create a website

Standards and political connections: Evidence from Tunisia. (2021). Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada ; Baghdadi, Leila ; Martinez-Zarzoso, Inma ; Kruse, Hendrik W.
In: Journal of Development Economics.
RePEc:eee:deveco:v:153:y:2021:i:c:s0304387821001036.

Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

Cited: 8

Citations received by this document

Cites: 40

References cited by this document

Cocites: 50

Documents which have cited the same bibliography

Coauthors: 0

Authors who have wrote about the same topic

Citations

Citations received by this document

  1. Strategizing Enterprise Dominance in Standards Associations: The Power of Relational Capital and Market Dynamics. (2025). Bao, Hongli ; Zhang, Fan ; Du, Yushen.
    In: Journal of the Knowledge Economy.
    RePEc:spr:jknowl:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1007_s13132-024-02002-y.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  2. Are Global Value Chains Women Friendly in Developing Countries ? Evidence from Firm-Level Data. (2024). Zaki, Chahir ; Kalliny, Marize.
    In: Policy Research Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:10667.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  3. Does future design induce people to make a persistent change to sustainable food consumption?. (2024). Kotani, Koji ; Saijo, Tatsuyoshi ; Islam, Moinul ; Asma, Khatun Mst.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:kch:wpaper:sdes-2024-4.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  4. Are global value chains for sale? On business-state relations in the MENA region. (2023). Zaki, Chahir ; Aboushady, Nora.
    In: IDOS Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:zbw:diedps:282986.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  5. Trade Policy and Exporters’ Resilience : Evidence from Indonesia. (2022). ruta, michele ; Montfaucon, Angella ; Ghose, Devaki ; Calì, Massimiliano ; Lapukeni, Angella Faith .
    In: Policy Research Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:10068.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  6. High growth firms and trade linkages: Imports do matter. (2022). Cruz, Marcio ; Baghdadi, Leila ; Arouri, Hassen.
    In: Small Business Economics.
    RePEc:kap:sbusec:v:59:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1007_s11187-021-00538-w.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  7. Does the internationalisation of Chinas agri‐food standards affect export quality upgrading?—Evidence from firm‐product‐level data. (2022). Wang, Xuejun ; Zhou, Huiying ; Su, Dongmei.
    In: Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    RePEc:bla:ajarec:v:66:y:2022:i:4:p:887-911.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  8. A future design social experiment for sustainable agricultural production. (). Kotani, Koji ; Saijo, Tatsuyoshi ; Islam, Moinul ; Asma, Khatun.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:kch:wpaper:sdes-2025-3.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

References

References cited by this document

  1. Ai, C. ; Norton, E.C. Interaction terms in logit and probit models. 2003 Econom. Lett.. 80 123-129

  2. Alfò, M. ; Maruotti, A. Two-part regression models for longitudinal zero-inflated count data. 2010 Canad. J. Statist.. 38 197-216
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  3. Arouri, H. ; Baghdadi, L. ; Rijkers, B. State capture in Ben Ali’s Tunisia. 2019 En : Diwan, I. ; Malik, A. ; Atiyas, I. Crony Capitalism in the Middle East: Business and Politics from Liberalization to the Arab Spring. Oxford University Press: Oxford
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  4. Augier, P., Cadot, O., Dovis, M., 2014. NTM harmonization, profits, and productivity: Firm-level evidence from Morocco, NCCR trade regulation Working Paper 2014/24.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  5. Bacchetta, M. ; Richtering, J. ; Santana, R. How much light do WTO notifications shed on NTMs?. 2012 En : Cadot, O. ; Malouche, M. Non-Tariff Measures – A Fresh Look at Trade Policy’s New Frontier. World Bank/Centre for Economic and Policy Research: Washington, DC
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now

  6. Baghdadi, L. ; Ben Kheder, S. ; Arouri, H. Impact of nontariff measures on firms in Tunisia. 2019 Rev. Dev. Econ.. 00 1-18

  7. Baghdadi, L. ; Kruse, H.W. ; Martínez-Zarzoso, I. Trade policy without trade facilitation: Lessons from tariff pass-through in Tunisia. 2016 En : Teh, R. ; Smeets, M. ; Jallab, M.S. ; Chaudhri, F. Trade Costs and Inclusive Growth. Case Studies Presented by WTO Chair-Holders. WTO Publications: Geneva
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now

  8. Beghin, J.C. ; Disdier, A.-C. ; Marette, S. Trade restrictiveness indices in the presence of externalities: An application to non-tariff measures. 2015 Can. J. Econ.. 48 1513-1536

  9. Belotti, F. ; Deb, P. ; Manning, W.G. ; Norton, E.C. twopm: Two-part models. 2015 Stata J.. 15 3-20

  10. Bombardini, M. Firm heterogeneity and lobby participation. 2008 J. Int. Econ.. 75 329-348

  11. Cadot, O. ; Ing, L.Y. Non-tariff measures: Not all that bad. 2015 :

  12. Efsahani, H.S. ; Squire, L. Explaining trade policy in the Middle East and North Africa. 2007 Q. Rev. Econ. Finance. 46 660-684

  13. Eibl, F., Malik, A., 2016. The politics of partial liberalization: Cronyism and non-tariff protection in Mubarak’s Egypt. CSAE working paper WPS/2016-27.

  14. Ghali, S., Zitouna, H., Karray, Z., Driss, S., 2013. Effects of NTBs on the extensive and intensive margins to trade: The case of Tunisia and Egypt. Economic research forum working paper 820.

  15. Goldberg, P.K. ; Maggi, G. Protection for sale: An empirical investigation. 1999 Amer. Econ. Rev.. 89 1135-1155

  16. Grossman, G.M. ; Helpman, E. Protection for sale. 1994 Amer. Econ. Rev.. 84 833-850

  17. ITC, G.M. Tunisie: Perspectives des entreprises – série de l’ITC sur les mesures non tarifaires. 2014 ITC: Geneva
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now

  18. Kleibergen, F. ; Paap, R. Generalized reduced rank tests using the singular value decomposition. 2006 J. Econometrics. 133 97-126

  19. Maertens, M. ; Swinnen, J. Food standards, trade and development. 2009 Rev. Bus. Econ. Lit.. 3 313-326

  20. Maertens, M. ; Swinnen, J. Standards as barriers and catalysts for trade, growth and poverty reduction. 2008 J. Int. Agric. Trade Dev.. 4 47-61
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now

  21. Maertens, M. ; Swinnen, J. Trade, standards, and poverty: Evidence from Senegal. 2009 World Dev.. 37 161-178

  22. Malouche, M. ; Reyes, J.-D. ; Fouad, A. Making trade policy more transparent: A new database of non-tariff measures. 2013 :

  23. Minot, N., Chemingui, M.A., Thomas, M., Dewina, R., Orden, D., 2010. Trade Liberalization and Poverty in the Middle East and North Africa. In: IFPRI Research Monograph. Washington D.C.

  24. Mullahy, J. Much ado about two: Reconsidering retransformation and the two-part model in health econometrics. 1998 J. Health Econ.. 17 247-281

  25. OECD, J. State-Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa: Engines of Development and Competitiveness?. 2013 OECD Publishing:
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now

  26. Rijkers, B. ; Baghdadi, L. ; Raballand, G. Political connections and tariff evasion evidence from Tunisia. 2015 World Bank Econ. Rev.. 31 459-482

  27. Rijkers, B. ; Freund, C. ; Nucifora, A. All in the family: State capture in Tunisia. 2017 J. Dev. Econ.. 124 41-59

  28. Salop, S.C. ; Scheffman, D.T. Cost-raising strategies. 1987 J. Ind. Econ.. 36 19-34

  29. Salop, S.C. ; Scheffman, D.T. Raising rivals’ costs. 1983 Amer. Econ. Rev.. 73 267-271

  30. Santos Silva, J.M. ; Tenreyro, S. ; Windmeijer, F. Testing competing models for non-negative data with many zeros. 2015 J. Econom. Methods. 4 29-46

  31. Stock, J.H. ; Yogo, M. Testing for weak instruments in linear IV regression. 2005 En : Andrews, D. ; Stock, J. Identification and Inference for Econometric Models: Essays in Honor of Thomas Rothenberg. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK

  32. Swinnen, J. ; Deconinck, K. ; Vandemoortele, T. ; Vandeplas, A. Quality Standards, Value Chains, and International Development. Economic and Political Theory. 2015 Cambridge University Press: Cambridge

  33. Trefler, D. Trade liberalization and the theory of endogenous protection: An econometric study of U.S. import policy. 1993 J. Polit. Econ.. 101 138-160

  34. UNCTAD, D. Classification of Non-Tariff Measures. 2012 United Nations:
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  35. USDA, D. Tunisia. Food and Agricultural Import Regulations and Standards – Narrative. 2013 :
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now

  36. Wagner, D. Aid and trade - an empirical study. 2003 J. Jpn. Int. Econ.. 17 153-173

  37. Wilson, N.L.W., 2017. Labels, food safety, and international trade. Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) working paper 657.

  38. Wooldridge, J.M. Control function methods in applied econometrics. 2015 J. Hum. Resour.. 50 420-445

  39. Wooldridge, J.M. Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. 2010 The MIT Press:

  40. WTO, J.M. Tunisia. Trade Policy Review. 2016 :
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now

Cocites

Documents in RePEc which have cited the same bibliography

  1. Supervision and Project Performance: A Principal-Agent Approach. (2017). Fuster, Andreas ; Chauvet, Lisa ; Collier, Paul.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01516966.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  2. Market Timing, Maturity Mismatch, and Risk Management: Evidence from the Banking Industry. (2013). Kick, Thomas ; Wilkens, Marco ; Ruprecht, Benedikt ; Entrop, Oliver.
    In: VfS Annual Conference 2013 (Duesseldorf): Competition Policy and Regulation in a Global Economic Order.
    RePEc:zbw:vfsc13:79733.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  3. Information technologies and subjective well-being: Does the internet raise material aspirations?. (2013). Lohmann, Steffen.
    In: VfS Annual Conference 2013 (Duesseldorf): Competition Policy and Regulation in a Global Economic Order.
    RePEc:zbw:vfsc13:79708.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  4. Job Insecurity and Financial Distress. (2013). Moretti, Luigi ; Giannetti, Caterina ; Madia, M..
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:bol:bodewp:wp887.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  5. Does Universal Coverage Improve Health? The Massachusetts Experience. (2012). Courtemanche, Charles ; Zapata, Daniela.
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:17893.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  6. Optimal Price Setting During a Currency Changeover: Theory and Evidence from French Restaurants. (2012). Gautier, Erwan ; Eife, Thomas ; Berardi, Nicoletta.
    In: Working papers.
    RePEc:bfr:banfra:371.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  7. Technological capabilities and the decision to outsource/outsource offshore R&D services. (2011). Garcia-Canal, Esteban ; Martinez-Noya, Andrea.
    In: International Business Review.
    RePEc:eee:iburev:v:20:y:2011:i:3:p:264-277.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  8. Parental Risk Attitudes and Childrens Secondary School Track Choice. (2010). Heineck, Guido ; Wolfel, Oliver.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp5197.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  9. What Determines Firms Decisions to Formalize?. (2010). Schulze, Günther ; McCulloch, Neil ; Voss, Janina .
    In: Discussion Paper Series.
    RePEc:fre:wpaper:13.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  10. Globalization, Economic Freedom and Human Rights. (2010). Siemers, Lars-Hinrich ; Gassebner, Martin ; Dreher, Axel ; Lars-H. R. Siemers, .
    In: CESifo Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:ces:ceswps:_3228.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  11. Price, Wage and Employment Response to Shocks: Evidence from the WDN Survey. (2010). Montornes, Jérémi ; Izquierdo, Mario ; Hoeberichts, Marco ; Bertola, Giuseppe ; Radowski, D. ; Kwapil, C. ; Dabusinskas, A..
    In: Working papers.
    RePEc:bfr:banfra:281.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  12. Group cooperation under uncertainty. (2009). Gong, Min ; Baron, Jonathan ; Kunreuther, Howard.
    In: Journal of Risk and Uncertainty.
    RePEc:kap:jrisku:v:39:y:2009:i:3:p:251-270.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  13. Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Effects of Psychiatric Disorders on Employment. (2009). Chatterji, Pinka.
    In: Atlantic Economic Journal.
    RePEc:kap:atlecj:v:37:y:2009:i:3:p:243-257.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  14. Product Market Competition and Human Resource Practices: An Analysis of the Retail Food Sector. (2009). Park, Timothy ; McCall, Brian ; Lane, Julia ; Freedman, Matthew ; Davis, Elizabeth.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:hrr:papers:0905.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  15. The Effects of Expanding the Generosity of the Statutory Sickness Insurance System. (2009). Ziebarth, Nicolas ; Karlsson, Martin.
    In: SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research.
    RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp245.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  16. A Natural Experiment on Sick Pay Cuts, Sickness Absence, and Labor Costs. (2009). Ziebarth, Nicolas ; Karlsson, Martin.
    In: SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research.
    RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp244.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  17. Do I Really Need to Go to Rehab? Id say No, No, No.: Estimating Price Elasticities of Convalescent Care Programs. (2009). Ziebarth, Nicolas.
    In: SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research.
    RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp212.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  18. Long-Term Absenteeism and Moral Hazard: Evidence from a Natural Experiment. (2009). Ziebarth, Nicolas.
    In: SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research.
    RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp172.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  19. Bargaining at divorce: The allocation of custody. (2007). Halla, Martin ; Atteneder, Christine.
    In: Economics working papers.
    RePEc:jku:econwp:2006_18.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  20. Firmsenvironmental performance : does news matter ?. (2006). MAMINGI, NLANDU ; Dasgupta, Susmita ; Hong, Jong Ho ; Laplante, Benoit.
    In: Policy Research Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:3888.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  21. Risky Sexual Behavior, Testing and New HIV Treatments. (2006). Mechoulan, Stéphane.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:tor:tecipa:tecipa-239.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  22. The Impact of Nutrition during Early Childhood on Education among Guatemalan Adults. (2006). Quisumbing, Agnes ; Maluccio, John ; Hoddinott, John ; Behrman, Jere ; Martorell, Reynaldo ; Stein, Aryeh D..
    In: PIER Working Paper Archive.
    RePEc:pen:papers:06-026.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  23. University Patenting: Estimating the Diminishing Breadth of Knowledge Diffusion and Consumption. (2006). Agrawal, Ajay ; Rosell, Carlos.
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:12640.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  24. Methodological Issues in the Evaluation of Parental Involvement Laws: Evidence from Texas. (2006). Kaestner, Robert ; Joyce, Ted ; Colman, Silvie .
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:12608.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  25. The Impact of Nutrition during Early Childhood on Education among Guatemalan Adults. (2006). Quisumbing, Agnes ; Maluccio, John ; Hoddinott, John ; Behrman, Jere ; Reynaldo Martorell, Emory University, ; Aryeh D. Stein, Emory University, .
    In: Middlebury College Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:mdl:mdlpap:0614.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  26. Welfare Effects of the Euro Cash Changeover. (2006). Krug, Gerhard ; Herzog, Bodo ; Schwarze, Johannes ; Wunder, Christoph.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp2508.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  27. Income Taxes and Entrepreneurial Choice: Empirical Evidence from Germany. (2006). Fossen, Frank ; Steiner, Viktor.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp2164.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  28. Evaluating the German Mini-Job Reform Using a True Natural Experiment. (2006). Wrohlich, Katharina ; Caliendo, Marco.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp2041.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  29. Geographic Proximity, Trade and International Conflict/Cooperation. (2006). Robst, John ; Polachek, Solomon ; Chang, Yuan-Ching.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp1988.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  30. To integrate or not to integrate ? complementarity, similarity, and acquisition value creation. (2006). Castaner, Xavier ; Souder, David ; Zaheer, Akbar.
    In: HEC Research Papers Series.
    RePEc:ebg:heccah:0814.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  31. Welfare Effects of the Euro Cash Changeover. (2006). Krug, Gerhard ; Herzog, Bodo ; Schwarze, Johannes ; Wunder, Christoph.
    In: Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin.
    RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp646.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  32. Income Taxes and Entrepreneurial Choice: Empirical Evidence from Germany. (2006). Fossen, Frank ; Steiner, Viktor.
    In: Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin.
    RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp582.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  33. Evaluating the German Mini-Job Reform Using a True Natural Experiment. (2006). Wrohlich, Katharina ; Caliendo, Marco.
    In: Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin.
    RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp569.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  34. Do Workers Remittances Reduce the Probability of Current Account Reversals?. (2006). BUGAMELLI, MATTEO ; Paterno, Francesco .
    In: CEP Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp0714.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  35. Geneses of labour market turnover: Job search and entrepreneurial aspirations on-the-job. (2005). Ilmakunnas, Pekka.
    In: Labor and Demography.
    RePEc:wpa:wuwpla:0501003.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  36. Pesticide tradersperception of health risks : evidence from Bangladesh. (2005). Meisner, Craig ; MAMINGI, NLANDU ; Dasgupta, Susmita.
    In: Policy Research Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:3777.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  37. Do workersremittances reduce the probability of current account reversals ?. (2005). BUGAMELLI, MATTEO ; Paterno, Francesco .
    In: Policy Research Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:3766.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  38. Good bye Lenin (or not?): The Effect of Communism on Peoples Preferences. (2005). Fuchs-Schuendeln, Nicola.
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:11700.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  39. Health Insurance Reform and HMO Penetration in the Small Group Market. (2005). Buchmueller, Thomas.
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:11446.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  40. A Cure for Discrimination? Affirmative Action and the Case of California Proposition 209. (2005). Myers, Caitlin.
    In: Middlebury College Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:mdl:mdlpap:0525.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  41. A Cure for Discrimination? Affirmative Action and the Case of California Proposition 209. (2005). Myers, Caitlin.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp1674.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  42. The Influence of Medicare Home Health Payment Incentives: Does Payer Source Matter?. (2005). Keating, Nancy L. ; Huskamp, Haiden A. ; Stevenson, David G. ; Grabowski, David C..
    In: PGDA Working Papers.
    RePEc:gdm:wpaper:0605.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  43. Make Trade not War?. (2005). Thoenig, Mathias ; Martin, Philippe ; mayer, thierry.
    In: CEPR Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:5218.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  44. Marriage and the City. (2005). Teulings, C. N. ; Svarer, Michael ; Gautier, Pieter.
    In: CEPR Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:4939.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  45. Marriage and the City. (2005). Teulings, C. N. ; Svarer, Michael ; Gautier, Pieter.
    In: CESifo Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:ces:ceswps:_1422.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  46. Regionalization of Cardiac Services and the Responsiveness of Treatment Choices. (2004). Trogdon, Justin.
    In: HEW.
    RePEc:wpa:wuwphe:0411001.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  47. Schooling, cognitive ability, and health. (2004). Auld, M. Christopher ; Sidhu, Nirmal.
    In: HEW.
    RePEc:wpa:wuwphe:0406001.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  48. Schooling, cognitive ability, and health. (2004). Auld, M. Christopher ; Sidhu, Nirmal.
    In: HEW.
    RePEc:wpa:wuwphe:0405005.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  49. Entrepreneurial Aspirations. (2004). Ilmakunnas, Pekka ; Hyytinen, Ari.
    In: Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:rif:dpaper:890.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  50. How Far to the Hospital? The Effect of Hospital Closures on Access to Care. (2004). Jacobson, Mireille ; Buchmueller, Thomas ; Wold, Cheryl.
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:10700.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

Coauthors

Authors registered in RePEc who have wrote about the same topic

Report date: 2025-10-01 07:13:51 || Missing content? Let us know

CitEc is a RePEc service, providing citation data for Economics since 2001. Last updated August, 3 2024. Contact: Jose Manuel Barrueco.