- ——— (1996b), “Health, Human Capital and Economic Growthâ€, Paper for the Program on Public Policy and Health, Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization (Washington: Pan American Health Organization).
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Acemoglu, D. and Johnson, S. (2006), “Diseases and Development: The Effect of Life Expectancy on Economic Growthâ€, Department of Economics, MIT, May.
- African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) (2002), Population and Health Dynamics in Nairobi’s Informal Settlements. Nairobi, APHRC.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Alves, D and Belluzzo, W (2005), “Child Health and Infant Mortality in Brazil,†Inter-American Development Bank Research Network Working Paper R-493.
- Amouzou, A. and Hill, K. (2004), “Child Mortality and Socioeconomic Status in SubSaharan Africa“, African Population Studies vol.19 n1/Etude de la population africaine, vol. 19, n 1, April, 1-11 Anand, S. and M. Ravallion (1993), “Human Development in Poor Countries: On the Role of Public Services†Journal of Economic Perspectives 7(1), 135-50.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Anand, S., and T. Barnighausen (2004), “Human Resources and Health Outcomes: CrossCountry Econometric Study.†Lancet 364:1603-09.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Andersen, R. (1975), “Health services distribution and equityâ€, in Equity in health services: Empirical analysis in social policy, R. Andersen et al. (eds.), Ballinger, Cambridge MA, Chapter 2.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Anyanwu, J. C. (1996), "Empirical Evidence On The Relationship Between Human Capital and The Income of Nigerian Women", Journal of Economic Management, Vol.3, No.1, 45 – 67.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Anyanwu, J. C. (1998), "Human Capital And Nigerian Men's Income", Pakistan Economic & Social Review, Vol. XXXVI, No. 1, 73 - 94.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Arjona, Roman, Maxime Ladaique, and Mark Pearson (2001), “Growth, Inequality and Social Protection,†OECD Labor Market and Social Policy Occasional Paper No. 51 (Paris: OECD).
- AU, ECA, and AfDB (2007), 2007 Report on Assessing Africa’s Progress Towards the Millennium Development Goals.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Babazono, A., A. L. Hilman (1994), “A comparison of international health outcomes and health care spendingâ€, International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 10(3), pp. 376-381.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Baldacci, E. et al. (2004), “Social Spending, Human Capital, and Growth in Developing Countries: Implications for Achieving the MDGsâ€, IMF Working Paper, no. wp/04/217, Washington DC.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Baldacci, E., M.T. Guin-Siu, and L. de Mello (2002), “More on the Effectiveness of Public Spending on Health Care and Education: A Covariance Structure Model.â€, IMF Working Paper WP/02/90, Washington, International Monetary Fund.
Baldacci, Emanuele, Maria Teresa Guin-Sui, and Luiz de Mello (2003), “More on the Effectiveness of Public Spending on Health Care and Education: A Covariance Structure Modelâ€, Journal of International Development, Vol. 15, pp. 709–25.
Barro, Robert J. (1996a), “Determinants of Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Studyâ€, NBER Working Paper No. 5968 (Cambridge, Massachusetts: National Bureau of Economic Research).
Berger, M. C. and Messer, J (2002), Public financing of health expenditures, insurance, and health outcomes, Applied Economics, Volume 34, Issue 17, November, pp 2105 – 2113.
Bidani, Benu, and Ravallion, Martin (1997), “Decomposing Social Indicators Using Distributional Dataâ€, Journal of Econometrics, 77, No. 1, pp. 125–39.
- Bloom D. E, Canning, D (2000), The health and wealth of nations, Science 2000, 287, 12071209.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Bloom, David, and David Canning (2003), “The Health and Poverty of Nations: From Theory to Practice,†Journal of Human Development, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 47–71.
Bloom, David, David Canning, and Jaypee Sevilla (2004), “The Effect of Health on Economic Growth: A Production Function Approach,†World Development, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp.1–13.
Bokhari F. A. S., Gai. Y, and Gottret P (2006), “Government Health Expenditures And Health Outcomesâ€, Health Economics, May 2006.
- Burnside, C. and Dollar, D. (1998), “Aid, the Incentive Regime, and Poverty Reductionâ€, The World Bank, Washington D.C. Macroeconomics and Growth Group.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Caldwell, J. C. (1979), “ Education as a factor in mortality decline: an examination of Nigeria data†Population Studies, Vol. 33, pp:395-413 Campos, N. F. and Kuzeyev, V. S (2007), “On the Dynamics of Ethnic Fractionalizationâ€, American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 51, No.3, July, 620-639.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Casterline, J. B., E. C. Cooksey et al. (1989), "Household Income and Child Survival in Egypt." Demography 26(1): 15-35.
- Commission for Africa (2005), Our Common Interest: report of the Commission for Africa, CFA, March.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (2001), Macroeconomics and Health: Investing in Health for Economic Development, WHO, Geneva, 20 December 2001.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Crémieux, P.-Y., M.-C. Meilleur, P. Ouellette, P. Petit, M. Zelder, and K. Potvin (2005a), “Public and Private Pharmaceutical Spending as Determinants of Health Outcomes in Canada.†Health Economics 14(2), 107-116.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Crémieux, P.-Y., M.-C. Meilleur, P. Ouellette, P. Petit, M. Zelder, and K. Potvin (2005b), “Erratum: ‘Public and Private Pharmaceutical Spending as Determinants of Health Outcomes in Canada.’†Health Economics 14(2), 117.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Crémieux, P.-Y., P. Ouellette, and C. Pilon (1999), “Health Care Spending as Determinants of Health Outcomes.†Health Economics 8(7), 627-639.
- Currie, J and Moretti E (2003), “Mother’s Education and the International Transmission of Human Capital: Evidence from College Openingsâ€, Quarterly Journal of economics, 118(4).
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Curtis, S.L., Diamond, I. et al. (1993), "Birth Interval and Family Effects on Postneonatal Mortality in Brazil" Demography 30(1): 33-43.
Cutler, D. and G. Miller (2005), The role of public health improvements in health advances: The twentieth century United States, Demography, 42(1), February, 1-22.
Cutler, D. M. (1995), “The incidence of adverse medical outcomes under prospective payment†econometrical 63 (1), 29-50.
Cutler, D., A. Deaton and A. Lleras-Muney (2006), The Determinants of Mortality, Journal of Economic Perspectives, January.
- Das Gupta, M. (1990), "Death Clustering, Mothers' Education and the Determinants of Child Mortality in Rural Punjab, India." Population Studies 44: 489-505.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Day, Kathleen and Tousignant, Julie (2005), Health Spending, Health Outcomes, and Per Capita Income in Canada: A Dynamic Analysis, Working Paper 2005-07 (Department of Finance , Canada), June 2005.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Deussing, M.-A. (2003), “An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Public Health Spending and Self-Assessed Health Status: An Ordered Probit Model.†M.A. Major Paper, Department of Economics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Durlauf, S.P and Temple J. (2005), Growth Econometrics chapter 8 in Aghion p and Durlant S.N (Eds) Handbook of Economic Growth, Vol 1A, North-Holland: Amsterdam, 555-677.
Easterly, W and Levine, R (1997), “Africa’s Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions,†The Quarterly Journal of Economics 112: 1203.
- ECA (2007), Accelerating Africa’s Growth and Development to meet the MDGs: Emerging Challenges and the way forward: An Issues paper, E/ECA/COE/26/6, Economic Commission for Africa, 1 March 2007.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Elola, J., A. Daponte, V. Navarro (1995), “Health indicators and the organisation of healthcare systems in Western Europeâ€, American Journal of Public Health, 85(10), pp. 13971401.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Filmer D. (2003), “The Incidence of Public Expenditure on Health and Educationâ€, The World Bank, Washington DC.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Filmer, D and Pritchett L. (1999), “The Impact of Public Spending on Health: Does Money Matter, Social Science and Medicine 49(10): 1309-23.
Filmer, D., J. Hammer and L. Pritchett (2000), Weak links in the chain: A diagnosis of health policy in developing countries, World Bank Research Observer, 15(2), August, 199-224.
Filmer, Deon and Lant Pritchett (1997), “Child Mortality and Public Spending on Health: How Much Does Money Matter?â€, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 1864 (Washington: World Bank).
Filmer, Deon, Jeffrey Hammer, and Lant Pritchett, 1998, “Health Policy in Poor Countries: Weak Links in the Chain,†World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 1874 (Washington: World Bank).
Forbes, John F. and Alan McGregor (1984), “Unemployment and Mortality in Post-War Scotland,†Journal of Health Economics, 3, 239-257.
Gerdtham, U.-G., and B. Jönsson (2000), “International Comparisons of Health Expenditure: Theory, Data and Econometric Analysisâ€, In A. J. Culyer and J. P. Newhouse, eds., Handbook of Health Economics, Vol. 1A. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 11-53.
Geweke, John, Gautam Gowrisankaran, and Robert J. Town (2003), “Bayesian Inference for Hospital Quality in a Selection Modelâ€, Econometrica, 71(4), 1215-1238.
- Glied, S and Lieras-Muney A (2003), “Health Inequality, Education and medical Innovationâ€, NBER, working paper No 9738.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Goldman, D.P and Smith J.P. (2002), “can patient self-management help explain the ses health gradientâ€, proceedings of the National Academy of sciences, 99 (16), 10929-10934, August.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Gottret P and Schieber G. (2006), “Health Financing Revisited: A practioner’s Guide, “The World Bank, Washington, D.C. Grubaugh, Stephen G., and Rexford E. Santerre, (1994,) “Comparing the Performance if Health Care Systems: An Alternative Approach,†Southern Economic Journal, 60(4), 10301042.
- Gubhaju, B.B. (1985), "The Effect of Previous Child Death on Infant and Child Mortality in Rural Nepal", Studies in Family Planning 16(4): 231-236.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Gupta S, Verhoeven M and Tiongson E. (1999), “Does Higher Government Spending Buy Better Results in Education and Health Care?â€, IMF, Washington D.C, Working paper 99/21.
- Gupta S, Verhoeven, M and Tiogson E (2001), “Public Spending on Health Care and the Poorâ€, IMF Working Paper, Fiscal Affairs Department.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Gupta, Sanjeev, Marijn Verhoeven, and Erwin Tiongson (2002), “The Effectiveness of Government Spending on Education and Health Care in Developing and Transition Economiesâ€, European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 717–37.
Gupta, Sanjeev, Marijn Verhoeven, and Erwin Tiongson (2003), “Public Spending on Health Care and the Poor,†Health Economics, Vol. 12, pp. 685–96.
Gyimah-Brempong, Kwabena, and Mark Wilson (2004), “Health Human Capital andEconomic Growth in Sub-Saharan African and OECD Countries,†The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 296–320.
- Haine, M.R.; Avery, R.C (1982), “Differential infant and child mortality in Costa Rica: 19681973 â€, Population Studies, Vol. 36 (1), pp:31-43 Hamner, L Lensink, R and White H. (2003), “Infant and Child Mortality in Developing Countries: Analyzing the Data for Robust Determinantsâ€, Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 40, No1, 101-118.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Harttgen, K and Misselhorn, M (2006), A Multilevel Approach to Explain Child Mortality and Undernutrition in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa Ibero America Institute for Econ. Research (IAI) Discussion Papers, September.
- Hill, K. (1985) “The Pace of Mortality Decline since 1950†in Da Vanzo, Habicht, Hill and Preston, Quantitative Studies of Mortality Decline in the Developing World (World Bank Staff Working Papers Number 683, Population and Development Series Number 8), The World Bank, Washington, D.C. 1985.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Hitiris, T. and J. Posnett (1992), “The determinants and effects of health expenditure in developed countriesâ€, Journal of Health Economics, 11, pp. 173-181.
- Hobcraft, J.N.; McDonald, J. W.; Rutstein, S.O. (1984), “Socio-economic factors in infant and child mortality: A cross sectional comparisonâ€, Population Studies, Vol. 38 (2), pp:193223.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Hojman, David E. (1996), “Economic and other Determinants of Infant and Child Mortality in Small Developing Countries: The Case of Central America and the Caribbeanâ€, Applied Economics, Vol. 28, pp. 281–90.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Issa, H and Ouattara, B (2005), “The Effect of Private and Public Health on Infant Mortality Rates: Does the Level of Development Matters?â€, May 2005..
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Kebeke, B. (2003), “Decomposition of Household Expenditure and Child Welfare in Rural Ethiopia: Centre for the Study of African, Economics, CSAE WPS/2003-09.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Kee, G.-S. (2001), “An Empirical Analysis of Canadian Public Health Care Spending and Health: 1975 to 1996.†Master’s Thesis, Calgary, University of Calgary.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Kim, K., and Moody, P.M. (1992), “More Resources, Better Health? A Cross-National Perspective,†Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 34, pp. 837–42.
Klasen, S (2006), Poverty, Under-nutrition, and Child Mortality: Some Inter-Regional Puzzles and their Implications for Research and Policy, Ibero America Institute for Econ. Research (IAI) Discussion Papers, December.
- Leu, R.E. (1986), "The public-private mix and international health care costâ€, in Public and Private Health Services, A.J. Culyer et B. Jonsson (eds.) B. Blackwell, pp. 41-63.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Lopes, P. S (2002), A Comparative analysis of Government Social spending: Indicators and their Correlation with Social Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa, IMF Working Papers, WP/02/176, October.
Lucas, Robert E. Jr. (1988), “On the Mechanic of Economic Developmentâ€, Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 22, pp. 3–42.
- Madise, N. J., Z. Matthews et al. 1999. "Heterogeneity of Child Nutritional Status between Households: A Comparison of Six Sub-Saharan African Countries.", Population Studies, 53(3): 331-43.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Magadi, M.A. (1997), "Status of women and infant/child health in Kenya with particular reference to the high mortality zone in Nyaza Province." UAPS Study Report.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Mankiw, Gregory N., David Romer, and David N. Weil (1992), “A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growthâ€, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 107, pp. 407– 37.
- Matuszeski, J. and Scheider, F (2006), Patterns of Ethnic group Segregation and Civil Conflict, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER).
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Mazumder, B (2007), “ How Did Schooling laws Improve Long-Term Health and Lower Mortalityâ€, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Working Paper Series, WP-06-03.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Mcclellan, M and Noguchi H (1998), “Technological change in Heart-Disease Treatment: Does High Tech Mean Low Valueâ€, American Economic Review Paper and Proceedings, 88, 90-96.
Meara, E (2001), “Why is Health Related to Socioeconomic Status: The Case of Pregnancy and Low Birth Rateâ€, NBER Working Paper No W8231.
Musgrove, P (1996), “Public and Private Roles in Health,†Technical Report 339, World Bank Washington, D.C. Nixon, J and Ulmann, P (2006), “The Relationship Between Health Care Expenditure and Health Outcomesâ€, European Journal of Health economics, 7, 7-18.
- Nolte, J and Mckee, M (2004), “Does Health Care Save Lives� , The Nuffield Trust, London, 58.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Or, Z (2001), Exploring the Effects of Health Care on Mortality Across OECD Countries, OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers 46, OECD Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs.
- Or, Z. (2000a), “Exploring the Effects of Health Care on Mortality across OECD Countries†Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional- Papers No. 46, Paris, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Or, Z. (2000b), “Determinants of Health Outcomes in Industrialised Countries: A Pooled, Cross-Country, Time-Series Analysis.†OECD Economic Studies: No. 30, 2000/1, Paris, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Paxson, C and Schady, N (2005), “Child Health and Economic Crisis in Peruâ€, World Bank Economic Review, 19 (2), 203-223.
- Preston, S.A. (1975), “The Changing Relation between Mortality and Level of Economic Development†Population Studies. 29(2):2231-2248.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Preston, S.A. (1985), “Mortality and Development Revisited†in Da Vanzo, Habicht, Hill and Preston, Quantitative Studies of Mortality Decline in the Developing World (World Bank Staff Working Papers Number 683, Population and Development Series Number 8), The World Bank, Washington, D.C. 1985.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Prirchett, L. and Summers, L. H. (1996), “Wealthier is Healthierâ€, Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 31, No. 4, 841-868.
Ranson, M. K., K. Hanson, V. Oliviera-Cruz, and A. Mills (2003), “Constraints to Expanding Access to Health Interventions: An Empirical Analysis and Country Typology†,Journal of International Development 15:15-39.
Ravallion, Martin, and Shaohua Chen (1997), “What Can New Survey Data Tell Us About Recent Changes in Distribution and Poverty?â€, World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 357–82.
Ricci, T. F. and Zachariadis M. (2006), “Determinants of Public Health Outcomes: A Macroeconomic Perspectiveâ€, June 2006.
- Roberts R. (2003), Poverty Reduction Outcomes in Education and Health Public Expenditure and Aid, Working Paper 210, Centre for Aid and Public Expenditure, Overseas Development Institute, London, April.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Robst, John, (2001) “A Note on the Relationship between Medical Care Resources and Mortality,†Applied Economic Letters, 8, 737-739.
Robst, John, and Glenn G. Graham, (1997) “Access to Health Care and Current Health Status: Do physiciansMatter?,†Applied Economic Letters, 4, 45-48.
Romer, Paul (1986), “Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth,†Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 94, No. 5, pp. 1002–37.
- Sachs, J. D. (2004), “Health in the Developing World: Achieving the Millennium Development Goalsâ€, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82 (12): 947-49.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Sandiford, P. ; Cassel, J.; Montenegro, M.; Sanchez, G. (1995), “The impact of women’s literacy on child health and its interaction with access to health servicesâ€, Population studies, Vol. 49 (1), pp:5-17 Sastry, N. (1996), "Community Characteristics, Individual and Household Attributes, and Child Survival in Brazil" Demography, 33(2): 211-229.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Sastry, N. (1997), "Family-level Clustering of Childhood Mortality Risk in Northeast Brazil" Population Studies 51: 245-261.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Savdeoff, W. D (2004), “Find Our What Works to Achieve the MDGsâ€, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82 (12): 950-1.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Schuler, D and Weisbrod, J (2006), Ethnic Fractionalization, Migration and Growth, IberoAmerica Institute for Economic Research Discussion Papers Nr. 148.
Schultz, T. Paul (1993), “Mortality Decline in the Low-Income World: Causes and Consequences,†Economic Growth Center Discussion Paper No. 681 (New Haven: Yale University).
Schultz, T. Paul (1999), “Health and Schooling Investments in Africa,†Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 67–88.
- Sen, Amartya (1999), Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Ssewanyana, S and Younger, S. D. (2004), “Infant Mortality in Ugandu: Determinants, Trends and the Millennium Development Goals†African Development and Poverty Reduction: The Macro-linkage, Forum Paper, October.
- St. Leger, S. (2001), “The Anomaly that Finally Went. Away,†Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 55, 79.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Tandon, A. (2005), Attaining Millennium Development Goals in Health: Is n’t Economic Growth Enough?â€, ERD Policy Brief Series No. 35, Asian Development Bank, March.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Temple, J.R.W (1999), “The New growth Evidenceâ€, Journal of Economic Literature, March, 37 (1), 112-156.
- The Tribune (2002), Reducing the infant mortality rate: A big challenge, Perspective feature on the Editorial Page, Sunday, 16 June, Chandigarh, India.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Thomas, D. (1990), "Intra-household Resource Allocation: An Inferential Approach", Journal of Human Resources 25(4): 635-64.
UNDP (2003), Millennium Development Goals: A Compact Among Nations to End Human Poverty. United Nations Development Programme, New York.
- UNICEF (2007), Child deaths fall below 10 million for the first time, Press Release, 13 September 2007.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Wagstaff, A and Cleason M. (2004), “The Millennium Development Goals for Health: Rising to the challengeâ€, Washington, D.C. World Bank.
Wang, L (2002), Health Outcomes in Poor Countries and Policy Options: Empirical Findings from Demographic and Health Surveys, World bank Policy Research Working paper No. 2831, April.
- WHO, WHOSIS (WHO Statistical Information System: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat2007/en/index.html World Bank. (1993), World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health. Oxford University Press: New York, NY.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- World Bank (2005), Global Monitoring Report 2005. New York: Oxford University Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- World Bank (2007), Global Monitoring Report 2007. New York: Oxford University Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
World Bank (2007), World Development Report 2007, Washington, DC.
- World Bank, 2004, Attaining the Millennium Development Unit, South Asia Region, World Bank: Washington D.C, 45-50.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Young, F. W. (2001), An explanation of the persistent doctor-mortality association. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 55, 80-84.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Zakir, M and Wunnava, P. V. (1999), “Factors Affecting Infant Mortality Rates: Evidence from Cross-sectional Data†Applied Economics Letters, 6, 271-273. APPENDIX List of Countries Included in the Sample used in the Estimations The countries included in the estimations are Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.