create a website

Assessing the Impact of Tax Evasion on Long-Term Fiscal Imbalance: A Sensitivity Analysis Application. (2018). Drab, Radovan ; Mihokova, Lucia ; Kralik, Andrea.
In: Prague Economic Papers.
RePEc:prg:jnlpep:v:2018:y:2018:i:3:id:662:p:331-350.

Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

Cited: 0

Citations received by this document

Cites: 24

References cited by this document

Cocites: 50

Documents which have cited the same bibliography

Coauthors: 0

Authors who have wrote about the same topic

Citations

Citations received by this document

    This document has not been cited yet.

References

References cited by this document

  1. Aizenmann, J., Kletzer, K., Pinto, B. (2007). Economic Growth with Constraints on Tax Revenues and Public Debt: Implications for Fiscal Policy and Cross-Country Diff erences. National Bureau of Economic Research. Working Paper No. w12750, https://doi.org/10.3386/w12750 Alm, J. (2012). Measuring, Explaining, and Controlling Tax Evasion: Lessons from Theory, Experiments, and Field Studies. International Tax Public Finance, 19(1), 54–77, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-011-9171-2 Ameco. Annual Macroeconomic Database. [Online database]. Available online: http://ec.europa.eu/economy_fi nance/db_indicators/ameco/index_en.htm.

  2. Andrejovska, A. (2014). Categorisation of the European Union Countries in Relation to Efficiency Adjustment of Value Added Tax Collection Using Cluster Analysis and Multidimensional Scalling. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, 9(4), 580–590.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  3. Auerbach, A. J., Slemrod, J. (1997). The Economic Eff ects of the Tax Reform Act of 1986. Journal of Economic Literature, 35(2), 589–632.

  4. Baio, G., Dawid, A. P. (2008). Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis in Health Economics. Research Report 292/08, Department of Statistical Science, London: University College.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  5. Bajada, C., Schneider, F. (2005). The Shadow Economies of the Asia-Pacifi c. Pacifi c Economic Review, 10(3), 379–401, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2005.00280.x Bayar, A., Smeets, B. (2009). Economic, Political and Institutional Determinants of Budget Defi cits in the European Union. CESifo Group Munich. CESifo Working Paper No. 2611.

  6. Bispham, J. A. (1987). Rising Public Sector Indebtedness: Some More Unpleasant Arithmetic, in Boskin, M. J., Flemming, J. S., Gorini, S., eds., Private Saving and Public Debt. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 40–71.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  7. Cicek, D., Elgin, C. (2011). Cyclicality of Fiscal Policy and the Shadow Economy. Empirical Economics, 41(3), 725–737, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-010-0409-0 Dyreng, S., Hanlon, M., Maydew, E. (2008). Long-Run Corporate Tax Avoidance. The Accounting Review, 83(1), 61–82, https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2008.83.1.61 Eilat, Y., Zinnes, C. (2002). The Shadow Economy in Transition Countries: Friend or Foe? A Policy Perspective. World Development, 30(7), 1233–1254, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(02)00036-0 Erdinc, Z. (2016). The Reasons of Underground Economy, Its Results, Methods and the Turkish Case. Journal of Business & Economic Policy, 3(1), 15–21.

  8. European Commission (2014). Report on Public Finances in EMU 2014. European Economy Series. Belgium: European Commission, https://doi.org/10.2765/7626 (online) European Commission (2000). Public Finances in EMU. European Economy Series. Belgium: European Commission.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  9. Fassman, M. (2007). Stínova ekonomika a prace na černo. (The Underground Economy and Illegal Work). Prague: Sondy. ISBN 978- 80- 86846-21 Gavurova, B., Šoltes, M. (2016). Economic Aspects of Social Services Development in Slovakia in the Context of Demographic Changes. Scientifi c Papers of the University of Pardubice, Series D: Faculty of Economics and Administration, 37, 14–25.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  10. Kralik, A., Mihokova, L., Kovač, V. (2016). Categorization of EU Member Countries: The Eff ect of Tax Evasion on Short-Term Fiscal Imbalance. Scientifi c Papers of the University of Pardubice, SeriesD: Faculty of Economic and Administration, 38(3), 56–67.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  11. Malička, L., Harčarikova, M., Gazda, V. (2012). Determinants of Local Tax Revenues in EU Countries. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 52, 120–126.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  12. Maltritz, D., Wüste, S. (2015). Determinants of Budget Defi cits in Europe: The Role and Relations of Fiscal Rules, Fiscal Councils, Creative Accounting and the Euro. Economic Modelling, 48, 222–236, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2014.12.001 Manolas, G., Rontos, K., Sfakianakis, G., Vavouras, I. (2013). Tackling the Debt Crisis in Greece: The Role of the Underground Economy. Social Cohesion and Develoment, 8(1), 25–35, https://doi.org/10.12681/scad.9085 Mara, E. R. (2012). Determinants of Fiscal Budget Volatility in Old versus New EU Member States. School of Economics and Management, Technical University of Lisbon. Working Papers No. WP 31/2012/DE/UECE.

  13. Mayes, D. G., Viren, M. (2000). The Exchange Rate Monetary Conditions in the Euro Area. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 136(2), 199–231.

  14. McManus, P. A. (2011). Introduction to Regression Models for Panel Data Analysis. Workshop in methods, Indiana University.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  15. Novysedlak, V., Palkovičova, J. (2012). The Estimate of the Value Added Tax Revenue Loss. Institute for Financial Policy, Ministry of Finance of the Slovak Republic. Economic Analysis 25.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  16. Oakley, J. E., O’Hagan A. (2004). Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis of Complex Models: A Bayesian Approach. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Statistical Methodology, Series B, 66(3), 751–769, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9868.2004.05304.x Orviska, M. (2013). Daňove úniky a tieňova ekonomika: Širšie implikacie v podnikaní a fi nanciac. Inauguračna prednaška. (Tax Evasion and Shadow Economy: General Implications in Business and Finance). Košice: Technicka univerzita v Košiciach, Ekonomicka fakulta Pavlikova, Ľ., Kralik, A. (2014). The Impact of Tax Evasion on Public Defi cit of Countries in V4 Region. Paper presented at the 5th Central European Conference in Regional Science (CERS). Košice.

  17. Prinz, A., Beck, H. (2012). In the Shadow of Public Debt: Are There Relations between Public Debt and the Shadow Economy? Economic Analysis and Policy, 42(2), 221–236, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0313-5926(12)50022-6 Raczkowski, K. (2013), Gospodarka nieofi cjalna w systemie zarza˛dzania pa´nstwem. in Gołêbiowska, E., Raczkowski, K., ed., Zarza˛dzani-nowe perspektywy, (New managed persperctive), Przedsiêbiorczooe´c i zarza˛dzanie, Społeczna Akademia Nauk, Lodz, 353–354.

  18. Raisova, M. (2015). Dual Approach to Growth Accounting. Application for Benelux and Baltic Countries. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, 10(7), 1005–1013.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  19. Sarac, M., Basar, R. (2014). The Eff ect of Informal Economy on the European Debt Crisis. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Arastirmalari Dergisi, (2), 25–37 Schneider, F. (2004). Shadow Economy, in Rowley, Ch., Schneider, F., eds., The Encyclopedia of Public Choices. Springer US, pp. 286–296.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  20. Schneider, F. (2012). The Shadow Economy and Work in the Shadow: What Do We (Not) Know? The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). Discussion Paper Series. IZA DP No. 6423.

  21. Schneider, F. (2015). Size and Development of the Shadow Economy of 31 European and 5 other OECD Countries from 2003 to 2015: Diff erent Developments. [online]. Available online: http://www.econ.jku.at/members/Schneider/files/publications/2015/ShadEcEurope31.pdf Schneider, F., Enste, D. H. (2000). Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences. Journal of Economic Literature, 38(1), 77–114, https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.38.1.77 Schneider, F., Williams, C. C. (2013). The Shadow Economy. The Institute of Economic Aff airs, London: Hobbs the Printers, 27–28.

  22. Torres-Reyna, O. (2007). Panel Data Analysis. Fixed and Random Efects Using Stata (v.4.2). Data and Statistical services. Princeton University.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
  23. Tujula, M., Wolswijk, G. (2004). What Determines the Fiscal Balances? An Empirical Investigation in Determinants of Changes in OECD Budget Balances. European Central Bank. Working Paper Series No. 422.

  24. Uzunoglu, S., Yuruk, M. S., Atakisi, A. (n.d.). Underground Economy: It is an Economic Problém a Solution? [online]. Available at online: https://waleolusi.fi les.wordpress.com/2013/05/underground-economy-is-it-an-economic-problem-or-a.pdf.
    Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now

Cocites

Documents in RePEc which have cited the same bibliography

  1. Distributional Implications of Joint Tax Evasion. (2016). Thoresen, Thor ; Slemrod, Joel ; Nygrd, Odd Erik.
    In: CESifo Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:ces:ceswps:_5915.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  2. Mental accounting in tax evasion decisions: An experiment on underreporting and overdeducting. (2015). Wolf, Nadja ; Fochmann, Martin.
    In: arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research.
    RePEc:zbw:arqudp:186.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  3. A self-funding reward mechanism for tax compliance. (2015). Zizzo, Daniel ; Sefton, Martin ; Nosenzo, Daniele ; Fatas, Enrique.
    In: Working Paper series, University of East Anglia, Centre for Behavioural and Experimental Social Science (CBESS).
    RePEc:uea:wcbess:15-16.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  4. Enforcement, Socio-Economic Diversity, and Tax Filing Compliance in the United States. (2015). Clark, Jeremy ; Alm, James ; Leibel, Kara.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:tul:wpaper:1514.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  5. Detroit Property Tax Delinquency---Social Contract in Crisis. (2015). Skidmore, Mark ; Alm, James ; Sands, Gary ; Hodge, Timothy R.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:tul:wpaper:1508.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  6. Tax Evasion Revised: Surprising Experimental Evidence on the Role of Principal Witness Regulations and Differences in Gender Attitudes. (2015). Mittone, Luigi ; Buckenmaier, Johannes.
    In: CEEL Working Papers.
    RePEc:trn:utwpce:1505.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  7. Enforcement spillovers: Lessons from strategic interactions in regulation and product markets. (2015). Shimshack, Jay ; Evans, Mary ; Gilpatric, Scott M.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:ten:wpaper:2015-08.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  8. Transfer pricing manipulation, tax penalty cost and the impact of foreign profit taxation. (2015). Rathke, Alex .
    In: MPRA Paper.
    RePEc:pra:mprapa:66133.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  9. Note on tax enforcement and transfer pricing manipulation. (2015). Rathke, Alex Augusto Timm, .
    In: MPRA Paper.
    RePEc:pra:mprapa:65337.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  10. A Self-Funding Reward Mechanism for Tax Compliance. (2015). Zizzo, Daniel ; Sefton, Martin ; Nosenzo, Daniele ; Fatas, Enrique.
    In: Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:not:notcdx:2015-16.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  11. Who is audited? Experimental study on rule-based and human tax auditing schemes. (2015). Masuda, Takehito ; Kamijo, Yoshio ; Uemura, Hiroshi.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:kch:wpaper:sdes-2015-9.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  12. Tax evasion and social information: an experiment in Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. (2015). Villeval, Marie Claire ; Riedl, Arno ; Pestieau, Pierre ; Lefebvre, Mathieu.
    In: International Tax and Public Finance.
    RePEc:kap:itaxpf:v:22:y:2015:i:3:p:401-425.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  13. Tax Compliance and Information Provision: A Field Experiment with Small Firms. (2015). Schmitz, Jan ; Doerrenberg, Philipp.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9013.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  14. Dynamic Tax Evasion with Audits based on Conspicuous Consumption. (2015). Menoncin, Francesco ; LEVAGGI, ROSELLA.
    In: Working papers.
    RePEc:ipu:wpaper:33.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  15. Tax morale and reciprocity. A case study from Vietnam. (2015). Jahnke, Bjoern.
    In: Hannover Economic Papers (HEP).
    RePEc:han:dpaper:dp-563.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  16. Tax evasion and measurement error: An econometric analysis of survey data linked with tax records. (2015). Paulus, Alari.
    In: ISER Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:ese:iserwp:2015-10.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  17. Why do people evade taxes? New experimental evidence from Greece. (2015). Rapanos, Vassilis ; Kaplanoglou, Georgia.
    In: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics).
    RePEc:eee:soceco:v:56:y:2015:i:c:p:21-32.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  18. Behavioral political economy: A survey. (2015). Schnellenbach, Jan ; Schubert, Christian.
    In: European Journal of Political Economy.
    RePEc:eee:poleco:v:40:y:2015:i:pb:p:395-417.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  19. Circumstantial risk: Impact of future tax evasion and labor supply opportunities on risk exposure. (2015). Duncan, Denvil ; Doerrenberg, Philipp ; Zeppenfeld, Christopher.
    In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization.
    RePEc:eee:jeborg:v:109:y:2015:i:c:p:85-100.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  20. Does the use of tax revenue matter for tax compliance behavior?. (2015). Doerrenberg, Philipp.
    In: Economics Letters.
    RePEc:eee:ecolet:v:128:y:2015:i:c:p:30-34.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  21. Compliance with Endogenous Audit Probabilities. (2015). Qari, Salmai ; Lohse, Tim ; Konrad, Kai.
    In: Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin.
    RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp1493.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  22. Voluntary Disclosure of Evaded Taxes - Increasing Revenues, or Increasing Incentives to Evade?. (2015). Langenmayr, Dominika.
    In: CESifo Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:ces:ceswps:_5349.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  23. Corruption and Tax Evasion: Reflections on Greek Tragedy. (2015). Palivos, Theodore ; Litina, Anastasia.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:bog:wpaper:193.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  24. Transfer pricing manipulation, tax penalty cost and the impact of foreign profit taxation. (2015). Timm, Alex Augusto.
    In: Papers.
    RePEc:arx:papers:1508.03853.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  25. Note on tax enforcement and transfer pricing manipulation. (2015). Alex Augusto Timm Rathke, .
    In: Papers.
    RePEc:arx:papers:1506.08743.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  26. Taxes on the Internet: Deterrence Effects of Public Disclosure. (2015). Thoresen, Thor ; Slemrod, Joel ; Bø, Erlend ; Bo, Erlend E..
    In: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy.
    RePEc:aea:aejpol:v:7:y:2015:i:1:p:36-62.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  27. Environmental Enforcement and Compliance: Lessons from Pollution, Safety, and Tax Settings. (2014). Shimshack, Jay ; Alm, James.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:tul:wpaper:1409.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  28. Estimating the Tax Gap at the State Level: The Case of Georgias Personal Income Tax. (2014). Alm, James ; Borders, Kyle .
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:tul:wpaper:1406.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  29. Applying Behavioral Economics to the Public Sector. (2014). Bourdeaux, Carolyn ; Alm, James.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:tul:wpaper:1405.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  30. Does an Uncertain Tax System Encourage Aggressive Tax Planning?. (2014). Alm, James.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:tul:wpaper:1403.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  31. Audit Rates and Compliance: A Field Experiment in Long-term Care. (2014). van der Klaauw, Bas ; Lindeboom, Maarten ; Vriend, Sandra.
    In: Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:tin:wpaper:20140038.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  32. Corruption, Tax Evasion and Social Values. (2014). Palivos, Theodore ; Litina, Anastasia.
    In: MPRA Paper.
    RePEc:pra:mprapa:58438.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  33. The Behavioralist As Tax Collector: Using Natural Field Experiments to Enhance Tax Compliance. (2014). Metcalfe, Robert ; List, John ; Hallsworth, Michael ; Vlaev, Ivo.
    In: NBER Working Papers.
    RePEc:nbr:nberwo:20007.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  34. Voluntary Disclosure of Evaded Taxes - Increasing Revenues, or Increasing Incentives to Evade?. (2014). Langenmayr, Dominika.
    In: Discussion Papers in Economics.
    RePEc:lmu:muenec:21359.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  35. Tax Incidence in the Presence of Tax Evasion. (2014). Duncan, Denvil ; Doerrenberg, Philipp.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp8137.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  36. The behavioralist as tax collector: Using natural field experiments to enhance tax compliance. (2014). Metcalfe, Robert ; List, John ; Hallsworth, Michael ; Vlaev, Ivo.
    In: Natural Field Experiments.
    RePEc:feb:natura:00391.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  37. Microsimulation and policy analysis. (2014). Sutherland, Holly ; Paulus, Alari ; Figari, Francesco.
    In: ISER Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:ese:iserwp:2014-23.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  38. Eliciting taxpayer preferences increases tax compliance. (2014). De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel ; Norton, Michael I. ; Lamberton, Cait.
    In: LSE Research Online Documents on Economics.
    RePEc:ehl:lserod:60277.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  39. To Pay or Not to Pay? Citizens’ Attitudes Toward Taxation in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and South Africa. (2014). Fjeldstad, Odd ; Ali, Merima ; Sjursen, Ingrid Hoem.
    In: World Development.
    RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:64:y:2014:i:c:p:828-842.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  40. Tax evasion, financial development and inflation: Theory and empirical evidence. (2014). Stander, Lardo ; GUPTA, RANGAN ; Bittencourt, Manoel.
    In: Journal of Banking & Finance.
    RePEc:eee:jbfina:v:41:y:2014:i:c:p:194-208.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  41. Audit rates and compliance: A field experiment in long-term care. (2014). van der Klaauw, Bas ; Lindeboom, Maarten ; Vriend, Sandra.
    In: CEPR Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:9924.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  42. Behavioral Political Economy: A Survey. (2014). Schnellenbach, Jan ; Schubert, Christian.
    In: CESifo Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:ces:ceswps:_4988.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  43. Eliciting Taxpayer Preferences Increases Tax Compliance. (2014). De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel ; Norton, Michael I. ; Lamberton, Cait.
    In: CEP Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1270.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  44. Corruption and Firm Tax Evasion. (2014). McClellan, Chandler ; Martinez-Vazquez, Jorge ; Alm, James.
    In: International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU.
    RePEc:ays:ispwps:paper1422.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  45. Tax evasion, social norms and economic growth. (2013). Kunze, Lars ; Bethencourt, Carlos.
    In: MPRA Paper.
    RePEc:pra:mprapa:48427.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  46. Taxes on the Internet: Deterrence Effects of Public Disclosure. (2013). Thoresen, Thor ; Slemrod, Joel ; Bø, Erlend ; Bo, Erlend Eide.
    In: CESifo Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:ces:ceswps:_4107.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  47. Combining Psychology and Economics in the Analysis of Compliance: From Enforcement to Cooperation. (2012). Alm, James ; Gangl, Katharina ; Hofmann, Eva ; Kirchler, Erich ; Kogler, Christoph ; Muehlbacher, Stephan.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:tul:wpaper:1212.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  48. Rethinking the Research Paradigms for Analyzing Tax Compliance Behavior. (2012). Alm, James ; Gangl, Katharina ; Hofmann, Eva ; Kirchler, Erich ; Kogler, Christoph ; Muehlbacher, Stephan.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:tul:wpaper:1210.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  49. Tax reforms in EU Member States - Tax policy challenges for economic growth and fiscal sustainability – 2012 Report. (2012). Saveyn, Bert ; Prammer, Doris ; Nicodème, Gaëtan ; Kutlina-Dimitrova, Zornitsa ; Hemmelgarn, Thomas ; Fatica, Serena ; Commission, European.
    In: Taxation Papers.
    RePEc:tax:taxpap:0034.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

  50. Social programs as positive inducements for tax participation. (2012). McKee, Michael ; Jones, Michael ; Cherry, Todd ; Alm, James.
    In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization.
    RePEc:eee:jeborg:v:84:y:2012:i:1:p:85-96.

    Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

Coauthors

Authors registered in RePEc who have wrote about the same topic

Report date: 2025-10-01 04:37:45 || Missing content? Let us know

CitEc is a RePEc service, providing citation data for Economics since 2001. Last updated August, 3 2024. Contact: Jose Manuel Barrueco.