     3. Skills Gap Analysis Identify critical priorities for targeted development. Design plans to close gaps and build key skills.     4. Self-Assessments Encourage leaders to reflect on their unique strengths. Build self-awareness to fuel ongoing growth.     5. Team Discussions Foster collaboration to unlock team potential. Reveal hidden strengths within group dynamics. Mix at least three methods for real impact: ☑ Schedule regular feedback check-ins. ☑ Build impact skills like communication. ☑ Use tech for surveys and real-time data. Smart assessments drive future-ready leaders. Follow Jonathan Raynor. Reshare to help others.

Formative assessment is like a compass—it is ongoing, diagnostic, and designed to guide learning. It provides students with timely, actionable feedback during the learning process so they can improve before reaching the final destination. Examples include quizzes, think-pair-share, drafts, reflections, or teacher-student conferences. Formative assessments help identify misconceptions, adjust teaching strategies, and personalise support. In this way, they build student confidence and competence incrementally. Summative assessment is more like a snapshot—it evaluates what students have achieved at the end of an instructional period. It measures mastery against learning outcomes and is used to judge the effectiveness of instruction. Examples include final exams, projects, performances, or standardised tests. While summative assessments do not provide direct guidance during the learning process, they reflect the culmination of all the formative learning and feedback that came before.

🔍 𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐅𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐚 𝐅𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐂𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐘𝐏 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐦𝐬 🌱 Creating a strong feedback culture in an IB PYP classroom is essential for student growth, reflection, and agency. Feedback should be constructive, continuous, and student-centered, allowing learners to take ownership of their progress. But how can we ensure that feedback is meaningful and engaging? Here are 𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬 that can help foster an effective feedback culture in your classroom: ✨ 𝐓𝐡𝐞 "𝐅𝐢𝐱 𝐈𝐭" 𝐋𝐢𝐬𝐭 – Encourage students to maintain a list of areas they need to improve. This strategy promotes self-reflection and goal setting. ⭐ 𝐓𝐰𝐨 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚 𝐖𝐢𝐬𝐡 – A simple yet powerful peer and self-assessment tool where students highlight two things they did well and one area for improvement. 💡 𝐆𝐥𝐨𝐰 & 𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐰 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 – Students and teachers use "Glow" (positive feedback) and "Grow" (constructive feedback) statements to guide reflection and progress. 🔄 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐥 – Students rotate in small groups, giving and receiving feedback on each other’s work, ensuring varied perspectives and deeper insights. 📝 𝐄𝐱𝐢𝐭 𝐓𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐅𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐤 – A quick and effective way to gauge student understanding at the end of a lesson. Students write reflections or questions on a sticky note before leaving. 🔍 𝐈 𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞, 𝐈 𝐖𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫, 𝐈 𝐒𝐮𝐠𝐠𝐞𝐬𝐭 – A structured reflection framework that encourages students to observe, inquire, and provide constructive feedback. 📌 𝐒𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐲 𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐞 𝐅𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐖𝐚𝐥𝐥 – A collaborative space where students leave anonymous or named feedback on their peers' work, promoting a supportive learning environment. 🚦 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜 𝐋𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 – A self-assessment tool where students use red, yellow, and green indicators to express their level of understanding and confidence in a topic. 🤝 𝐓𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫-𝐒𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 – One-on-one discussions between educators and students that allow for personalized feedback and targeted support. By incorporating these strategies, we empower students to develop their metacognitive skills, become reflective learners, and take ownership of their learning journey. 🌍✨ 📌 What feedback strategies do you use in your classroom? Share your thoughts in the comments! ⬇️ 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐲 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐦 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭𝐬𝐀𝐩𝐩 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲:-. https://lnkd.in/gzX_x8Hj 𝐓𝐨 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐦𝐲 𝐏𝐘𝐏 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐊𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐥𝐲 𝐕𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐭: https://lnkd.in/g2ijMEsW #inquiryClassroom #IBPYP #StudentAgency #FeedbackCulture #InquiryBasedLearning #IBEducation #Reflection #AssessmentForLearning #PeerFeedback #GrowthMindset