- Acheompong AO., Economic growth, CO2 emissions and energy consumption: what causes what and where? Energ Econ 2018; 74: 677–692.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Ahmed K, Shahbaz M, Kyophilavong P., Revisiting the emissions-energy-trade nexus: evidence from the newly industrializing. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2016; 23: 7676–7691.
- Akarca AT, Long TV., On the relationship between energy and GNP: a reexamination. J Energ Develop 1980; 5: 326–331.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Akbostanci E, Turut-Asik S, Tunk I., The relationship between income and environment in Turkey: is there an environmental Kuznets curve? Energ Policy 2009; 37: 861–867.
Akinlo AE., Energy consumption and economic growth: evidence from 11 Sub-Sahara African countries. Energ Econ 2008; 30: 2391–2400.
- Al-Mulai U, Sab Cnbc. Fereidouni HG., Examining the bi-directional long run relationship between renewable energy consumption and GDP growth. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2013; 22: 209–222.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Altinay G, Karagol E., Structural break, unit root, and the causality between energy consumption and GDP in Turkey. Energ Econ 2004; 26: 985–994.
Aneja R, Banday U, Hasnat T, et al, . Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth: empirical evidence from panel error correction model. Jindal J Business Res 2017; 6: 76–85.
Ang JB., Economic development, pollutant emissions and energy consumption in Malaysia. J Policy Model 2008; 30: 271–278.
Antweiler W, Copeland B, Taylor S., Is free trade good for the environment? Am Econ Rev 2001; 91: 877–908.
- Apergis N, Ozturk I., Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Asian countries. Ecol Ind 2015; 52: 16–22.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Apergis N, Payne EJ., Energy consumption and economic growth in Central America: evidence from a panel cointegration and error correction model. Energ Econ 2009; 31: 641–647.
Apergis N, Payne J., A dynamic panel study of economic development and the electricity consumption-growth nexus. Energ Econ 2011; 33: 770–781.
Apergis N, Payne J., Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption-growth nexus: evidence from a panel error correction model. Energ Econ 2012; 34: 733–738.
- Appiah MO., Investigating the multivariate Granger causality between energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in Ghana. Energ Policy 2018; 112: 198–208.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Arora V, Shi S., Energy consumption and economic growth in the United States. Appl Econ 2016; 48: 3763–3773.
- Aung TS, Saboori B, Rasoulinezhad E., Economic growth and environmental pollution in Myanmar: an analysis of Environmental Kuznets curve. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2017; 24: 20487–20501.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Azam M, Khan AQ., Testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: a comparative empirical study for low, lower middle, upper middle and high income countries. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2016; 63: 556–567.
Azlina AA, Law SH, Mustapha NHN., Dynamic linkages among transport energy consumption, income and CO2 emission in Malaysia. Energ Policy 2014; 73: 598–606.
Begum RA, Sohag K, Abdullah SMS, et al, . CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic and population growth in Malaysia. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2015; 41: 594–601.
- Carmona M, Congregado E, Feria J, et al, . The energy-growth nexus reconsidered: persistence and causality. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2017; 71: 342–347.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Chandran VGR, Sharma S, Madhavan K., Electricity consumption- growth nexus: the case of Malaysia. Energ Policy 2010; 38: 606–612.
- Charfeddine L, Al-Malk AY, Al Korbi K., Is it possible to improve environmental quality without reducing economic growth: evidence from the Qatar economy. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2018; 82: 25–39.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Charfeddine L, Mrabet Z., The impact of economic development and social-political factors on ecological footprint: a panel data analysis for 15 MENA countries. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2017; 76: 138–154.
Ciarreta A, Zarraga A., Electricity consumption and economic growth in Spain. Appl Econ Lett 2010; 17: 1417–1421.
Cicea C, Marinescu C, Popa I, et al, . Environmental efficiency of investments in renewable energy: comparative analysis at macroeconomic level. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2014; 30: 555–564.
Cole M., Does trade liberalization increase national energy use? Econ Lett 2006; 92: 108–112.
Cowan WN, Chang T, Inglesi-Lotz R, et al, . The nexus of electricity consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in the BRICS countries. Energ Policy 2014; 66: 359–368.
De Bruyn SM, van den Bergh JCJM, Opschoor JB., Economic growth and emissions: reconsidering the empirical basis of environmental Kuznets curves. Ecol Econ 1998; 25: 161–175.
Dedeoglu D, Kaya H., Energy use, exports, imports and GDP: new evidence from the OECD countries. Energ Policy 2013; 57: 469–476.
Dergiades T, Martinopoulos G, Tsoulifidis L., Energy consumption and economic growth: parametric and non- parametric causality testing for the case of Greece. Energ Econ 2013; 36: 686–697.
- Dickey DA, Fuller WA., Distribution of the estimators for the autoregressive time series with a unit root. J Am Stat Assoc 1979; 74: 427–431.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Dinda S, Coondoo D., Income and emission: a panel data- based cointegration analysis. Ecol Econ 2006; 57: 167–181.
- Dogan E, Ozturk I., The influence of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and real income on CO2 emissions in the USA: evidence from structural break tests. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24: 10846–10854.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Engle RF, Granger CWJ., Cointegration and error correction representation: estimation and testing. Econometrica 1987; 55: 251–276.
- Erkan C, Mucuk M, Uysal D., The impact of energy consumption on exports: the Turkish case. Asian J Business Manage 2010; 2: 17–23.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Erol U, Yu ESH., On the causal relationship between energy and income for industrialised countries. J Energ Develop 1987; 13: 113–122.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Eurostat Consumption of energy, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Consumption_of_energy (accessed 7 February 2018). http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Consumption_of_energy .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Eurostat Greenhouse gas emission statistics- emission inventories, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Greenhouse_gas_emission_statistics_-_emission_inventories (accessed 7 January 2018). http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Greenhouse_gas_emission_statistics_-_emission_inventories .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Fan Y, Zhang X, Zhu L., Estimating the macroeconomic costs of CO2 emission reduction in China based on multi-objective programming. Adv Climate Change Res 2010; 1: 27–33.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Fang Y., Economic welfare impacts from renewable energy consumption: the China experience. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2011; 15: 5120–5128.
Fatai K, Oxley L, Scrimgeour FG., Modelling the causal relationship between energy consumption and GDP in New Zealand, Australia, India, Indonesia, The Philippines and Thailand. Math Comput Simulat 2004; 64: 431–445.
Fodha M, Zaghdoud O., Economic growth and pollutant emissions in Tunisia: an empirical analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve. Energ Policy 2010; 38: 1150–1156.
Ghani GM., Does trade liberalization affect energy consumption? Energ Policy 2012; 43: 285–290.
Ghosh S., Examining carbon emissions economic growth nexus for India: a multivariate cointegration approach. Energ Policy 2010; 38: 3008–3014.
- Gozgor G., Does trade matter for carbon emissions in OECD countries? Evidence from a new trade openness measure. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24: 27813–27821.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Grossman GM, Krueger AB., Environmental impact of a North American free trade agreement, National Bureau of Economic Research. Working Paper 3194, 1991.
Hajko V., The failure of energy-economy nexus: a meta-analysis of 104 studies. Energy 2017; 125: 771–787.
- Haliciouglu F., A dynamic econometric study of income, energy, and exports in Turkey. Energy 2011; 36: 3348–3354.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Haliciouglu F., An econometric study of CO2 emissions, energy consumption, income and foreign trade in Turkey. Energ Policy 2009; 37: 1156–1164.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Han C, Lee H., Dependence of economic growth on CO2 emissions. J Econ Dev 2009; 38: 47–57.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Holtz-Eakin D, Selden T., Stoking the fires? CO2 emissions and economic growth. J Public Econ 1995; 57: 85–101.
Hossain S., Panel estimation for CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, trade openness and urbanization of newly industrialized countries. Energ Policy 2011; 39: 6991–6999.
Ibrahim MH., Sectoral effects of monetary policy: evidence from Malaysia. Asian Econ J 2005; 19: 83–102.
Inglesi-Lotz R., The impact of renewable energy consumption to economic growth: a panel data application. Energ Econ 2016; 53: 58–63.
Jaunky VC., The CO2 emissions- income nexus: evidence from rich countries. Energ Policy 2011; 39: 1228–1240.
- Jebli MB, Youssef SB, Ozturk I., Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: the renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and trade in OECD countries. Ecol Indic 2016; 60: 824–831.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Jebli MB, Youssef SB, Ozturk I., The role of renewable energy consumption and trade: environmental Kuznets curve analysis for Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Afr Dev Rev 2015; 27: 288–300.
Jena PR, Grote U., Growth- trade- environment nexus in India. Econ Bull 2008; 17: 1–17.
Jobert T, Karanfil F., Sectoral energy consumption by source and economic growth in Turkey. Energ Policy 2007; 35: 5447–5456.
Johansen S., Estimation and hypothesis testing of Cointegration vector in Gaussian vector autoregressive models. Econometrica 1991; 59: 1551–1580.
- Joo Y-J, Kim CS, Yoo S-H., Energy consumption, CO2 emission, and economic growth: evidence from Chile. Int J Green Energy 2015; 12: 543–550.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Kasman A, Duman Y., CO2 emissions, economic growth, energy consumption, trade and urbanization in new EU member and candidate countries: a panel data analysis. Econ Model 2015; 44: 97–103.
- Kraft J, Kraft A., On the relationship between energy and GNP. J Energ Develop 1978; 3: 401–403.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Kula F., The long-run relationship between electricity consumption and GDP: evidence from panel data. Energ Source Part B 2014; 9: 156–160.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Kyophilavong P, Shahbaz M, Anwar S, et al, . The energy-growth nexus in Thailand: does trade openness boost up energy consumption? Renew Sust Energ Rev 2015; 46: 265–274.
Kyophilavong P, Shahbaz M, Kim B, Oh J-S., A note on the electricity-growth nexus in Lao PDR. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2017; 77: 1251–1260.
Lean HH, Smyth R., Multivariate Granger causality between electricity generation, exports, prices and GDP in Malaysia. Energy 2010; 35: 3640–3648.
Lean HH, Smyth R., On the dynamics of aggregate output, electricity consumption and exports in Malaysia: evidence from multivariate Granger causality tests. Appl Energ 2010; 87: 1963–1971.
Lee CC., Energy consumption and GDP in developing countries: a cointegrated panel analysis. Energ Econ 2005; 27: 415–427.
Lise W, van Montfort K., Energy consumption and GDP in Turkey: is there a co-integration relationship? Energ Econ 2007; 29: 1166–1178.
Lucas R, Wheeler D, Hettige H., Economic development, environmental regulation, and the international migration of toxic industrial pollution: 1960–88, Policy Research Working Paper Series 1062. World Development Report. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1992.
Machado G, Schaeffer R, Worrell E, , Energyet al, . embodied in the international trade of Brazil: an input-output approach. Ecol Econ 2001; 39: 409–424.
Magnani N, Vanona A., Regional spillover effects of renewable energy generation in Italy. Energ Policy 2013; 56: 663–671.
- Mahmoodi M, Mahmoodi E., Renewable energy consumption and economic growth: the case of 7 Asian developing countries. Am J Sci Res 2011; 35: 146–152.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Marques A, Fuinhas J., Is renewable energy effective in promoting growth? Energy Policy 2012; 46: 434–442.
Menegaki AN, Ozturk I., Growth and energy nexus in Europe revisited: evidence from a fixed effects political economy model. Energ Policy 2013; 61: 881–887.
Menegaki AN., Growth and renewable energy in Europe: a random effect model with evidence for neutrality hypothesis. Energ Econ 2011; 33: 257–263.
Menyah K, Wolde-Rufael Y., Energy consumption, pollutant emissions and economic growth in South Africa. Energ Econ 2010; 32: 1374–1382.
Mirza FM, Kanwal A., Energy consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth in Pakistan: dynamic causality analysis. Renew Sust Eneerg Rev 2017; 72: 1233–1240.
Moomaw WR, Unruh G., Are environmental Kuznets curves misleading us? The case of CO2 emissions. Envir Dev Econ 1997; 2: 451–463.
Moutinho V, Robaina M., Is the share of renewable energy sources determining the CO2 kWh and income relation in electricity generation? Renew Sust Energ Rev 2016; 65: 902–914.
Narayan P, Prasad A., Electricity consumption- real GDP causality nexus – evidence from a bootstrapped causality test for 30 OECD countries. Energ Policy 2008; 36: 910–918.
Narayan P, Smyth R., Energy consumption and real GDP in G7 countries: new evidence from panel cointegration with structural breaks. Energ Econ 2008; 30: 2331–2341.
Narayan PK, Smyth R., Multivariate Granger causality between electricity consumption, exports and GDP: evidence from a panel of Middle Eastern countries. Energ Policy 2009; 37: 229–236.
Nasreen S, Anwar S., Causal relationship between trade openness, economic growth and energy consumption: a panel data analysis of Asian countries. Energy Policy 2014; 69: 82–91.
Nnaji C, Chukwu J, Moses N., Does domestic energy consumption contribute exports? Empirical evidence from Nigeria. Int J Energy Econ Policy 2013; 3: 297–306.
- Obradović S, Lojanica N., Energy use, CO2 emissions and economic growth- causality on a sample of SEE countries. Econ Res 2017; 30: 511–526.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Ocal O, Aslan A., Renewable energy consumption–economic growth nexus in Turkey. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2013; 28: 494–499.
Omri A., CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth nexus in MENA countries: evidence from simultaneous equations models. Energ Econ 2013; 40: 657–664.
Ouyang X, Lin B., An analysis of the driving forces of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in China’s industrial sector. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2015; 45: 838–849.
- Ozturk I, Acaravci A., Energy consumption, CO2 emissions, economic growth, and foreign trade relationship in Cyprus and Malta. Energ Source Part B 2016; 11: 321–327.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Pao H-T, Tsai C-M., Multivariate Granger causality between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, FDI (foreign direct investment) and GDP (gross domestic product): evidence from a panel of BRIC (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, and China) countries. Energy 2011; 36: 685–693.
Pao H-T, Yu H-C, Yang Y-H., Modeling the CO2 emissions, energy use, and economic growth in Russia. Energy 2011; 36: 5094–5100.
Payne J., Survey of the international evidence on the causal relationship between energy consumption and growth. J Econ Stud 2010; 37: 53–95.
- Pesaran MH, Shin Y., An autoregressive distributed-led modeling approach to cointegration analysis. In: Strom S, (ed.) Econometrics and economic theory in the 20th century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp.371–413.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Rafindadi A., Does the need for economic growth influence energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Nigeria? Evidence from the innovation accounting test. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2016; 62: 1209–1225.
Rafindadi AA, Ozturk I., Impacts of renewable energy consumption on the German economic growth: evidence from combined cointegration test. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2017; 75: 1130–1141.
Reynolds D, Kolodziej M., Former Soviet Union oil production and GDP decline: Granger causality and the multi-cycle Hubbert curve. Energ Econ 2008; 30: 271–289.
Saboori B, Sapri M, bin Baba M., Economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)’s transport sector: a fully modified bi-directional relationship approach. Energy 2014; 66: 150–161.
Sadorsky P., Energy consumption, output and trade in South America. Energ Econ 2012; 34: 476–488.
Sadorsky P., Trade and energy consumption in the Middle East. Energy Econ 2011; 33: 739–749.
- Saidi K, Hammami S., The impact of CO2 emissions and economic growth on energy consumption in 58 countries. Energy Rep 2015; 1: 62–70.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Salahuddin M, Alam K, Ozturk I, et al, . The effects of electricity consumption, economic growth, financial development and foreign direct investment on CO2 emissions in Kuwait. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2018; 81: 2002–2010.
Salahuddin M., Gow J., Economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Energy 2014; 73: 44–58.
Sari R, Ewing B, Soytas U., The relationship between disaggregate energy consumption and industrial production in the United States: an ARDL approach. Energ Econ 2008; 30: 2302–2313.
Say NP, Yucel M., Energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Turkey: empirical analysis and future projection based on an economic growth. Energ Policy 2006; 34: 3870–3876.
Sbia R, Shahbaz M, Hamdi H., A contribution of foreign direct investment, clean energy, trade openness, carbon emissions and economic growth to energy demand in UAE. Econ Model 2014; 36: 191–197.
Shafik N, Bandyopadhyay S., Economic growth and environmental quality: time series and cross-country evidence. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 904, 1992.
Shahbaz M, Al Nasir M, Roubaud D., Environmental degradation in France: the effects of FDI, financial development and energy innovations. Energ Econ 2018; 74: 843–857.
Shahbaz M, Bhattacharya M, Ahmed K., CO2 emissions in Australia: economic and non-economic drivers in the long-run. Appl Econ 2017; 49: 1273–1286.
Shahbaz M, Khan S, Tahir MJ., The dynamic links between energy consumption, economic growth, financial development and trade in China: fresh evidence from multivariate framework analysis. Energ Econ 2013; 40: 8–21.
- Shahbaz M, Lean HH, Shabbir MS., Environmental Kuznets curve and the role of energy consumption in Pakistan. Discussion Paper, DEVDP 10/05, Development Research Unit, Monash University, Australia, 2010.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Shahbaz M, Nasreen S, Ling CH, et al, . Causality between trade openness and energy consumption: what causes what in high, middle and low income countries. Energ Policy 2014; 70: 126–143.
Shahbaz M, Solarin SA, Ozturk I., Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis and the role of globalization in selected African countries. Ecol Indic 2016; 67: 623–636.
Soytas U, Sari R, Ewing B., Energy consumption, income, and carbon emissions in the United States. Ecol Econ 2007; 62: 482–489.
Soytas U, Sari R., Energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emissions: challenges faced by an EU candidate member. Ecol Econ 2009; 68: 1667–1675.
Stern DI., The rise and fall of the environmental Kuznets curve. World Dev 2004; 32: 1419–1139.
- Taghavee VM, Aloo AS, Shirazi JK., Energy, environment, and economy interactions in Iran with cointegrated and ECM simultaneous model. Proc Econ Finance 2016; 36: 414–424.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Tiwari AK., Energy consumption, CO2 emission and economic growth: a revisit of the evidence from India. Appl Econ Int Dev 2011; 11: 165–189.
- Tiwari AK., Energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth: a revisit of the evidence from India. Appl Econ Int Dev 2011; 11: 165–189.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Uddin MGS, Bidisha SH, Ozturk I., Carbon emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth relationship in Sri Lanka. Energ Source Part B 2016; 11: 282–287.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Wang KM., The relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth: quantile panel-type analysis. Qual Quant 2013; 47: 1337–1366.
Wang Y, Han R, Kubota J., Is there an Environmental Kuznets Curve for SO2 emissions? A semi-parametric panel data analysis for China. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2016; 54: 1182–1188.
Wolde-Rufael Y., Disaggregated industrial energy consumption and GDP: the case of Shanghai, 1952–1999. Energ Econ 2004; 26: 69–75.
World Bank. World development indicators. Washington (DC): World Bank, 2017.
- World Economic forum. The Global Competitiveness Report 2017–2018, www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-competitiveness-report-2017-2018 (accessed 7 February 2018). www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-competitiveness-report-2017-2018 .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Yang HY., A note on the causal relationship between energy and GDP in Taiwan. Energ Econ 2000; 22: 309–317.
- Yule U., Why do we sometimes get nonsense-correlations between time series? A study in sampling and the nature of time series. J R Stat Soc 1926; 89: 1–63.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Zambrano-Monserrate MA, Troccoly-Quiroz A, Pacheco- Borja MJ., Testing the Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Iceland: 1960–2010. Rev Econ Del Rosario 2016; 19: 5–28.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Zhang X-P, Cheng X-M., Energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth in China. Ecol Econ 2009; 68: 2706–2712.
Zivot E, Andrews D., Further evidence on the Great crash, the oil-price shock, and the unit root hypothesis. J Bus Econ Stat 1992; 10: 251–270.