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1. (Credit history>3 yrs) -0.0086 -0.0002 (0.0214) (0.0214) Cointimmi× Main competitors 0.2073*** 0.2265*** (0.0096) (0.0094) Cointimmi× Cooperative -0.2026*** -0.2208*** (0.0117) (0.0114) Singleimmi× Credit history -0.0078*** (0.0015) Singleimmi× 1 (Credit history>3 yrs) -0.0746*** (0.0131) Singleimmi× Main competitors -0.0082 (0.0114) Singleimmi× Cooperative -0.0914*** (0.0138) Time FE YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Prov. FE YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Bank FE YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES R-squared 0.4071 0.4070 0.4070 0.4071 0.4451 0.4450 0.4455 0.4453 0.4243 0.4242 0.4245 0.4244 Observations 490,189 490,189 490,189 490,189 464,152 464,152 464,152 464,152 954,341 954,341 954,341 954,341 Notes.
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31. Cooperative -0.1021*** (0.0142) Cointimmi× Credit history -0.0006 0.0001 (0.0023) (0.0023) Cointimmi× 1
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32. Cooperative -0.1755** -0.1909** (0.0850) (0.0906) Singleimmi x Cooperative -0.0756* (0.0421) Time X bank FE YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Time X Province FE YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES R-squared 0.4032 0.4032 0.4032 0.4032 0.4377 0.4376 0.4383 0.4379 0.4179 0.4178 0.4182 0.4180 Observations 490,189 490,189 490,189 490,189 464,152 464,152 464,152 464,152 954,341 954,341 954,341 954,341 Notes.
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33. Cooperative -0.1760** -0.1931** (0.0830) (0.0896) Time X bank FE YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Time X Province FE YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES R-squared 0.4159 0.4160 0.4159 0.4160 0.4539 0.4539 0.4545 0.4541 0.4316 0.4316 0.4320 0.4318 Observations 490,189 490,189 490,189 490,189 464,152 464,152 464,152 464,152 954,341 954,341 954,341 954,341 Notes.
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61. Note. This Figure shows the percentage of households in different tenure types in latest year available (2019 or 2018). Data source: OECD, Housing Market database, available at https://www.oecd.org/housing/data/affordable-housing-database/housing-market.html. Figure 3: Interest rate on mortgage loans. (a) ARMs versus FRMs (b) ARMs versus FRMs for immigrants and native Note. Plot (a) shows the average interest rate in percentage on adjusted-rate and fixed-rate mortgage contracts; plot (b) shows the average interest rates (%) paid by immigrant and native mortgagors on ARM and FRM contracts. Data source: Bank of Italy, Central Credit Register.
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69. Single-name mortgages Joint mortgages Full sample (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Immigrant 0.1803*** 0.1801*** 0.1644*** 0.1849*** (0.0325) (0.0332) (0.0337) (0.0319) Cointimmi 0.2424*** 0.2424*** 0.1552*** 0.2678*** 0.3314*** 0.3294*** 0.2372*** 0.3583*** (0.0592) (0.0591) (0.0418) (0.0642) (0.0644) (0.0640) (0.0401) (0.0701) Singleimmi 0.1587*** 0.1599*** 0.1444*** 0.1601*** (0.0375) (0.0383) (0.0339) (0.0360) Cointmix 0.1507*** 0.1494*** 0.1508*** 0.1505*** (0.0256) (0.0256) (0.0258) (0.0256) Cointnat 0.0437*** 0.0425*** 0.0440*** 0.0435*** (0.0101) (0.0102) (0.0103) (0.0101) Credit history -0.0118*** -0.0053*** -0.0080*** (0.0025) (0.0019) (0.0020) Immigrant × Credit history -0.0037 (0.0034) Cointimmi × Credit history 0.0004 0.0008 (0.0040) (0.0038) Singleimmi × Credit history -0.0047 (0.0038) 1
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71. Table 1: Top 20 countries of origin of immigrants residing in Italy. 2011 2016 Romania 9,88,576 Romania 1,151,395 Albania 482,627 Albania 467,687 Morocco 452,424 Morocco 437,485 China 209,934 China 271,330 Ukraine 200,730 Ukraine 230,728 Philippines 134,154 Philippines 165,900 Moldova 130,948 India 150,456 India 121,036 Moldova 142,266 Poland 109,018 Bangladesh 118,790 Tunisia 106,291 Egypt 109,871 Perù 98,603 Perù 103,714 Ecuador 91,625 Sri Lanka 102,316 Egypt 90,365 Pakistan 101,784 Macedonia 89,900 Senegal 98,176 Bangladesh 82,451 Poland 97,986 Sri Lanka 81,094 Tunisia 95,645 Senegal 80,989 Ecuador 87,427 Pakistan 75,720 Nigeria 77,264 Nigeria 53,613 Macedonia 73,512 Serbia 52,954 Bulgaria 58,001 Note. Foreign-born population by country of origin. Data source: the Italian National Statistics Institute (ISTAT), available at http://dati.istat.it. Table 2: Variables for the mortgage pricing analysis: description and statistics.
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72. Table A8: Mortgage pricing regression resultsAugmented model: borrowers’ credit history, dominant lenders and cooperative banks Single-name mortgages Joint mortgages Full sample (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Immigrant 0.2149*** 0.2144*** 0.1980*** 0.2145*** (0.0072) (0.0072) (0.0075) (0.0070) Singleimmi 0.1926*** 0.1935*** 0.1780*** 0.1894*** (0.0065) (0.0065) (0.0069) (0.0064) Cointimmi 0.2839*** 0.2836*** 0.2060*** 0.3126*** 0.3846*** 0.3824*** 0.3003*** 0.4146*** (0.0062) (0.0062) (0.0069) (0.0065) (0.0056) (0.0056) (0.0063) (0.0059) Cointmix 0.1674*** 0.1662*** 0.1674*** 0.1671*** (0.0048) (0.0048) (0.0048) (0.0048) Cointnat 0.0545*** 0.0535*** 0.0547*** 0.0543*** (0.0021) (0.0021) (0.0021) (0.0021) Credit history -0.0125*** -0.0058*** -0.0084*** (0.0004) (0.0004) (0.0003) Immigrant × Credit history -0.0069*** (0.0015) 1
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73. Tang, F. and H. Ishwaran (2017). Random forest missing data algorithms. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 10(6), 363–377.
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74. This table presents the coefficients from OLS regressions for mortgages to natural persons included in the Bank of Italy’s Central Credit Register and ASLIR survey in the period 2011-2016. The single-name mortgages sample includes loans in name of a single borrower; the joint mortgages sample includes loans made out to two co-borrowers. The dependent variable is APR, the annual interest rate charged to borrowers on granted mortgages in percentage points. Description of moderators is reported in table 2. All columns include the same control variables of specifications [2], [5], and [6] in Table4. Robust standard errors clustered standard errors at the bank level are in parentheses. ***p-value < 0.001, **p-value < 0.01, *p-value < 0.05.
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75. Thoemmes, F. J. and E. S. Kim (2011). A systematic review of propensity score methods in the social sciences. Multivariate Behavioral Research 46(1), 90–118.
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76. Trucchi, S. (2016). Credit markets and housing choices. Bulletin of Economic Research 68(S1), 1–19.

77. Turner, M. A. and F. Skidmore (1999). Mortgage lending discrimination: A review of existing evidence. Washington DC: The Urban Institute.
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78. Wei, B. and F. Zhao (2022). Racial disparities in mortgage lending: New evidence based on processing time. Review of Corporate Finance Studies (in press). Main figures and tables Figure 1: Foreign population in Italy. (a) Inflows of foreign population (b) Share of foreign-born population Note. Plot (a) shows the number of foreign-born people legally entered in Italy by year; plot (b) shows the stock of foreign-born population in Italy as percentage of total population. Data source: the ”OECD International Migration Database” available at https://www.oecd.org/migration/keystat.htm. Figure 2: Housing occupancy rates.

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25. Banks, Lies and Bricks: The Determinants of Home Value Inflation in Spain during the Housing Boom. (2015). Serrano, Lluis Diaz.
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26. Gender Differences in Bank Loan Access: An Empirical Analysis. (2015). GIOMBINI, GERMANA ; Calcagnini, Giorgio ; Lenti, Elisa.
    In: Italian Economic Journal: A Continuation of Rivista Italiana degli Economisti and Giornale degli Economisti.
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27. Gender Biases in Bank Lending: Lessons from Microcredit in France. (2015). Szafarz, Ariane ; Cozarenco, Anastasia.
    In: Working Papers CEB.
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28. Who Bears the Pen? Relative Income and Gender Gap in Mortgage Signing Order. (2015). yao, vincent ; Green, Richard ; Agarwal, Sumit ; Zhang, Jian ; Rosenblatt, Eric.
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29. Wealth distribution within couples. (2015). Sierminska, Eva ; Marcus, Jan ; Grabka, Markus.
    In: Review of Economics of the Household.
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30. Entrepreneurship Competence: An Overview of Existing Concepts, Policies and Initiatives – Final report. (2015). Conrads, Johannes ; Komarkova, Ivana ; Gagliardi, Dimitri ; Collado, Antonio.
    In: JRC Research Reports.
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31. Asymmetric information in securitization: An empirical assessment. (2015). salleo, carmelo ; Gambacorta, Leonardo ; Albertazzi, Ugo ; Eramo, Ginette.
    In: Journal of Monetary Economics.
    RePEc:eee:moneco:v:71:y:2015:i:c:p:33-49.

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32. Gender bias and credit access. (2015). Popov, Alexander ; Ongena, Steven.
    In: Working Paper Series.
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33. How financially literate are women? An overview and new insights. (2014). van Rooij, Maarten ; Lusardi, Annamaria ; Alessie, rob ; Bucher-Koenen, Tabea.
    In: NBER Working Papers.
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34. How Financially Literate are Women? An Overview and New Insights. (2014). van Rooij, Maarten ; Lusardi, Annamaria ; Alessie, rob ; Van Rooij, Maarten C. J., ; Bucher-Koenen, Tabea ; Alessie, Rob J. M., .
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35. Mortgages, immigrants and discrimination: An analysis of the interest rates in Spain. (2014). Diaz-Serrano, Luis ; Raya, Josep M..
    In: Regional Science and Urban Economics.
    RePEc:eee:regeco:v:45:y:2014:i:c:p:22-32.

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36. Political connections and preferential lending at local level: Some evidence from the Italian credit market. (2014). Infante, Luigi ; Piazza, M..
    In: Journal of Corporate Finance.
    RePEc:eee:corfin:v:29:y:2014:i:c:p:246-262.

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37. The Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship: Not Just a Matter of Personality. (2014). Kritikos, Alexander ; Fossen, Frank ; Caliendo, Marco ; Wetter, Miriam.
    In: CESifo Working Paper Series.
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38. Discrimination Without Taste - How Discrimination can Spillover and Persist. (2014). Rauh, Christopher ; Ramachandran, Rajesh.
    In: Cambridge Working Papers in Economics.
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39. Women’s Access to Credit in France: How Microfinance Institutions Import Disparate Treatment from Banks. (2013). Szafarz, Ariane ; Cozarenco, Anastasia.
    In: Working Papers CEB.
    RePEc:sol:wpaper:2013/150093.

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40. Financial risk taking, gender and social identity - Evidence from national surveys of household finance. (2013). Schäfer, Dorothea ; Barasinska, Nataliya ; Schfer, Dorothea.
    In: LWS Working papers.
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41. Wealth Distribution within Couples. (2013). Sierminska, Eva ; Marcus, Jan ; Grabka, Markus.
    In: IZA Discussion Papers.
    RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7637.

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42. Female Access to Credit in France: How Microfinance Institutions Import Disparate Treatment from Banks. (2013). Szafarz, Ariane ; Cozarenco, Anastasia.
    In: Working Papers.
    RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-00874448.

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43. Wealth Distribution within Couples and Financial Decision Making. (2013). Sierminska, Eva ; Marcus, Jan ; Grabka, Markus.
    In: SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research.
    RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp540.

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44. Female entrepreneurs in trouble: do their bad loans last longer?. (2013). Mistrulli, Paolo Emilio ; Marcucci, Juri.
    In: Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers).
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45. Credit access for female firms: evidence from a survey on European SMEs. (2013). Vacca, Valerio ; Stefani, Maria Lucia.
    In: Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers).
    RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_176_13.

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46. Definitions Matter: Measuring Gender Gaps in Firms Access to Credit. (2013). Rabellotti, Roberta ; Presbitero, Andrea ; Piras, Claudia.
    In: Mo.Fi.R. Working Papers.
    RePEc:anc:wmofir:90.

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47. Female Access to Credit in France: How Microfinance Institutions Import Disparate Treatment from Banks. (2013). Szafarz, Ariane ; Cozarenco, Anastasia.
    In: AMSE Working Papers.
    RePEc:aim:wpaimx:1350.

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48. Collateral Requirements of SMEs:The Evidence from Less–Developed Countries. (2012). Bazzana, Flavio ; Hanedar, Elmas Yaldiz ; Broccardo, Eleonora.
    In: Centro Studi di Banca e Finanza (CEFIN) (Center for Studies in Banking and Finance).
    RePEc:mod:wcefin:12111.

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49. Are Women More Credit-Constrained than Men?: Evidence from a Rising Credit Market. (2010). Barasinska, Nataliya ; Schafer, Dorothea.
    In: Working Paper / FINESS.
    RePEc:diw:diwfin:diwfin06030.

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50. Financial Development, Gender and Entrepreneurship. (2009). Llussá, Fernanda ; Llussa, Fernanda .
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51. The effect of social capital on financial capital. (2009). Tribó, Josep ; Kim, Moshe ; Tribo, Josep A. ; Surroca, Jordi.
    In: INDEM - Working Paper Business Economic Series.
    RePEc:cte:idrepe:id-09-02.

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52. Default Predictors and Credit Scoring Models for Retail Banking. (2009). Vojtek, Martin ; Kočenda, Evžen ; Kocenda, Even.
    In: CESifo Working Paper Series.
    RePEc:ces:ceswps:_2862.

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