- Alavy K., Gaskell A., Leach S., Szymanski S, . (2010). On the edge of your seat: Demand for football on television and the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis. International Journal of Sport Finance, 5(2), 75–95.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Andreff W., (2019). Origins and developments of sports systems. In Downward P., Frick B., Humphreys B. R., Pawlowski T., Ruseski J. E., Soebbing B. P., (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of sports economics (pp. 8–18). SAGE.
BaÄ ik V., KlobuÄ nÃk M., Mignot J. F, . (2019). What made the tour successful? Competitive balance in the tour de France, 1947–2017. Sport in Society, 24(2), 147–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2019.1621844.
- BBC. (2005). Super League set for 2009 changes. BBC Sport. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/ .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- BBC. (2020). Super League clubs vote to keep existing salary cap level. BBC Sport. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/ .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Booth R, . (2004). The economics of achieving competitive balance in the Australian Football League, 1897–2004. Economic Papers: A Journal of Applied Economics and Policy, 23(4), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.2004.tb00986.x.
Booth R, . (2005). Comparing competitive balance in Australian Sports Leagues: Does a salary cap and player draft measure up? Sport Management Review, 8(2), 119–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523(05)70036-X.
Borland J., MacDonald R, . (2003). Demand for sport. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 19(4), 478–502.
- Bower A., (2017). Super League clubs vote for salary cap rise and second marquee player. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/sport/ https://www.theguardian.com/sport/ .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Budzinski O., Pawlowski T, . (2017). The behavioral economics of competitive balance: Theories, findings, and implications. International Journal of Sport Finance, 12(2).
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Buraimo B., Simmons R, . (2008). Do sports fans really value uncertainty of outcome? Evidence from the English Premier League. International Journal of Sport Finance, 3(3), 146–155.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Buraimo B., Simmons R, . (2009). A tale of two audiences: Spectators, television viewers and outcome uncertainty in Spanish football. Journal of Economics and Business, 61(4), 326–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2008.10.002.
Caporale T., Collier T. C, . (2015). Are we getting better or are they getting worse? Draft position, strength of schedule, and competitive balance in the National Football League. Journal of Labor Research, 36(3), 291–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-015-9206-z.
Coates D., Humphreys B. R, . (2012). Game attendance and outcome uncertainty in the National Hockey League. Journal of Sports Economics, 13(4), 364–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002512450260.
Coates D., Humphreys B. R., Zhou L, . (2014). Reference-dependent preferences, loss aversion, and live game attendance. Economic Inquiry, 52(3), 959–973. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12061.
- Collins T., (2006). Rugby league in twentieth century Britain: A social and cultural history. Routledge.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Cox A, . (2018). Spectator demand, uncertainty of results, and public interest: Evidence from the English Premier League. Journal of Sports Economics, 19(1), 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002515619655.
- Dabscheck B, . (1975) ‘Sporting equality: Labour market v product market control’, Journal of Industrial Relations, 7, 174–190.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Dang T. M., Booth R., Brooks R., Schnytzer A, . (2015). Do TV viewers value uncertainty of outcome? Evidence from the Australian Football League. Economic Record, 91(295), 523–535. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4932.12206.
El-Hodiri M., Quirk J, . (1971). An economic model of a professional sports league. Journal of Political Economy, 79(6), 1302–1319.
- Evans R, . (2014). A review of measures of competitive balance in the “analysis of competitive balance†literature. Birkbeck Sport Business Centre Research Paper Series, 7(2), 1–59.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Falcous M, . (1998). TV made it all a new game: Not again! Rugby league and the case of the ‘superleague’. Occasional Papers in Football Studies, 1(1), 4–21.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Feddersen A., Rott A, . (2011). Determinants of demand for televised live football: Features of the German National Football Team. Journal of Sports Economics, 12(3), 352–369. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002511404783.
Flores R., Forrest D., Tena J. D. D, . (2010). Impact on competitive balance from allowing foreign players in a sports league: Evidence from European soccer. Kyklos, 63(4), 546–557. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2010.00487.x.
- Fort R, . (2019). Economic objective functions in team sports: A retrospective. The SAGE Handbook of Sports Economics, 125–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526470447.n13.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Fort R., (2017). Competitive balance in north American professional sports. In Handbook of sports economics research (pp. 190–206). Routledge.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Fort R., Quirk J, . (1995). Cross-subsidization, incentives, and outcomes in professional team sports leagues. Journal of Economic Literature, 33(3), 1265–1299.
Fort R., Quirk J, . (2004). Owner objectives and competitive balance. Journal of Sports Economics, 5(1), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002503261275.
- Hadfield D., (1996). Lindsay defends the Super League revolution. The Independent. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/ https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/ .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Jane W. J, . (2016). The effect of star quality on attendance demand: The case of the National Basketball Association. Journal of Sports Economics, 17(4), 396–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002514530405.
Késenne S, . (2000). Revenue sharing and competitive balance in professional team sports. Journal of Sports Economics, 1(1), 56–65.
Kendall G., Lenten L. J, . (2017). When sports rules go awry. European Journal of Operational Research, 257(2), 377–394.
King N., Owen P. D., Audas R, . (2012). Playoff uncertainty, match uncertainty and attendance at Australian National Rugby League matches. Economic Record, 88(281), 262–277.
Larsen A., Fenn A. J., Spenner E. L, . (2006). The impact of free agency and the salary cap on competitive balance in the National Football League. Journal of Sports Economics, 7(4), 374–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/2F1527002505279345.
Lee T, . (2010). Competitive balance in the National Football League after the 1993 collective bargaining agreement. Journal of Sports Economics, 11(1), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/2F1527002509336207.
Lenten L. J., Smith A. C., Boys N, . (2018). Evaluating an alternative draft pick allocation policy to reduce ‘tanking’ in the Australian Football League. European Journal of Operational Research, 267(1), 315–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.11.029.
- Macdonald R., Booth R., (2007). Around the grounds: A comparative analysis of football in Australia. In Stewart B., (Ed.), The games are not the same: The political economy of football in Australia (pp. 236–331). Melbourne University Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- McGaughey S. L., Liesch P. W, . (2002). The global sports–media nexus: Reflections on the ‘super league saga’ in Australia. Journal of Management Studies, 39(3), 383–416.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Michie J., Oughton C., (2004). Competitive balance in football: Trends and effects (pp. 1–38). The Sports Nexus.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Mills B., Fort R, . (2014). League-level attendance and outcome uncertainty in US pro sports leagues. Economic Inquiry, 52(1), 205–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12037.
- Mondal S, . (2021). She kicks: The state of competitive balance in the top five women’s football leagues in Europe. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.1875629.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Neale W. C, . (1964). The peculiar economics of professional sports. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 78(1), 1–14.
- NRL. (2020a). The Salary Cap. National Rugby League. Retrieved from https://www.nrl.com/operations/integrity/salary-cap/ https://www.nrl.com/operations/integrity/salary-cap/ .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- NRL. (2020b). Annual Report 2019. National Rugby League. Retrieved from https://www.nrl.com/siteassets/about/annual-reports/nrl_annualreport_2019.pdf https://www.nrl.com/siteassets/about/annual-reports/nrl_annualreport_2019.pdf .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Owen P. D., King N, . (2015). Competitive balance measures in sports leagues: The effects of variation in season length. Economic Inquiry, 53(1), 731–744. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12102.
Paul R. J., Weinbach A. P, . (2007). The uncertainty of outcome and scoring effects on Nielsen ratings for Monday night football. Journal of Economics and Business, 59(3), 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2006.05.001.
- Pawlowski T., Anders C, . (2012). Stadium attendance in German professional football—The (un) importance of uncertainty of outcome reconsidered. Applied Economics Letters, 19(16), 1553–1556. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2011.639725.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Pawlowski T., Nalbantis G., (2019). Competitive balance: Measurement and relevance. In Downward P., Frick B., Humphreys B. R., Pawlowski T., Ruseski J. E., Soebbing B. P., (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of sports economics (pp. 8–18). SAGE.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Pengilly A., Phillips S., (2020). Can your NRL club survive the coronavirus hiatus? The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au/sport/ https://www.smh.com.au/sport/ .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Plumley D., Mondal S., Wilson R., Ramchandani G, . (2020). Rising stars: Competitive balance in five Asian football leagues. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2020.1765700.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Plumley D., Ramchandani G. M., Wilson R, . (2018b). The unintended consequence of Financial Fair Play: An examination of competitive balance across five European football leagues. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-03-2018-0025.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Plumley D., Ramchandani G., Wilson R, . (2018a). Mind the gap: An analysis of competitive balance in the English football league system. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 18(5), 357–375.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Pomfret R., Wilson J. K, . (2011). The peculiar economics of government policy towards sport. Agenda: A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform, 18(1), 85–98.
- Press Association. (2020). Rugby league heading for ‘Armageddon’ without financial aid, warns Hull FC owner. BT Sports. Retrieved from https://www.bt.com/sport/news/ https://www.bt.com/sport/news/ .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Quirk J, Fort R., (1992) Pay dirt: The business of professional team sports, Princetown University Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Ramchandani G, . (2012). Competitiveness of the English Premier League (1992–2010) and ten European football leagues (2010). International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 12(2), 346–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2012.11868603.
- Ramchandani G., Plumley D., Boyes S., Wilson R, . (2018). A longitudinal and comparative analysis of competitive balance in five European football leagues. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 24(5/6), 265–282. https://doi.org/10.1108/TPM-09-2017-0055.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Rebeggiani L., (2016). The organizational structure of professional road cycling. In The economics of professional road cycling (pp. 33–54). Springer.
- RFL. (2020). Annual Report 2019. Rugby Football League. Retrieved from http://secure.rugby-league.com/ign_docs/Annual%20Report%202019%20FINAL.pdf http://secure.rugby-league.com/ign_docs/Annual%20Report%202019%20FINAL.pdf .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Rocke K. D, . (2019). Competitive balance within CONCACAF: A longitudinal and comparative descriptive review of the seasons 2002/2003–2017/2018. Managing Sport and Leisure, 24(6), 445–460.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Rohde M., Breuer C, . (2018). Competing by investments or efficiency? Exploring financial and sporting efficiency of club ownership structures in European football. Sport Management Review, 21(5), 563–581. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2019.1685403.
Rottenberg S, . (1956). The baseball players’ labor market. Journal of Political Economy, 64(3), 242–258.
Scelles N., Durand C., Bonnal L., Goyeau D., Andreff W, . (2013). Competitive balance versus competitive intensity before a match: Is one of these two concepts more relevant in explaining attendance? The case of the French football league 1 over the period 2008–2011. Applied Economics, 45(29), 4184–4192. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2013.770124.
Schreyer D., Schmidt S. L., Torgler B, . (2016). Against all odds? Exploring the role of game outcome uncertainty in season ticket holders' stadium attendance demand. Journal of Economic Psychology, 56, 192–217.
Schreyer D., Schmidt S. L., Torgler B, . (2017). Game outcome uncertainty and the demand for international football games: Evidence from the German TV market. Journal of Media Economics, 30(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2017.1281818.
Schreyer D., Schmidt S. L., Torgler B, . (2018). Predicting season ticket holder loyalty using geographical information. Applied Economics Letters, 25(4), 272–277.
- Skinner J, . & Edwards A, . (2007): Crashing through the class barrier: Rugby league’s metamorphosis. In Stewart B., (Ed), The games are not the same: The political economy of football in Australia (pp. 121–154). Melbourne University Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Sloane P. J, . (1971). Scottish journal of political economy: The economics of professional football: The football club as a utility maximiser. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 18(2), 121–146.
- Soebbing B. P, . (2008). Competitive balance and attendance in Major League Baseball: An empirical test of the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis. International Journal of Sport Finance, 3(2), 119–126.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Sport Industry AU. (2021). The AFL, NRL and Privatisation. Retrieved from http://www.footyindustry.com/?page_id=704 http://www.footyindustry.com/?page_id=704 .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Stewart M. F., Stavros C., Phillips P., Mitchell H., Barake A. J, . (2016). Like father, like son: Analyzing Australian football’s unique recruitment process. Journal of Sport Management, 30(6), 672–688. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2015-0254.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Szymanski S, . (2003). The economic design of sporting contests. Journal of Economic Literature, 41(4), 1137–1187.
Szymanski S., (2010). The comparative economics of sport. Springer.
Szymanski S., Késenne S, . (2004). Competitive balance and gate revenue sharing in team sports. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 52(1), 165–177.
- Vrooman J, . (1997). A unified theory of capital and labor markets in major league baseball. Southern Economic Journal, 594–619.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Willacy G., (2018). Super League’s global growth may expose England’s low-income clubs. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/sport/ https://www.theguardian.com/sport/ .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Wilson R., Plumley D., Barrett D, . (2015). Staring into the abyss? The state of UK rugby’s Super League. Managing Sport and Leisure, 20(6), 293–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2016.1141367.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now