- A The South African context In 1999, Statistics South Africa, together with the International Labor organization (ILO), conducted the ï¬rst national survey of child labor [the Survey of Activities of Young People (SAYP)].
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- Different social policies have been implemented in South Africa since the end of the Apartheid, to reduce poverty, like the Old Age Grant (Bertrand, Mullainathan, & Miller, 2003; Edmonds, 2006), the Child Support Grant and the Foster Care Grant – in particular for children in households affected by HIV/AIDS. The Child Support Grant is emphasized in the Child Labour Action Programme (CLAP, 2003). It provides a small conditionnal grant (of R 240 a month in 2009) for children between 6 and 15, in order to reduce poverty and the number of children engaged in work activities. In 2001, an unemployment insurance system was also established (South African Department of Labour, 2001).
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- Since 1997, child labor in South Africa is prohibited by law (Basic Conditions of Employment Act of 1997). While the ban was obviously not completely effective in 1999, it is likely that child labor observed in the 1999 survey is already tainted by its implementation. In 2000, South Africa ratiï¬ed both ILO Conventions C138 (Minimum Age for Employment) and C182 (Worst Forms of Child Labor).
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- The aggregate statistics suggest a signiï¬cant incidence of child labor. According to the SAYP (1999) and CLAP (2003), in 1999, 45% of children were engaged in some form of child labor. These statistics are computed for children 5-17 and for a minimum of one hour of work per week. About 15.5% of children in this age group were working more than twelve hours a week. If we limit ourselves to children 5-14, as is more common in child labor studies, the incidence of child labor is 6.8% for the three-hour minimum, and to 2.5% for twelve hours or more.
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