- Abdel‐Khalek, G., Mazloum, M. G., & El Zeiny, M. R. M. (2020). Military expenditure and economic growth: The case of India. Review of Economics and Political Science, 5(2), 116–135.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Adam, A., Garas, A., Katsaiti, M. S., & Lapatinas, A. (2023). Economic complexity and jobs: An empirical analysis. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 32(1), 25–52.
- Agu, C., Mbah, A. J., & Agu, C. S. (2023). Investigating the economic consequence of terrorism in sub‐Saharan. Africa: Evidence from a dynamic panel model. Statistics, Politics and Policy, 14(2), 125–149.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Akinci, M., Yuce Akinci, G., & Yilmaz, O. (2014). Terrorism inflation and economic effects on growth: Panel two‐step least squares method. International Journal of Security and Terrorism, 5(1), 1–24.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Albeaik, S., Kaltenberg, M., Alsaleh, M., & Hidalgo, C. A. (2017). Measuring the knowledge intensity of economies with an improved measure of economic complexity. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318559994_Measuring_the_Knowledge_Intensity_of_Economies_with_an_Improved_Measure_of_Economic_Complexity.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Ali, H., Wang, Q., Ullah, I., & Ali, Z. (2017). How terrorism affects foreign direct investment in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(3), 625–631.
Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equation. The Review of Economic Studies, 58, 277–297.
Arellano, M., & Bover, O. (1995). Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error‐components models. Journal of Econometrics, 68, 29–51.
- Arouri, M. E. H., Youssef, A. B., Nguyen‐Viet, C., & Soucat, A. (2016). Effects of urbanization on economic growth and human capital formation in Africa (Program on the Global Demography of Aging [PGDA] Working Paper 11914).
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Asongu, S. A., le Roux, S., & Biekpe, N. (2017). Environmental degradation, ICT and inclusive development in sub‐Saharan Africa. Energy Policy, 111, 353–361.
- Asongu, S., & Odhiambo, N. (2020). Inequality and the economic participation of women in sub‐Saharan Africa: An empirical investigation. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 11(2), 193–206.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Aziz, N., & Khalid, U. (2017). Armed conflict, military expenses and FDI inflow to developing countries. Defence and Peace Economics, 30(2), 238–251.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Bashir, S., Zafar, M. W., Talib, M. N. A., Nawaz, Z., & Fatima, M. (2022). Impact of terrorism on economic development of South Asian economies. In J. Xu, F. Altiparmak, M. H. A. Hassan, F. P. García Márquez, & A. Hajiyev (Eds.), Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management (Vol. 2, pp. 536–551). Lecture notes on data engineering and communications technologies (Vol. 145). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10385-8_38.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Bayrakdar, R., Kocan, J., & Perez, E. E. (2021). Africa file: Al Qaeda's Sahel branch escalates attacks. Accessed January 3, 2024. Available at: https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/africa-file/africa-file-al-qaedas-sahel-branch-escalates-attacks.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Bezic, H., Galovic, T., & Misevic, P. (2016). The impact of terrorism on the FDI of the EU and EEA countries. Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta Rijeka, 34(2), 333–362.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), 115–143.
Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (2000). GMM estimation with persistent panel data: An application to production function. Econometric Reviews, 19, 321–340.
- Boly, A., & Kéré, E. N. (2023). Terrorism and military expenditure in Africa: An analysis of spillover effects (African Development Bank Group Working Paper Series, No. 368).
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Caggiano, G., Castelnuovo, E., & Kima, R. (2020). The global effects of Covid‐19‐induced uncertainty. Economics Letters, 194, 109392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109392.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Carril‐Caccia, F., Milgram‐Baleix, J., & Paniagua, J. (2022). Does terrorism affect foreign greenfield investments. Defence and Peace Economics, 2, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2022.2067812.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Central Bank of Nigeria. (2022). 2022 Statistical bulletin. Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Department.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Çinar, M. (2017). The effects of terrorism on economic growth: Panel data approach. Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis za ekonomsku teoriju i praksu, 35(1), 97–131.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Collier, P. (2006). War and military expenditure in developing countries and their consequences for development. Economics of Peace and Security Journal, 1(1), 9–13.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Crain, N. V., & Crain, W. M. (2006). Terrorized Economies. Public Choice, 128, 317–349.
- D'Agoôt, M. (2022). Toward stable civil‐military relations in Sudan. Middle East Policy, 29(4), 107–120.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Davis, S. J. (2016). An index of global economic policy uncertainty (Working Paper 22740, NBER Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w22740.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Dramane, A. (2022). The nexus between military spending, tax revenues and economic growth in the G5 Sahel countries. African Journal of Economic Review, 10(2), 56–72.
- Ekeocha, D. O., Ogbuabor, J. E., & Orji, A. (2021). Public infrastructural development and economic performance in Africa: A new evidence from panel data analysis. Economic Change and Restructuring, 55(2), 931–950.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Ekeocha, D. O., Ogbuabor, J. E., Ogbonna, O. E., & Orji, A. (2023). Economic policy uncertainty, governance institutions and economic performance in Africa: Are there regional differences? Economic Change and Restructuring, 56(3), 1367–1431.
- Emmanouilidis, K., & Karpetis, C. (2021). The effects of military expenditures on economic growth and inflation: Evidence from Turkey. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 27(3), 369–404.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Fambeu, A. H., Mbondo, G. D., & Yomi, P. T. (2022). Bigger or better? The effect of public spending on happiness in Africa. African Development Review, 34(4), 487–499.
Filer, R. K., & Stanišić, D. (2016). The effect of terrorist incidents on capital flows. Review of Development Economics, 20(2), 502–513.
- Frees, E. W. (1995). Assessing cross‐sectional correlation in panel data. Journal of Econometrics, 69(2), 393–414.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Friedman, M. (1937). The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32(200), 675–701.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Gulen, H., & Ion, M. (2016). Policy uncertainty and corporate investment. The Review of Financial Studies, 29(3), 523–564.
Guo, S., & An, J. (2022). Does terrorism make people pessimistic? Evidence from a natural experiment. Journal of Development Economics, 155, 102817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2022.102817.
Hansen, L. P. (1982). Large sample properties of generalized method of moments estimators. Econometrica, 50(4), 1029–1054.
- Hausman, R., Hidalgo, C. A., Bustos, S., Coscia, M., Simoes, A., & Yildirim, M. A. (2011). The atlas of economic complexity: Mapping paths to prosperity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Center for International Development.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Hidalgo, C. A., & Hausmann, R. (2009). The building blocks of economic complexity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(26), 10570–10575.
- Hyder, S., Akram, N., & Padda, I. (2015). Impact of terrorism on economic development in Pakistan. Pakistan Business Review, 16(4), 704–722.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Iheonu, C. O., & Ichoku, H. E. (2022). Terrorism and investment in Africa: Exploring the role of military expenditure. Economics and Business Review, 8(2), 92–112.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Iheonu, C. O., & Ichoku, H. E. (2023). Terrorism and economic growth in Africa: Understanding the role of military expenditure. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 15(4), 448–462.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP). (2022). Global terrorism index (GTI). Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP).
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Kamguia, B., Ndjakwa, M., & Tadadjeu, S. (2023). Does infrastructural development foster export upgrading in Africa? African Development Review, 35(1), 79–94.
Kang, W., Ratti, R. A., & Vespignani, J. (2020). Impact of global uncertainty on the global economy and large developed and developing economies. Applied Economics, 52(22), 2392–2407.
Kechagia, P., & Metaxas, T. (2017). FDI and terrorism in the developing Asian countries (MPRA Paper No. 80945).
- Khan, S. A. R., & Yu, Z. (2020). Terrorism and developing countries. IntechOpen.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Kinyanjui, S. (2014). The impact of terrorism on foreign direct investment in Kenya. International Journal of Business Administration, 5(3), 148.
Kohnert, D. (2022). The impact of Islamist terrorism on Africa's informal economy: Kenya, compared with Ghana and Senegal (MPRA 113603). University Library of Munich.
Lo, S. B., & Cissokho, L. (2023). Financial development, institutions and industrialization in sub‐Saharan Africa. African Development Review, 35(2), 152–164.
Maher, M., & Zhao, Y. (2022). Do political instability and military expenditure undermine economic growth in Egypt? Evidence from the ARDL approach. Defence and Peace Economics, 33(8), 956–979.
Masinde, B. K., Buigut, S., & Mung'atu, J. K. (2016). Modelling the temporal effect of terrorism on tourism in Kenya. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8, 10–20.
- Mathiyalagan, Y., & Padli, J. (2022). Impacts of terrorism on economic growth and foreign direct investment in developing Asian countries: Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines. International Journal of Finance, Economics and Business, 1(1), 57–66.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Mehmood, S., & Mehmood, B. (2016). Hampering effect of terrorism on investment: The South Asian perspective. Science International, 28(2), 1475–1479.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Meierrieks, D., & Gries, T. (2012). Economic performance and terrorist activity in Latin America. Defence and Peace Economics, 23(5), 447–470.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Mumtaz, H., & Musso, A. (2021). The evolving impact of global, region‐specific, and country‐specific uncertainty. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 39(2), 466–481.
Nabin, M. H., Chowdhury, M. T. H., Bhattacharya, S., & Sgro, P. M. (2022). Terrorism and uneven economic development. Economic Modelling, 113, 105870.
- Ndiaya, C., & Lv, K. (2018). Role of industrialization on economic growth: The experience of Senegal (1960–2017). American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 08(10), 2072–2085.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Neszmélyi, G. I., Hrabovszki, D., & Hrabovszki, Á. Z. (2023). Terrorism on the rise—What can WCA countries do to combat difficulties with international trade? Afrika Tanulmányok/Hungarian Journal of African Studies, 16(3), 33–46.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Neumayer, E., & Plümper, T. (2016). Spatial spill‐overs from terrorism on tourism: Western victims in Islamic destination countries. Public Choice, 169(3–4), 195–206.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Nguea, S. M., Fotio, H. K., & Baida, L. A. (2022). Investigating the effects of globalization on economic sophistication in selected African countries. African Development Review, 34(3), 324–338.
- Nowrasteh, A. (2023). Terrorism and immigration: A risk analysis, 1975–2022 (CATO Policy Analysis, Number 958).
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Ogbonna, O. E., Ogbuabor, J. E., Eze, A. A., & Ugwuoke, W. O. (2021). Moderating effect of institutional quality on relationship between foreign aid and economic growth in Africa. Politická Ekonomie, 69(4), 457–478.
Ogbonna, O. E., Ogbuabor, J. E., Manasseh, C. O., & Ekeocha, D. O. (2022). Global uncertainty, economic governance institutions and foreign direct investment inflow in Africa. Economic Change and Restructuring, 55(4), 2111–2136.
- Ogbuabor, J. E., Emeka, E. T., & Nwosu, E. O. (2023b). Effects of terrorism and economic policy uncertainty on economic complexity in Africa: A study of the moderating role of governance institutions. South African Journal of Economics, 91(4), 528–557.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Ogbuabor, J. E., Emeka, E. T., Orji, A., & Onuigbo, F. N. (2023a). The effects of international financial inflows on economic complexity in Africa: Does institutional quality play a moderation role? Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 26(4), 348–369.
Olasehinde‐Williams, G., & Oshodi, A. F. (2021). Can Africa raise export competitiveness through economic complexity? Evidence from (non)‐parametric panel techniques. African Development Review, 33(3), 426–438.
- Oukhallou, Y. (2019). Military expenditure and economic development (MPRA Working Paper Series No. 98352). http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/98352.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Pesaran, M. H. (2021). General diagnostic tests for cross‐sectional dependence in panels. Empirical Economics, 60(1), 13–50.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Posma, S. (2021). The effect of defense spending on private investment in Indonesia based on historical data for the period 1981‒2010. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(4), 7094–7102.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Raifu, I. A., Obijole, E. O., & Nnadozie, O. O. (2022). The role of institutional quality in military spending and unemployment nexus in Nigeria. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 28(2), 155–194.
- Saba, C. S., & Ngepah, N. (2019). Empirical analysis of military expenditure and industrialisation nexus: A regional approach for Africa. International Economic Journal, 34(1), 58–84.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Sahinoz, S., & Erdogan Cosar, E. (2018). Economic policy uncertainty and economic activity in Turkey. Applied Economics Letters, 25(21), 1517–1520.
Sekrafi, H., Abid, M., & Assidi, S. (2021). The impact of terrorism on formal and informal economy in African countries. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 26(1), 1163–1180.
Siddique, H., Liaqat, R., & Ullah, K. (2017). Impact of terrorism on investment: Evidence from Pakistan. Bulletin of Business and Economics, 6(4), 195–199.
- Solar, C. (2022). Thinking beyond averages: Quantile regression modelling and military expenditure. Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique, 155(1), 82–105.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2021). World investment report 2021: Investing in sustainable recovery.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2019). Measuring the economic impact of violent extremism leading to terrorism in Africa.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Vu, T. V. (2022). Does institutional quality foster economic complexity? The fundamental drivers of productive capabilities. Empirical Economics, 63(3), 1571–1604.
Windmeijer, F. (2005). A finite sample correction for the variance of linear efficient two‐step GMM estimators. Journal of Econometrics, 126(1), 25–51.
- World Bank. (2023a). World development indicators. World Bank Group. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worlddevelopment-indicators.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- World Bank. (2023b). World governance indicators. World Bank Group. https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/worldwide-governance-indicators.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Zakaria, M., Jun, W., & Ahmed, H. (2019). Effect of terrorism on economic growth in Pakistan: An empirical analysis. Economic Research‐Ekonomska istraživanja, 32(1), 1794–1812.