Adams, James and Zvi Griliches, 1998, Research Productivity in a System of Universities,Annales d'Economie et de Statistique 49/50, pp. 127-162.
Adams, James, 1990, Fundamental Stocks of Knowledge and Productivity Growth,Journal of Political Economy 98: 673-702.
Adams, James, 2001, Comparative Localization of Academic and Industrial spillovers,Journal of Economic Geography 2: 253-278.
Agrawal, Ajay and Iain Cockburn, 2003, The Anchor Tenant Hypotheses: Exploring the Role of Large, Local, R&D-Intensive Firms in Regional Innovation Systems, forthcoming in the International Journal of Industrial Organization.
Agrawal, Ajay and Rebecca Henderson, 2002, Putting Patents in Context: Exploring Knowledge Transfer from MIT,Management Science, Vol. 48, No. 1.
- Agrawal, Ajay, 2001, Research on University-to-Industry Knowledge Transfer: Framework of Existing Literature and Future Questions,International Journal of Management Reviews.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Arora, Ashish and Alfonso Gambardella, 1990, Complementarity and External Linkages: the Strategies of the Large Firms in Biotechnology, Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 38, pp. 361-379.
Arora, Ashish and Alfonso Gambardella, 1994, The Changing Technology of Technological Change: General and Abstract Knowledge and the Division of Innovative Labor,Research Policy, Vol. 23, pp. 523-532.
Arora, Ashish, Andrea Fosfuri, and Alfonso Gambardella, 2001, Markets for Technology: The Economics of Innovation and Corporate Strategy, MIT Press.
Audretsch, David and Paula Stephan, 1996, Company-Scientist Locational Links: The Case of Biotechnology, American Economic Review, Vol. 86, No. 3.
- Azoulay, Pierre, Waverly Ding, and Toby Stuart, 2004, The Impact of Academic Patenting on Public Research Output, working paper, Columbia Business School.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Barnes, Michael, David Mowery, Arvids Ziedonis, 1998, The Geographic Reach of Market and Nonmarket Channels of Technology Transfer: Comparing Citations and Licenses of University Patents,working paper.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Bessen, James and Robert Hunt, 2003, An Empirical Look at Software Patents, unpublished working paper.
Branstetter, Lee (2000a), Is Foreign Direct Investment a Channel of Knowledge Spillovers? Evidence from Japan's FDI in the United States,NBER WP no. 8015.
Branstetter, Lee and Yoshiaki Nakamura, 2003, Has Japan's National Innovative Capacity Declined? in A. Kashyap, J. Corbett, M. Blomstrom, and F. Hayashi, (eds.), Structural Impediments to Growth in Japan, 2003, University of Chicago Press and NBER.
Branstetter, Lee and Yoshiaki Ogura, 2004, Is Academic Science Driving a Surge in Industrial Innovation? Evidence from Patent Citations,working paper.
Branstetter, Lee, 2004, Exploring the Link Between Academic Science and Industrial Innovation,unpublished working paper.
- Cockburn, Iain and Rebecca Henderson, 1998, The Organization of Research in Drug Discovery,Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol XLVI, No. 2.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Cockburn, Iain and Rebecca Henderson, 2000, Publicly Funded Science and the Productivity of the Pharmaceutical Industry, paper prepared for the NBER Conference on Science and Public Policy.
Cockburn, Iain, Rebecca Henderson, and Scott Stern, 1999, The Diusion of Science Driven Drug Discovery: Organizational Change in Pharmaceutical Research,NBER Working Paper No. 7359.
Cohen, Wesley, Richard Florida, Louis Randazzese, and John Walsh, 1998, Industry and the Academy: Uneasy Partners in the Cause of Technological Advance,in R. Noll, ed., Challenges to the Research University. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Cohen, Wesley and Daniel Levinthal, 1989, Innovation and Learning: The Two Faces of R&D,Economic Journal, no. 99, pp. 569-596.
Darby, Michael and Lynne Zucker, 2003, Grilichesian Breakthroughs: Inventions of Methods of Inventing and Firm Entry in Nanotechnology,NBER working paper. 9825.
Evenson, Robert and Yoav Kislev, 1976, A Stochastic Model of Applied Research, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 84, pp. 265-282.
- Faulkner, Wendy and Jennifer Senker, 1995, Knowledge Frontiers: Public Sector Research and Industrial Innovation in Biotechnology, Engineering Ceramics, and Parallel Computing, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Fleming, Lee and Olav Sorenson, 2001, Science as a Map in Technological Search,working paper.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Gambardella, Alfonso, 1995, Science and Innovation: The U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry during the 1980s, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gomes-Casseres, Benjamin, Adam Jae, and John Hagedoorn, (2003), Do Alliances Promote Knowledge Flows? working paper.
Gordon, Robert J., 2000, Does the `New Economy'Measure up to the Great Inventions of the Past? NBER Working Paper no. 7833.
Gordon, Robert J., 2002, Technology and Economic Performance in the American Economy,NBER Working Paper no. 8771.
- Goto, Akira and Hiroyuki Odagiri, (eds.), 2003, Science-Based Industries (in Japanese), NTT Publishing Company, Tokyo.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Goto, Akira, 1993, Nihon no Gijutsu Kakushin to Sangyou Soshiki, Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Goto, Akira, 2000a, Japan's National Innovation System: Current Status and Problems,Oxford Review of Economic Policy, vol. 16, pp. 103-113.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Goto, Akira, 2000b, Innovation and the Japanese Economy (in Japanese), Iwanami Press, Tokyo.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Harho, Dietmar, Francis Narin, F. M. Scherer, and Katrina Vopel, 1999, Citation Frequency and the Value of Patented Inventions,Review of Economics and Statistics, August 1999, pp. 511-515.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Hausman, Jerry, Bronwyn Hall, and Zvi Griliches (1984), Econometric Models for Count Data with an Application to the Patents-R&D Relationship, Econometrica, Vol. 52 (4), pp. 909-938.
Henderson, Rebecca and Iain Cockburn, 1996, Scale, Scope, and Spillovers: the Determinants of Research Productivity in Drug Discovery, Rand Journal of Economics 27, pp. 32-59.
- Henderson, Rebecca, Adam B. Jae, and Manuel Trajtenberg, 1998, Universities as a Source of Commercial Technology: A Detailed Analysis of University Patenting, 1965-1988,Review of Economics and Statistics, 119-127.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Hicks, Diana, 1993, University-Industry Research Links in Japan,Policy Sciences, vol. 26, pp. 361-395.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Hicks, Diana, Tony Breitzman, Dominic Olivastro, and Kim Hamilton, 2001, The Changing Composition of Innovative Activity in the US A Portrait Based on Patent Analysis,Research Policy 30, pp. 681-703.
- Iwasa, Tomoko and Hiroyuki Odagiri (2002), The Role of Overseas R&D Activities in Technological Knowledge Sourcing: An Empirical Study of Japanese R&D Investment in the U.S.,Discussion Paper no. 23, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP).
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Jae, Adam and Manuel Trajtenberg, 1996, Flows of Knowledge from Universities and Federal Labs: Modeling the Flow of Patent Citations over Time and across Institutional and Geographic Boundaries,NBER working paper no. 5712.
- Jae, Adam and Manuel Trajtenberg, 2002, Patents, Citations, and Innovations: A Window on the Knowledge Economy, MIT Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Jae, Adam, 1989, The Real Eects of Academic Research, American Economic Review, 79 [5], pp. 957-70 Jae, Adam, Manuel Trajtenberg, and Rebecca Henderson, 1993, Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spillovers as Evidenced by Patent Citations, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. CVIII, No. 3.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Jae, Adam, Michael Fogarty, and Bruce Banks, [1998], Evidence from Patents and Patent Citations on the Impact of NASA and Other Federal Labs on Commercial Innovation,Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. XLVI, No. 2. Japan Patent O ce, 2003, Patent Administration Annual Report (in Japanese), Hatsumei Kyoukai, Tokyo.
Jensen, Richard and Marie Thursby, 1999, Proofs and Prototypes for Sale: The Licensing of University Inventions, American Economic Review, 91, pp. 240-259.
- Kenney, Martin, 1986, Biotechnology: The University-Industrial Complex, New Haven: Yale University Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Kneller, Robert, 2003, Autarkic Drug Discovery in Japanese Pharmaceutical Companies: Insights into National Dierences in Industrial Innovation, Research Policy 32: pp. 1805-1827.
- Kobayashi, Shin-Ichi, 1998, The Current Stage of the Industry-University Relationship, (in Japanese), Kotou Kyoiku Kenkyuu Kiyou, Vol. 16, p. 107.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Kobayashi, Shin-Ichi, 2003, Science-based Industries and Universities, UniversityIndustry Linkages, and Spin-os, (in Japanese), in Goto, Akira and Hiroyuki Odagiri, (eds.), 2003, Science-Based Industries (in Japanese), NTT Publishing Company, Tokyo.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Kortum, Samuel and Joshua Lerner, 1998, Stronger Protection or Technological Revolution: Which is Behind the Recent Surge in Patenting? CarnegieRochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 48, pp. 247-304.
Kortum, Samuel and Joshua Lerner, 2000, Assessing the Contribution of Venture Capital to Innovation,Rand Journal of Economics, 31, pp. 674-692.
- Kortum, Samuel and Joshua Lerner, 2003, Unraveling the Patent Paradox, unpublished working paper.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Kortum, Samuel, 1997, Research, Patenting, and Technological Change,Econometrica, Vol. 65, pp. 1389-1419.
Lach, Saul and Mark Schankerman, 2003, Incentives and Invention in Universities, unpublished working paper.
- Lerner, Joshua and Paul Gompers, 1999, The Venture Capital Cycle, MIT Press, Cambridge.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Lerner, Joshua and Paul Gompers, 2001, The Money of Invention, Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Lerner, Joshua and Paul Gompers, 2002, Short-Term America Revisited? Boom and Bust in the Venture Capital Industry and the Impact on Innovation, Innovation Policy and the Economy, 3 pp. 1-27.
- Lieberman, Marvin, 1978, A Literature Citation Study of Science-Technology Coupling in Electronics,Proceedings of the IEEE, 36 [1], pp. 5-13.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Lim, Kwanghui, 2001, The Relationship between Research and Innovation in the Semiconductor and Pharmaceutical Industries,working paper.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Mans...eld, E., 1988, Industrial R&D in Japan and the United States: A Comparative Study,American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, vol. 78, no. 2. pp. 223-228.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Mans...eld, Edwin and J. Y. Lee, 1996, The Modern University: Contributor to Industrial Innovation and Recipient of Industrial Support,Research Policy 25: pp. 1047-1058.
- Mans...eld, Edwin, 1995, Academic Research Underlying Industrial Innovations: Sources, Characteristics, and Financing, The Review of Economics and Statistics 77: 55-65.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Motohashi, Kazuyuki, 2001, Survey on Japan's National Innovation System, (in Japanese) in Report on Japanese National Innovation System Research, RIETI, Tokyo, Japan.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Motohashi, Kazuyuki, 2004, Economic Analysis of University-Industry Collaboration: The Role of New Technology Based Firms in Japanese National Innovation Reform,working paper.
- Mowery, David, Richard Nelson, Bhavin Sampat, and Arivds Ziedonis, 1998, The Eects of the Bayh-Dole Act on U.S. University Research and Technology Transfer: An Analysis of Data from Columbia University, the University of California, and Stanford University,working paper Murray, Fiona, 2002, Innovation as Overlapping Scienti...c and Technological Trajectories: Exploring Tissue Engineering,Research Policy, vol. 31.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Murray, Fiona and Sarah Kaplan, 2001, The Role of Social Evidence in Shaping a Technological Discontinuity: The Evolution of Biotechnology, unpublished working paper.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Nagaoka, Sadao, 2004, Evaluating R&D Management of Firms Using Patent Citations,working paper.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Narin, Francis, Kimberly Hamilton, and Dominic Olivastro, 1997, The Increasing Linkage Between U.S. Technology and Public Science,Research Policy 197: 101-121.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- National Academy of Engineering, 1987, Strengthening U.S. Engineering through International Cooperation: Some Recommendations for Action, Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- National Science Foundation, 2002, National Science and Engineering Indicators.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- O ce of Technology Transfer, University of California, 1997, Annual Report: University of California Technology Transfer Program. Oakland, CA: University of California.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Odagiri, Hiroyuki, 1999, University-Industry Collaboration in Japan: Facts and Interpretations,in L. Branscomb, F. Kodama, and R. Florida, (eds.), Industrializing Knowledge: University-Industry Linkages in Japan and the United States, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 269-306.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Odagiri, Hiroyuki, 2001, Transactions Costs and Capabilities as Determinants of the R&D Boundaries of the Firm: A Case Study of the Ten Largest Pharmaceutical Firms in Japan, Discussion Paper no. 19, NISTEP and MEXT.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Okada, Yosuke, 2002, Technological Position, Cooperative Research, and Patenting Activity of the Japanese Biotechnology New Firms,working paper.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Okimoto, Daniel and Gary Saxonhouse, 1987, Technology and the Future of the Economyin The Political Economy of Japan, Volume 1: The Domes27 tic Transformation, K. Yamamura and Y. Yasuba (eds.), Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Pechter, Kenneth, 2000, Empirical Support for Signi...cant University-Industry Linkage in Japan, Management in the 21st Century, Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Conference on Management of Information and Technology, Singapore.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Pechter, Kenneth, 2001. Comparative Policy Analysis Under Conditions of Innovation-Driven Change: Assessment of the University-Industry Linkage in Japan and the United States,Change Management and the New Industrial Revolution, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Engineering Management Society International Engineering Management Conference, Albany, NY.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Price, Derek, 1965, Is Technology Historically Independent of Science? A Study in Statistical Historiography,Technology and Culture, 6, pp. 553-568.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Rosenberg, Nathan and Richard Nelson, 1994, American Universities and Technical Advance in Industry,Research Policy, 23, pp. 323-348.
Sakakibara, Mariko and Lee Branstetter, 2001, Do Stronger Patents Induce More Innovation? Evidence from the Japanese 1988 Patent Reforms, RAND Journal of Economics, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 77-100.
- Schmookler, Jacob, 1966, Invention and Economic Growth, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Shane, Scott, 2000, Prior Knowledge and the Discovery of Entrepreneurial Opportunities,Organization Science, 11, pp. 448-469.
Shane, Scott, 2001, Technological Opportunities and New Firm Creation, Management Science, 47, pp. 205-220.
Sorenson, Olav and Lee Fleming, 2001, Science and the Diusion of Knowledge, working paper.
Stephan, Paula, 1996, The Economics of Science,Journal of Economic Literature 34: 1199-1235.
Stern, Scott, 1999, Do Scientists Pay to Be Scientists? NBER Working Paper No. 7410.
- Tamada, Schumpeter, Fumio Kodama, and Kiminori Genba, 2003a, The Measurement of Science Linkage in Four Important Technology Areas(in Japanese), RIETI Discussion Paper 03-J-016.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Tamada, Schumpeter, Fumio Kodama, and Kiminori Genba, 2003b, The Sources of Patented Knowledge(in Japanese), RIETI Discussion Paper, 03-J-017.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Thursby, Jerry and Marie Thursby, 2002, Who is Selling the Ivory Tower? Sources of Growth in University Licensing, Management Science, 48, pp. 90-104.
- Walsh, John and Wesley Cohen, 2004, Does the Golden Goose Travel? A Comparative Analysis of the Inuence of Public Research on Industrial R&D in the U.S. and Japan,working paper.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Zucker, Lynne, Michael Darby, and Michael Brewer, 1998, Intellectual Capital and the Birth of U.S. Biotechnology Enterprises,American Economic Review, 88: 290-306.