- Actuarial Accrued Liability (AAL) Present Value of Benefits (PVB) 5 Percent $1,153,455 $1,494,030 Treasury Yield Curve $1,293,152 $1,672,222 AA Nonfinancial Corporate Yield Curve $1,102,651 $1,395,050 7 Percent $840,596 $1,044,609 Table 2 State and Local Retiree Health Care Liabilities under Various Discount Rates ($ millions) Note. All values are U.S. total liabilities for the 2011 fiscal year. For some states the GASB report upon which the liabilities are based pertain to the 2010 or 2012 fiscal years. In these cases, the liabilities are adjusted so as to be on a 2011 fiscal year basis.
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- AR 0.67 State GASB repot covers state employees and some local workers, including some school district employees. It does not cover any teachers. State retiree health care is linked to receipt of a pension from the state pension system (PERS). PERS had 45,200 active members actives in 2011 relative to 134,995 active members for all the state's pension plans according to the Census Bureau. Thus, we use an overall scaling factor of (134, 995 - 45, 200) / 134, 995 = 0.67.
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- Auerbach, Alan J., and William G. Gale, “The Federa Budget Outlook: No News is Bad News†Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, August 2012.
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- AZ x x 0.27 The state GASB report captures the bulk of state and local government employees (including both local ed. and non-ed.). The report only misses a few workers in 3 small state pension plans and 3 local plans. The workers in the 3 state plans are offered retiree health care from the state (Clark and Morrill 2010). The Census pension data indicates that these 6 plans have total active membership of 56, 539, equal to 27 percent of the 208,939 actives captued in the state GASB report.
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Brown, Jeffrey, and David Wilcox, “Discounting State and Local Pension Liabilities.†American Economic Review, 2009 Clark, Robert, “Will Public Sector Retiree Health Benefit Plans Survive? Economic and Policy Implications of Unfunded Liabilities,†American Economic Review 99(2), 533-37, 2009.
Clark, Robert and Melinda Morrill, “The Funding Status of Retiree Health Plans in the Public Sector,†Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, pp 291-314, April 2011.
Clark, Robert and Melinda Morrill. Retiree Health Plans in the Public Sector: Is There a Funding Crisis? Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2010.
Clark, Robert, “Retiree Health Plans for Public School Teachers after GASB 43 and 45,†Education Finance and Policy, 438-462, Fall 2010.
- Given the state present value of $1,013,680,000, we use a scaling factor of 0.16 to account for the state higher ed. employees. K-12 educational employee OPEB obligations are based on Special Study: Other Postemployment Benefit Liabilities of School Districts in Minnesota, Government Information Division, Office of the State Auditor, State of Minnesota, March 31, 2009. The report contains the results of a survey of the declared GASB OPEB liabilites of school distircts in the state (see Table 6). The total AAL for responding districts was $1,404,530,364. The only measure of district size given is operating revenues. The total of these revenues for the reporting districts was $5,978,186,071. The Census Bureau's Public ElementarySecondary Education Finance Data reports $8,599,468,000 in total current spending in the fiscal year to which the state report refers in Minnesota.
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- National Conference of State Legislatures, “NCSL Fiscal Brief: State Balanced Budget Provisions,†Fiscal Brief, October 2010.
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- National Research Conference (of the National Academies), Aging and the Macroeconomy: Long-Term Implications of an Older Population, National Academies Press, 2012.
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Novy-Marx, Robert, and Joshua Rauh, “Public Pension Liabilities: How Big Are They and What Are They Worth?†Journal of Finance, 66(4), 1207-1245, 2011. 28 Novy-Marx, Robert, and Joshua Rauh, “Revenue Demands of Public Employee Pension Promises,†American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, forthcoming 2013.
Novy-Marx, Robert, and Joshua Rauh, “The Liabilities and Risks of State-Sponsored Pension Plans,†Journal of Economic Perspectives, Fall 2009.
- PEW Center on the State, “The Widening Gap Updateâ€, Issue Brief, June 2012.
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Poterba, James, “State Responses to Fiscal Crises: The Effects of Budgetary Institutions and Politicsâ€, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 102, No. 4, 1994.
- State Retiree Health Care Liabilities Actuarial Accrued Liability (AAL) Present Value of Benefits Table A2 (cont.) Note. All values are for the 2011 fiscal year. For some states the GASB report upon which the liabilities are based pertain to the 2010 or 2012 fiscal years. In these cases, the liabilities are adjusted so as to be on a 2011 fiscal year basis. NY reports an AAL under the Frozen EAN and Traditional EAN methodologies. Column (1) displays the Traditional EAN AAL for NY. NE and OK are not included because they did not issue a GASB actuarial valuation in 2011.
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- The AAL liabilities are produced using the EAN methodology. The Treasury Yield Curve is the zero-coupon Treasury yield curve as of June 30, 2011 (the end of the 2011 state government fiscal year in most states). The AA Nonfinancial Corporate Debt Yield Curve is the AA corporate yield curve for non-financial firms as of June 30, 2011 .
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- The LGHIP website states that it provides retiree health coverage in some cases: An active employee who retires from a unit that allows retirees to continue coverage has the option of electing retiree coverage or COBRA. https://www.alseib.org/healthinsurance/lghip/FAQ.aspx AK x 0.41 The state report captures all state workers and the vast majority of non-education local workers. The Teacher's Retirement Systemt (TRS) CAFR gives an AAL of $3,076,288,000 for workers hired before 2006. For those hired after 2006, and whom are on a different retiree health care plan, the AAL equals $2,809,000. Thus, the total AAL for retiree health care is $3,079,097,000. Given the state AAL of $7,428,905,000, this implies a scaling factor of 0.41.
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