Exploring Quantum Technology

A milestone in quantum physics — rooted in a student project What began as a student's undergraduate thesis at Caltech — later continued as a graduate student at MIT — has grown into a collaborative experiment between researchers from MIT, Caltech, Harvard, Fermilab, and Google Quantum AI. Using Google’s Sycamore quantum processor, the team simulated traversable wormhole dynamics — a quantum system that behaves analogously to how certain wormholes are predicted to work in theoretical physics. Here’s what they did: Implemented two coupled SYK-like quantum systems on the processor that represent black holes in a holographic model. Sent a quantum state into one system. Applied an effective “negative energy” pulse to make the simulated wormhole traversable. Observed the state emerge on the other side — consistent with quantum teleportation. This wasn’t just classical computer modeling — it ran on real qubits, using 164 two-qubit quantum gates across nine qubits. Why it matters: The results are consistent with the ER=EPR conjecture, which suggests a deep link between quantum entanglement and spacetime geometry. In the holographic picture, patterns of entanglement can be interpreted as wormhole-like “bridges.” This experiment shows how quantum processors can begin to probe aspects of quantum gravity in a laboratory setting, complementing astrophysical observations and theoretical work. While no physical wormhole was created, this is a step toward using quantum computers to explore some of the most fundamental questions in physics. What breakthrough in science excites you most? Share your thoughts below — and let’s discuss how quantum computing is reshaping our understanding of reality. ♻️ Repost to help people in your network. And follow me for more posts like this. CC: thebrighterside

Woke up today thinking about how atomic particles carry information — a shift that could redefine computing and communication. We typically think of information transfer through wires and circuits. But at the smallest scales, individual particles — photons, electrons, even atoms — are changing how things could work. 1 / Qubits in Quantum Computing In quantum systems, particles like photons and electrons store information as qubits. Unlike traditional bits, qubits use superposition and entanglement to process certain problems exponentially faster, transforming fields like cryptography and complex optimization. 2 / Photonic Communication (bullish here) Photons transmit data in fiber optics, but in quantum communication, single photons enable secure data transfer. Quantum key distribution (QKD) leverages photons to detect interception attempts, creating highly secure networks. 3 / Spintronics for Data Storage Electron spin, rather than charge, is used in spintronics, leading to faster, energy-efficient storage technologies like MRAM. This approach could revolutionize data density and durability, key for next-gen devices. 4 / Atomic Computing At the experimental edge, atoms themselves are being explored as data carriers. Single-atom transistors demonstrate the potential for ultra-compact processing power, hinting at a new frontier in computing miniaturization. Atomic-scale information transfer is reshaping tech—moving us beyond circuits to a new paradigm where particles drive performance. Thoughts?

Turning Europe into a quantum industrial powerhouse Europe has been the cradle of quantum mechanics, the revolutionary science born from the genius of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, and other visionaries who rewrote the rules of physical reality. On 2 July 2025, in the year marking a centenary since the initial development of quantum mechanics, the Commission has adopted an ambitious European Quantum Strategy, integrating Europe's unique scientific heritage with its vibrant quantum ecosystem of startups, SMEs, large industries, research and technology organisations, academia and research institutes. The mission is clear: turn Europe into a quantum industrial powerhouse that transforms breakthrough science into market-ready applications, while maintaining its scientific leadership. We are imagining a Union where medical scans can detect illnesses at the earliest stages, accelerating from weeks of uncertainty to mere seconds of precise diagnosis; where sensors are able to warn about volcanic activity or water shortages before they happen; and where unprecedented computational power will be available to solve complex problems in logistics, finance and climate modelling. A safer Europe, where our personal data, critical infrastructure, and businesses will always remain private and well-protected; where transport systems are optimised to reduce congestion and prevent accidents; and air travel is guided by quantum-enhanced precision navigation, pinpointing objects' locations down to the centimetre. A greener Europe, where sustainable energy grids can flawlessly manage millions of electric vehicles charging simultaneously overnight. These tangible, transformative technologies are within reach through support from the EU Quantum Strategy. The quantum community has clearly outlined what's needed to achieve this future: · Combine Europe's scientific excellence to bring quantum breakthroughs rapidly to market · Develop advanced quantum supercomputers like the ones we are supporting under the Quantum Flagship and are acquiring under the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking to operate as accelerators next to our leading network of supercomputers · Deploy secure communication networks such as those under EuroQCI, our secure quantum communication infrastructure that will be spanning the whole EU, composed of a terrestrial segment relying on fibre communications networks linking strategic sites at national and cross-border level, and a space segment based on satellites · Support quantum startups and SMEs, enhancing supply chain resilience, and foster supranational innovation clusters · Integrate quantum advancements into strategic capabilities for security and defence, protecting citizens and infrastructure · Educate Europe's workforce through specialised initiatives like the European Quantum Skills Academy Quantum is not one more technology to add to the list; is a high tide that will deeply transform our society and economy.

🚨 New OMB Report on Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)🚨 The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has released a critical report detailing the strategy for migrating federal information systems to Post-Quantum Cryptography. This report is in response to the growing threat posed by the potential future capabilities of quantum computers to break existing cryptographic systems. **Key Points from the Report:** 🔑 **Start Migration Early**: The report emphasizes the need to begin migration to PQC before quantum computers capable of breaking current encryption become operational. This proactive approach is essential to mitigate risks associated with "record-now-decrypt-later" attacks. 🔑 **Focus on High-Impact Systems**: Priority should be given to high-impact systems and high-value assets. Ensuring these critical components are secure is paramount. 🔑 **Identify Early**: It's crucial to identify systems that cannot support PQC early in the process. This allows for timely planning and avoids migration delays. 🔑 **Cost Estimates**: The estimated cost for this transition is approximately $7.1 billion over the period from 2025 to 2035. This significant investment underscores the scale and importance of the task. 🔑 **Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP)**: To ensure the proper implementation of PQC, the CMVP will play a vital role. This program will validate that the new cryptographic modules meet the necessary standards. The full report outlines a comprehensive strategy and underscores the federal government’s commitment to maintaining robust cybersecurity in the quantum computing era. This is a critical step in safeguarding our digital infrastructure against future threats. #Cybersecurity #PQC #QuantumComputing #FederalGovernment #Cryptography #DigitalSecurity #OMB #NIST

World-First Molecular Quantum Entanglement Achieved at Durham University In a groundbreaking achievement, scientists at Durham University in the UK have successfully demonstrated quantum entanglement of molecules with a record-breaking fidelity of 92%. This marks the first time entanglement has been achieved with molecules, advancing quantum mechanics research and opening doors to revolutionary technologies in communication, sensing, and computing. Key Highlights: 1. Quantum Entanglement Basics: Quantum entanglement links particles such that the state of one influences the other, regardless of distance. This phenomenon is a cornerstone for developing next-generation quantum technologies, enabling faster communication and enhanced computational power. 2. ‘Magic-Wavelength’ Optical Tweezers: The team utilized highly precise optical traps known as magic-wavelength optical tweezers to create environments supporting long-lasting molecular entanglement. These advanced tools allowed for stable control and manipulation of molecular states. 3. Applications: • Quantum Networking: Entanglement over existing fiber optic cables could accelerate the real-world deployment of quantum networks without requiring extensive new infrastructure. • Quantum Computing and Sensing: Molecules, with their complex internal structures, offer new dimensions for computation and precision sensing, potentially surpassing the capabilities of entangled atoms. 4. Major Milestone: While entanglement between atoms has been repeatedly demonstrated, molecules bring added complexity due to their additional internal structures. Achieving high-fidelity entanglement with molecules is a significant step forward in the field. Implications for the Future: This breakthrough could lead to advancements in secure communication, more powerful quantum computers, and sophisticated sensing technologies. As quantum entanglement becomes more applicable to real-world systems, innovations like this set the stage for transformative developments in science and technology.

Three weeks ago, our Devsinc security architect, walked into my office with a chilling demonstration. Using quantum simulation software, she showed how RSA-2048 encryption – the same standard protecting billions of transactions daily – could theoretically be cracked in just 24 hours by a sufficiently powerful quantum computer. What took her classical computer billions of years to attempt, quantum algorithms could solve before tomorrow's sunrise. That moment crystallized a truth I've been grappling with: we're not just approaching a technological evolution; we're racing toward a cryptographic apocalypse. The quantum computing market tells a story of inevitable disruption, surging from $1.44 billion in 2025 to an expected $16.22 billion by 2034 – a staggering 30.88% CAGR that signals more than market enthusiasm. Research shows a 17-34% probability that cryptographically relevant quantum computers will exist by 2034, climbing to 79% by 2044. But here's what keeps me awake at night: adversaries are already employing "harvest now, decrypt later" strategies, collecting our encrypted data today to unlock tomorrow. For my fellow CTOs and CIOs: the U.S. National Security Memorandum 10 mandates full migration to post-quantum cryptography by 2035, with some agencies required to transition by 2030. This isn't optional. Ninety-five percent of cybersecurity experts rate quantum's threat to current systems as "very high," yet only 25% of organizations are actively addressing this in their risk management strategies. To the brilliant minds entering our industry: this represents the greatest cybersecurity challenge and opportunity of our generation. While quantum computing promises revolutionary advances in drug discovery, optimization, and AI, it simultaneously threatens the cryptographic foundation of our digital world. The demand for quantum-safe solutions will create entirely new career paths and industries. What moves me most is the democratizing potential of this challenge. Whether you're building solutions in Silicon Valley or Lahore, the quantum threat affects us all equally – and so does the opportunity to solve it. Post-quantum cryptography isn't just about surviving disruption; it's about architecting the secure digital infrastructure that will power humanity's next chapter. The countdown has begun. The question isn't whether quantum will break our current security – it's whether we'll be ready when it does.

Breakthrough for the #quantum internet: For the first time a major telco provider has successfully conducted entangled photon experiments - on its own infrastructure. ➡️ 30 kilometers, 17 days, 99 per cent fidelity. Our teams at T-Labs have successfully transmitted entangled photons over a fiber-optic network. Over a distance comparable to travelling from Berlin to Potsdam. The system automatically compensated for changing environmental conditions in the network.   Together with our partner Qunnect we have demonstrated that quantum entanglement works reliably. The goal: a quantum internet that supports applications beyond secure point-to-point networks. Therefore, it is necessary to distribute the types of entangled photons. The so-called qubits, that are used for #QuantumComputing, sensors or memory. Polarization qubits, like the ones used for this test, are highly compatible with many quantum devices. But: they are difficult to stabilize in fibers.   From the lab to the streets of Berlin: This success is a decisive step towards the quantum internet. 🔬 It shows how existing telecommunications infrastructure can support the quantum technologies of tomorrow. This opens the door to new forms of communication.   Why does this matter for people and society?   🗨️ Improved communications: The quantum internet promises faster and more efficient long-distance communications. 🔐 Maximum security: Entanglement can be used in quantum key distribution protocols. Enabling ultra-secure communication links for enterprises and government institutions 💡Technological advancement: high-precision time synchronization for satellite networks and highly accurate sensing in industrial IoT environments will need entanglement.   Developing quantum technologies isn’t just a technical challenge. A #humancentered approach asks how these systems can be built to serve real needs and be part of everyday infrastructure. With 2025 designated as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology, now is the time to move from research to readiness. Matheus Sena, Marc Geitz, Riccardo Pascotto, Dr. Oliver Holschke, Abdu Mudesir

To build powerful quantum computers, we need to correct errors. One promising, hardware-friendly approach is to use 𝘣𝘰𝘴𝘰𝘯𝘪𝘤 𝘤𝘰𝘥𝘦𝘴, which store quantum information in superconducting cavities. These cavities are especially attractive because they can preserve quantum states far longer than even the best superconducting qubits. But to manipulate the quantum state in the cavity, you need to connect it to a ‘helper’ qubit - typically a transmon. Unfortunately, while effective, transmons often introduce new sources of error, including extra noise and unwanted nonlinearities that distort the cavity state. Interestingly, the 𝗳𝗹𝘂𝘅𝗼𝗻𝗶𝘂𝗺 𝗾𝘂𝗯𝗶𝘁 offers a powerful alternative, with several advantages for controlling superconducting cavities: • 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲: Fluxonium qubits have demonstrated millisecond coherence times, minimising qubit-induced decoherence in the cavity. • 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴: Its rich energy level structure offer significant design flexibility. This allows the qubit-cavity Hamiltonian to be tailored to minimize or eliminate undesirable nonlinearities. • 𝗞𝗲𝗿𝗿-𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Numerical simulations show that a fluxonium can be designed to achieve a large dispersive shift for fast control, while simultaneously making the self-Kerr nonlinearity vanish. This is a regime that is extremely difficult for a transmon to reach without significant, undesirable qubit-cavity hybridisation.    And there are now experimental results that support this approach. Angela Kou's team coupled a fluxonium qubit to a superconducting cavity, generating Fock states and superpositions with fidelities up to 91%. The main limiting factors were qubit initialisation inefficiency and the modest 12μs lifetime of the cavity in this prototype. Simulations suggest that in higher-coherence systems (like 3D cavities), the fidelity could climb much higher with error rates dropping below 1%. Even more impressive: They show that an external magnetic flux can be used to tune the dispersive shift and self-Kerr nonlinearity independently. So the experiment confirms that there are operating points where the unwanted Kerr term crosses zero while the desired dispersive coupling stays large. In short: Fluxonium qubits offer a practical, tunable path to high-fidelity bosonic control without sacrificing the long lifetimes that make cavity-based quantum memories so attractive in the first place. 📸 Credits: Ke Ni et al. (arXiv:2505.23641) Want more breakdowns and deep dives straight to your inbox? Visit my profile/website to sign up. ☀️

We may be standing at a moment in time for Quantum Computing that mirrors the 2017 breakthrough on transformers – a spark that ignited the generative AI revolution 5 years later. With recent advancements from Google, Microsoft, IBM and Amazon in developing more powerful and stable quantum chips, the trajectory of QC is accelerating faster than many of us expected.   Google’s Sycamore and next gen Willow chips are demonstrating increasing fidelity. Microsoft’s pursuit of topological qubits using Majorana particles promises longer coherence times and IBM’s roadmap is pushing towards modular error corrected systems. These aren’t just incremental steps, they are setting the stage for scalable, fault tolerant quantum machines.   Quantum systems excel at simulating the behavior of molecules and materials at atomic scale, solving optimization problems with exponentially large solution spaces and modeling complex probabilistic systems – tasks that could take classical supercomputers millennia. For example, accurately simulating protein folding or discovering new catalysts for carbon capture are well within quantum’s potential reach.   If scalable QC is just five years away, now is the time to ask : What would you do differently today, if quantum was real tomorrow ?. That question isn’t hypothetical – it’s an invitation to start rethinking foundational problems in chemistry, logistics, finance, AI and cryptography.   Of course building quantum systems is notoriously hard. Fragile qubits, error correction and decoherence remain formidable challenges. But globally public and private institutions are pouring resources into cracking these problems. I was in LA today visiting the famous USC Information Sciences Institute where cutting edge work on QC is underway and the energy is palpable.   This feels like a pivotal moment. One where future shaping ideas are being tested in real labs. Just as with AI, the future belongs to those preparing for it now. QC Is an area of emphasis at Visa Research and I hope it is part of how other organizations are thinking about the future too.