create a website

Can income inequality promote democratization?. (2020). Sánchez Carrera, Edgar ; Policardo, Laura ; Sanchez, Edgar J.
In: Metroeconomica.
RePEc:bla:metroe:v:71:y:2020:i:3:p:510-532.

Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

Cited: 2

Citations received by this document

Cites: 67

References cited by this document

Cocites: 50

Documents which have cited the same bibliography

Coauthors: 0

Authors who have wrote about the same topic

Citations

Citations received by this document

  1. Wealth inequality and democracy. (2023). Bagchi, Sutirtha ; Fagerstrom, Matthew J.
    In: Public Choice.
    RePEc:kap:pubcho:v:197:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1007_s11127-023-01082-9.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  2. Oil rent and the quality of institutions in Sub-Saharan African countries: Evidence using the dynamic panel threshold model. (2021). Helgath, Bybert Moudjare.
    In: Review of Socio - Economic Perspectives.
    RePEc:aly:journl:202192.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

References

References cited by this document

  1. Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2000). Why did the west extend the franchise? Democracy, inequality and growth in historical perspective. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1167–1199.

  2. Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2001). A theory of political transitions. American Economic Review, 91, 938–963.

  3. Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2002). The political economy of the Kuznets curve. Review of Development Economics, 6(2), 183–203.

  4. Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2006). Economic origins of dictatorship and democracy. Cambridge University Press.

  5. Acemoglu, D., Naidu, S., Restrepo, P., & Robinson, J. (2015). Democracy, redistribution and inequality. Handbook in income distribution (Vol. 2B, pp. 1885–1966).
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  6. Acemoglu, D., Robinson, J. A., & Verdier, T. (2004). Alfred Marshall lecture: Kleptocracy and divide‐and‐rule: A model of personal rule. Journal of the European Economic Association, 162–192.

  7. Andersen, E. B. (1970). Asymptotic properties of conditional maximum likelihood estimators. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B., 32, 283–301.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  8. Ansell, B., & Samuels, D. (2010). Inequality and democratization: A contractarian approach. Comparative Political Studies, 20(10), 1–32.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  9. Barro, R. J. (1999). Determinants of democracy. Journal of Political Economy, 107(6), 158–183.

  10. Barro, R. J., & Lee, J.‐W. (2010). A new data set of educational attainment in the world, 1950–2010 (NBER Working Paper No. 15902).

  11. Basmann, R. L. (1960). On finite sample distributions of generalized classical linear identifiability test statistics. Journal of the American Statisical Association, 55(292), 650–59.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  12. Boix, C. (2003). Democracy and redistribution. Cambridge University Press.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  13. Boix, C. (2011). Democracy, development and the international System. American Political Science Review, 105(4), 809–828.

  14. Boix, C., & Stokes, S. C. (2003). Endogenous democratization. World politics, 55(04), 517–549.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  15. Bollen, K. A., & Jackman, R. W. (1985). Political democracy and the size distribution of income. American Sociological Review, 50(4), 438–457.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  16. Bossert, W. (1990). An axiomatization of the single‐series Ginis. Journal Economics Theory, 50, 82–92.

  17. Bourguignon, F., & Verdier, T. (2000). Oligarchy, democracy, inequality and growth. Journal of Development Economics, 62(2), 285–313.

  18. Burkhart, R. E. (1997). Comparative democracy and income distribution: Shape and direction of the causal arrow. Journal of Politics, 59(1), 148–164.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  19. Chamberlain, G. (1980). Analysis of covariance with qualitative data. Review of Economic Studies, 47, 225–238.

  20. Cheibub, J. A., Gandhi, J., & Vreeland, J. R. (2010). Democracy and dictatorship revisited. Public Choice, 143(2–1), 67–101.

  21. Chinn, M. D., & Ito, H. (2006). What matters for financial development? Capital controls, institutions, and interactions. Journal of Development Economics, 81(1), 163–192.

  22. Cincotta, R. P. (2008). How democracies grow up. Foreign Policy, 165, 80–82.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  23. Cincotta, R. P., & Doces, J. (2012). The age‐structural maturity hypothesis: The youth Bulge's influence on the advent and stability of liberal democracies. In J. A. Goldstone, E. Kaufmann, & M. D. Toft (Eds.), Political demography: How population changes are reshaping security and National politics (pp. 98–116). Bakingstoke and New York, NY: Palgrave–MacMillan.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  24. Collier, P., & Hoeffler, A. (1998). On economic causes of civil war. Oxford Economic Papers, 50(4), 563–573.

  25. Collier, R. B. (1999). Paths towards democracy: The working class and elites in Western Europe and South America. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  26. Dahl, R. (1971). Polyarchy: Participation and opposition. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  27. Donaldson, D., & Weymark, J. A. (1980). A single‐parameter generalization of the Gini indices of inequality. Journal of Economic Theory, 22, 67–86.

  28. Epstein, D., Bates, R. H., Goldstone, J., Kristensen, I., & O’Halloran, S. (2006). Democratic transitions. American Journal of Political Science, 50(3), 551–569.

  29. Feenstra, R. C., Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. P. (2015). The next generation of the Penn World Table. American Economic Review.Retrieved from www.ggdc.net/pwt.

  30. Freeman, J. R., & Quinn, D. P. (2012). The economic origins of democracy reconsidered. American Political Science Review, 106, 58–80.

  31. Glaeser, E. L., Ponzetto, G., & Shleifer, A. (2007). Why does democracy need education? Journal of Economic Growth, 12(2), 77–99.

  32. Greene, W. H. (2012). Econometric analysis (7th ed.). Prentice Hall.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  33. Hafner‐Burton, E. M. (2009). Forced to be good: Why trade agreements boost human rights. Cornell University Press.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  34. Hirschman, A. O. (1981). Essays in trespassing: Economics to politics and beyond. Cambridge University Press.

  35. Horrace, W. C., & Oaxaca, R. L. (2006). Results of the bias and inconsistency of ordinary least squares for the linear probability model. Economics Letters, 90(3), 321–327.

  36. Houle, C. (2009). Inequality and democracy: Why inequality harms consolidation but does not affect democratization. World Politics, 61(4), 589–622.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  37. Huntington, S. P. (1990). The third wave: Democratization in the late twentieth century. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  38. Ille, S., Risso, A., & Sanchez Carrera, E. J. (2017). Democratization and inequality: Empirical evidence for the organisation for economic co‐operation and development member countries. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 35(6), 1098–1116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X16684521.

  39. Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2005). Modernization, cultural change, and democracy: The human development sequence. Cambridge University Press.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  40. Jacobs, J. (1969). The economy of cities. Vintage book editions. New York, NY: A division of Random House.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  41. Lancaster, T. (2000). The incidental parameters problem since 1948. Journal of Econometrics, 95(2), 391–414.

  42. Lee, C.‐S. (2005). Income inequality, democracy and public sector size. American Sociological Review, 70(1), 158–181.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  43. Lipset, S. M. (1959). Some social requisites of democracy: Economic development and political legitimacy. American Political Science Review, 53, 69–105.

  44. Llavador, H., & Oxoby, R. J. (2005). Partisan competition, growth, and the franchise. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(3), 1155–1192.

  45. Lucas, R. E. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3–42.

  46. Lutz, W., Cuaresima, J., & Abbasi‐Shavasi, M. (2010). Demography, education and democracy: Global trends and the case of Iran. Population and Development Review, 36(2), 253–281.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  47. Meltzern, A. H., & Richard, S. C. (1981). A rational theory of the size of government. Journal of Political Economy, 89(5), 914–927.

  48. Minier, J. A. (2001). Is democracy a normal good? Evidence from democratic movements. Southern Economic Journal, 67(4), 996–1009.

  49. Papaioannou, E., & Siourounis, G. (2008a). Democratisation and growth. Economic Journal, 118(532), 1520–1551.

  50. Papaioannou, E., & Siourounis, G. (2008b). Economic and social factors driving the third wave of democratization. Journal of Comparative Economics, 36(3), 365–387.

  51. Persson, T., & Tabellini, G. (2003). The economic effects of constitutions. Munich lectures of economics: The MIT Press.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  52. Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the twenty‐first century. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer: Belknap Press.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  53. Przeworski, A., & Limongi, F. (1997). Modernization: Theories and facts. World Politics, 49(January).
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  54. Przeworski, A., Alvarez, M. E., Cheibub, J. A., & Limongi, F. (2000). Democracy and development. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

  55. Ravallion, M. (2010). Do poorer countries have less capacity for redistribution? Journal of Globalization and Development, 1(2).

  56. Reuveny, R., & Li, Q. (2003). Economic openness, democracy and income inequality: And empirical analysis. Comparative Political Studies, 36(5), 575–601.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  57. Rodrik, D. (1999). Democracies pay higher wages. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(3), 707–738.

  58. Roodman, D. (2009). A note on the theme of too many instruments. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 71(1), 135–158.

  59. Ross, M. (2001). Does oil hinder democracy? World Politics, 53, 325–361.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  60. Sachs, J. D., & Warner, A. M. (1995). Natural resource abundance and economic growth (NBER Working paper No. 5398).

  61. Sargan, J. D. (1958). The estimation of economic relationships using instrumental variables. Econometrica, 26, 393–415.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  62. Solt, F. (2011). Standardizing the world income inequality database. Social Science Quarterly, 90(2), 231–242.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  63. Teorell, J., Dahlberg, S., Holmberg, S., Rothstein, B., Pachon, N. A., & Svensson, R. (2017). The quality of government standard dataset, version Jan 17. University of Gothenburg, The Quality of Government Institute.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  64. Weymark, J. A. (1981). Generalized Gini inequality indices. Mathemathical Social Sciences, 1, 409–430.

  65. Wilson, B., & Dyson, T. (2017). Democracy and the democratic transition. Democratization, 24(4), 594–612.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  66. Wooldridge, J. M. (2002). Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. The MIT Press.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  67. Ziblatt, D. (2006). How did Europe democratize? World Politics, 58(2), 311–338.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now

Cocites

Documents in RePEc which have cited the same bibliography

  1. Democracy and self-rated health across 67 countries: A multilevel analysis. (2015). Krueger, Patrick M ; Dovel, Kathryn ; Denney, Justin T.
    In: Social Science & Medicine.
    RePEc:eee:socmed:v:143:y:2015:i:c:p:137-144.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  2. Technology Diffusion: Measurement, Causes and Consequences. (2014). Mestieri, Martí ; Comin, Diego.
    In: CEPR Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:10163.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  3. Myopia or strategic behavior? Indian regimes and the East India Company in late eighteenth century India. (2012). Swamy, Anand ; Oak, Mandar.
    In: Explorations in Economic History.
    RePEc:eee:exehis:v:49:y:2012:i:3:p:352-366.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  4. The Democratic Transition. (2011). Wacziarg, Romain ; MURTIN, Fabrice.
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:17432.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  5. The Vanishing Bequest Tax: The Comparative Evolution of Bequest Taxation in Historical Perspective. (2007). Bertocchi, Graziella.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp2578.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  6. Markov Equilibrium in Models of Dynamic Endogenous Political Institutions. (2007). Lagunoff, Roger.
    In: Levine's Bibliography.
    RePEc:cla:levrem:122247000000000876.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  7. Enfranchisement, Intra-Elite Conflict and Bargaining. (2006). Proto, Eugenio ; Ghosal, Sayantan.
    In: The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS).
    RePEc:wrk:warwec:750.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  8. The Control Of Land Rent In The Fortified Farming Town. (2006). Hartwick, John.
    In: Working Paper.
    RePEc:qed:wpaper:1096.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  9. The Age of Mass Migration: Economic and Institutional Determinants. (2006). Strozzi, Chiara ; Bertocchi, Graziella.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp2499.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  10. On the Link Between Democracy and Environment. (2006). Drosdowski, Thomas.
    In: Hannover Economic Papers (HEP).
    RePEc:han:dpaper:dp-355.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  11. Does the Liberalization of Trade Advance Gender Equality in Schooling and Health?. (2006). Schultz, T..
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:egc:wpaper:935.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  12. The Coevolution of Economic and Political Development. (2006). Huang, Fali.
    In: DEGIT Conference Papers.
    RePEc:deg:conpap:c011_066.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  13. Why did (not) the East Extend the Franchise? Democracy, Intra-Elite Conflict and Risk Sharing. (2006). Proto, Eugenio ; Ghosal, Sayantan.
    In: DEGIT Conference Papers.
    RePEc:deg:conpap:c011_032.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  14. Dynamic Stability and Reform of Political Institutions. (2006). Lagunoff, Roger.
    In: Levine's Bibliography.
    RePEc:cla:levrem:784828000000000051.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  15. CHEAP HOME GOODS AND PERSISTENT INEQUALITY. (2006). Cavalcanti, Tiago ; Alexopoulos, Joanna .
    In: Anais do XXXIV Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 34th Brazilian Economics Meeting].
    RePEc:anp:en2006:165.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  16. Dynamic Stability and Reform of Political Institutions. (2005). Lagunoff, Roger.
    In: Game Theory and Information.
    RePEc:wpa:wuwpga:0505006.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  17. Markov Equilibrium in Models of Dynamic Endogenous Political Institutions. (2005). Lagunoff, Roger.
    In: Game Theory and Information.
    RePEc:wpa:wuwpga:0501003.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  18. Economic Rights, Human Development Effort and Institutions. (2005). .
    In: Working papers.
    RePEc:uct:uconnp:2005-40.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  19. Testing Out Contractual Incompleteness: Evidence from Soccer. (2005). Comin, Diego ; Carbonell-Nicolau, Oriol.
    In: Departmental Working Papers.
    RePEc:rut:rutres:200501.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  20. Testing out Contractual Incompleteness: Evidence from Soccer. (2005). Comin, Diego ; Carbonell-Nicolau, Oriol.
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:11110.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  21. Endogenous Redistributive Cycles An Overlapping Generations Approach to Social Conflict and Cyclical Growth. (2005). Clemens, Christiane ; Heinemann, Maik.
    In: Working Paper Series in Economics.
    RePEc:lue:wpaper:5.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  22. Democracy Deficits, Inequality and Pollution. A Politico-Economic Analysis. (2005). Drosdowski, Thomas.
    In: Hannover Economic Papers (HEP).
    RePEc:han:dpaper:dp-323.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  23. Voting, Inequality, and Redistribution. (2005). Borck, Rainald.
    In: Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin.
    RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp503.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  24. Social Conflict and Gradual Political Succession: An Illustrative Model. (2005). Lagunoff, Roger ; Jack, William.
    In: Levine's Bibliography.
    RePEc:cla:levrem:784828000000000534.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  25. Das Human Kapital: A Theory of the Demise of the Class Structure. (2004). Moav, Omer ; Galor, Oded.
    In: GE, Growth, Math methods.
    RePEc:wpa:wuwpge:0410003.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  26. Why the US and not Brazil? Old Elites and the Development of a Modern Economy. (2004). Frijters, Paul ; Dulleck, Uwe.
    In: Vienna Economics Papers.
    RePEc:vie:viennp:0408.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  27. Immigration and the survival of the welfare state. (2004). Ortega, Francesc.
    In: Economics Working Papers.
    RePEc:upf:upfgen:815.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  28. Partisan competition, growth and the franchise. (2004). Oxoby, Robert ; Llavador, Humberto.
    In: Economics Working Papers.
    RePEc:upf:upfgen:730.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  29. The Political Economy of Social Exclusion with Implications for Immigration Policy. (2004). Schiff, Maurice ; Gradstein, Mark.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp1087.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  30. Dynamic Enfranchisement. (2004). Lagunoff, Roger ; Jack, William.
    In: Econometric Society 2004 North American Summer Meetings.
    RePEc:ecm:nasm04:24.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  31. The Dynamic Reform of Political Institutions. (2004). Lagunoff, Roger.
    In: Econometric Society 2004 Latin American Meetings.
    RePEc:ecm:latm04:47.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  32. Inequality, Democracy and the Emergence of Institutions. (2004). Gradstein, Mark.
    In: CEPR Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:4187.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  33. Institutions and Development: The Interaction between Trade Regime and Political System. (2004). Grossmann, Volker ; Falkinger, Josef.
    In: CESifo Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:ces:ceswps:_1279.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  34. Dynamic Enfranchisement. (2003). Lagunoff, Roger ; Jack, William.
    In: Public Economics.
    RePEc:wpa:wuwppe:0306002.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  35. Dynamic Enfranchisement. (2003). Lagunoff, Roger ; Jack, William.
    In: Wallis Working Papers.
    RePEc:roc:wallis:wp36.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  36. The Law of Primogeniture and the Transition from Landed Aristocracy to Industrial Democracy. (2003). Bertocchi, Graziella.
    In: CEPR Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:3723.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  37. Dynamic Enfranchisement. (2003). Lagunoff, Roger ; Jack, William.
    In: Levine's Bibliography.
    RePEc:cla:levrem:666156000000000030.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  38. Economic Growth, Inequality, Democratization, and the Environment. (2002). Persson, Joakim ; Eriksson, Clas.
    In: Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:hhs:fiefwp:0178.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  39. Investment in the Absence of Property Rights: The Role of Incumbency Advantages. (2002). Konrad, Kai.
    In: CESifo Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:ces:ceswps:_698.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  40. The Role of Freedom, Growth and Religion in the Taste for Revolution. (2002). Pezzini, Silvia ; MacCulloch, Robert.
    In: STICERD - Development Economics Papers - From 2008 this series has been superseded by Economic Organisation and Public Policy Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cep:stidep:36.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  41. Investment and Instability. (2001). Nugent, Jeffrey ; Campos, Nauro.
    In: Development and Comp Systems.
    RePEc:wpa:wuwpdc:0012015.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  42. Three Steps Towards More Effective Development Assistance. (2001). Hay, Simon ; Rose, Jim .
    In: Treasury Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:nzt:nztwps:01/26.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  43. Investment in the Absence of Property Rights: The Role of Incumbency Advantages. (2001). Konrad, Kai.
    In: CEPR Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:3050.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  44. What Makes a Revolution?. (2001). MacCulloch, Robert.
    In: STICERD - Development Economics Papers - From 2008 this series has been superseded by Economic Organisation and Public Policy Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cep:stidep:30.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  45. Investment and Instability. (2000). Nugent, Jeffrey ; Campos, Nauro.
    In: William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series.
    RePEc:wdi:papers:2000-337.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  46. Does Liberté = Egalité? A Survey of the Empirical Evidence on the Links between Political Democracy and Income Inequality. (2000). Milanovic, Branko ; Gradstein, Mark.
    In: CESifo Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:ces:ceswps:_261.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  47. Inequality and the Dynamics of Poverty and Growth. (1999). Elbadawi, Ibrahim A. ; Ali, Ali A..
    In: CID Working Papers.
    RePEc:wop:cidhav:32.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  48. A Theory of Political Transitions. (1999). Robinson, James ; Acemoglu, Daron.
    In: CEPR Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:2277.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  49. The Politics of Cooptation. (1999). Spagat, Michael ; Bertocchi, Graziella.
    In: CEPR Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:2156.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  50. Demokratische Beteiligung und Staatsausgaben: Die Auswirkungen des Frauenstimmrechts. (). Stutzer, Alois ; Kienast, Lukas .
    In: IEW - Working Papers.
    RePEc:zur:iewwpx:210.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

Coauthors

Authors registered in RePEc who have wrote about the same topic

Report date: 2025-10-06 00:19:49 || Missing content? Let us know

CitEc is a RePEc service, providing citation data for Economics since 2001. Last updated August, 3 2024. Contact: Jose Manuel Barrueco.