- Adorno S, Salla F (2007) Criminalidade organizada nas prisões e os ataques do PCC [Organized crime in prisons and PCC attacks]. Estudos Avançados 21:7–29.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- ANADEP (2015) Inconstitucionalidade da Redução da Imputabilidade Penal [Unconstitutionality of the Reduction of Criminal Responsibility]. Technical Report, Associação Nacional das Defensoras e Defensores Públicos - ANADEP.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Apel R (2013) Sanctions, perceptions, and crime: implications for criminal deterrence. J Quant Criminol 29:67–101.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Arora A (2019) Juvenile crime and anticipated punishment. Working paper. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3095312 .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Beato CC, Assunção RM, da Silva BFA, Marinho FC, Reis IA, de Mattos Almeida MC (2001) Homicide clusters and drug traffic in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil from 1995 to 1999. Cadernos de Saúde Pública.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Becker G, Stigler G (1974) Law enforcement, malfeasance, and compensation of enforcers. J Leg Stud 3:1–18.
- Becker GS (1968) Crime and punishment: an economic approach. J Polit Econ 76:169–217.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Bell B, Jaitman L, Machin S (2014) Crime deterrence: evidence from the London 2011 riots. Econ J 124:480–506.
- BRASIL (1940) Código Penal [Penal Code], Decree-Law no 2.848. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/decreto-lei/del2848compilado.htm .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- BRASIL (1990) Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente [Statute of Children and Adolescents], Federal Law no 8.069. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l8069.htm .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Britto D, Pinotti P, Sampaio B (2020) The effect of job loss and unemployment insurance on crime in Brazil. Institute of Labor Economics - IZA, Discussion Paper No. 13280.
- Broidy LM, Daday JK, Crandall CS, Sklar DP, Jost PF (2006) Exploring demographic, structural, and behavioral overlap among homicide offenders and victims. Homicide Stud 10:155–180.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Bun M, Kelaher R, Sarafidis V, Weatherburn D (2020) Crime, deterrence and punishment revisited. Empir Econ 59:2303–2333.
Carpenter C, Dobkin C (2009) The effect of alcohol consumption on mortality: regression discontinuity evidence from the minimum drinking age. Am Econ J Appl Econ 1:164–82.
Cattaneo MD, Jansson M, Ma X (2018) Manipulation testing based on density discontinuity. Stand Genomic Sci 18:234–261.
- Cerqueira D (2013) Mapa de Homicídios Ocultos no Brasil [Map of hidden homicides in Brazil]. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA, Discussion Paper 1848.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Chalfin A, McCrary J (2017) Criminal deterrence: a review of the literature. J Econ Lit 55:5–48.
- Circo G, Scranton A (2020) Did Connecticut’s “Raise the Age” increase motor vehicle thefts? Crim Justice Policy Rev 31:1217–1233.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Costa FJ, Faria JSD, Iachan FS, Caballero B (2018) Homicides and the age of criminal responsibility: a density discontinuity approach. Econ J 19:59–92.
- Cullen FT, Agnew R (2011) Criminological theory: past to present : essential readings. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- de Carvalho Silva L, Gaudêncio M (2021) Onde mora a impunidade? Porque o Brasil precisa de um Indicador Nacional de Esclarecimento de Homicídios [Where does impunity live? Why Brazil needs a national indicator of homicide resolution rate]. Technical Report, Instituto Sou da Paz.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- de Castro MSM, Assunção RM, Durante MO (2003) Data comparison on homicide deaths between two information systems, Brazil. Revista de Saúde Pública 37:168–176.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- DEPEN (2014) Levantamento nacional de informações penitenciárias [National survey of prison information]. Ministry of Justice, Brasília. Technical Report, Renato Campos Pinto De Vitto (Coord.).
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
DiNardo J, Lee DS (2004) Economic impacts of new unionization on private sector employers: 1984–2001*. Q J Econ 119:1383–1441.
Doyle Joseph J (2007) Child protection and child outcomes: measuring the effects of foster care. Am Econ Rev 97:1583–1610.
Ehrlich I (1975) The deterrent effect of capital punishment: a question of life and death. Am Econ Rev 65:397–417.
- ENASP (2012) Meta 2: A impunidade como alvo - Diagnóstico da investigação de homicídios no Brasil [Goal 2: Impunity as a target—diagnosis of the investigation of homicides in Brazil]. Estratégia Nacional de Justiça e Segurança Pública - ENASP. Technical Report, Conselho Nacional do Ministério Público.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Erdmann A, Reinecke J (2019) What influences the victimization of high-level offenders?A dual trajectory analysis of the victim–offender overlap from the perspective of routine activities with peer groups.J Interpers Viol 36: 9317–9343 .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Estado (2020) Prescrição atinge 30% dos crimes contra a vida [Prescription reaches 30% of crimes against life]. Estado de São Paulo newspaper. https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,prescricao-atinge-30-dos-crimes-contra-a-vida,70003216331 .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- EUROSTAT (2021) Statistics explained: crime statistics. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Crime_statistics#intentional_homicides_in_the_EU-27_in_2018 . Accessed 10 Sept 2021.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Fajnzylber P, Lederman D, Loayza N (2002) Inequality and violent crime. J Law Econ 45:1–39.
- Fan J, Hu T-C, Huang L, Gijbels I (1998) A study of variable bandwidth selection for local polynomial regression. Stat Sin 6:113–127.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Folha (2018) Total de mortes violentas no Brasil é maior do que da guerra na Síria [Total violent deaths in Brazil is greater than the war in Syria]. Folha de São Paulo newspaper. https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2018/06/total-de-mortes-violentas-no-brasil-e-maior-do-que-o-da-guerra-na-siria.shtml .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Folha (2019) Maioria quer redução da maioridade penal, segundo Datafolha [Majority wants to reduce the age of criminal responsibility from 18 to 16, according to Datafolha]. Folha de São Paulo newspaper. https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2019/01/maioria-quer-reducao-da-maioridade-penal-de-18-para-16-anos-segundo-datafolha.shtml .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Fortin NM, Lemieux T (1997) Institutional changes and rising wage inequality: is there a linkage? J Econ Perspect 11:75–96.
- Gaulez M, Ferro A, Moreira G (2018) O efeito do encarceramento de homicidas sobre a taxa de homicídios no Brasil [The effect of murderer incarceration on the homicide rate in Brazil]. Econ Anal Law Rev 9:288–307.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Gottfredson MR, Hirschi T (1990) A general theory of crime. Stanford University Press, Redwood City.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Gould E, Weinberg B, Mustard D (2002) Crime rates and local labor market opportunities in the United States: 1979–1997. Rev Econ Stat 84:45–61.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Horney J, Marshall I (2006) Risk perceptions among serious offenders: the role of crime and punishment. Criminology 30:575–594.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- IPEA (2013) Anuário do Fórum Nacional de Segurança Pública [Yearbook of the National Public Security Forum]. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA, vol 7.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- IPEA (2014) Anuário do Fórum Nacional de Segurança Pública [Yearbook of the national public security forum]. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA, vol 8.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- IPEA (2017a) Anuário do Fórum Nacional de Segurança Pública [Yearbook of the national public security forum]. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA, vol 11.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- IPEA (2017b) Atlas da Violência [Map of Violence]. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA. Technical Report. Daniel Cerqueira (coord.), 38.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- IPEA (2021) Atlas da Violência [Map of Violence]. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA. Technical Report. Daniel Cerqueira (coord.), 38.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Jacob B, Lefgren L (2004) Remedial education and student achievement: a regression-discontinuity analysis. Rev Econ Stat 86:226–244.
- Jacobs BA, Wright R (2010) Bounded rationality, retaliation, and the spread of urban violence. J Interpers Violence 25:1739–1766.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Jales H (2018) Estimating the effects of the minimum wage in a developing country: a density discontinuity design approach. J Appl Econom 33:29–51.
- Jales H, Yu Z (2017) Identification and estimation using a density discontinuity approach. In: D. Cattaneo & Juan Carlos Escanciano (ed.), Advances in Econometrics, Regression discontinuity designs: theory and applications. Emerald Publishing Ltd, 38:29–72 .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Jennings W, Piquero A, Reingle Gonzalez J (2012) On the overlap between victimization and offending: a review of the literature. Aggress Violent Behav 17:16–26.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Jennissen R (2014) On the deviant age-crime curve of Afro-Caribbean populations: the case of Antilleans living in the Netherlands. Am J Crim Justice 39:571–594.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Katz CM, Webb VJ, Fox K, Shaffer JN (2011) Understanding the relationship between violent victimization and gang membership. J Crim Just 39:48–59.
Koppensteiner MF, Manacorda M (2016) Violence and birth outcomes: evidence from homicides in Brazil. J Dev Econ 119:16–33.
- Lauritsen JL, Sampson RJ, Laub JH (1991) The link between offending and victimization among adolescents. Criminology 29:265–292.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Lavetti K, Schmutte I (2016) Estimating compensating wage differentials with endogenous job mobility. Labor Dynamics Institute.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Lee BX, Marotta PL, Blay-Tofey M, Wang W, de Bourmont S (2014) Economic correlates of violent death rates in forty countries, 1962–2008: a cross-typological analysis. Aggress Violent Behav 19:729–737.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Lee DS, Lemieux T (2010) Regression discontinuity designs in economics. J Econ Lit 48:281–355.
- Lee DS, McCrary J (2017) The deterrence effect of prison: dynamic theory and evidence. In: Regression discontinuity designs: theory and applications, vol 38 of Advances in econometrics. Emerald Publishing Ltd, pp 73–146.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Levitt S (1998) Juvenile crime and punishment. J Polit Econ 106:1156–1185.
Levitt SD (2004) Understanding why crime fell in the 1990s: four factors that explain the decline and six that do not. J Econ Perspect 18:163–190.
- Liem M (2013) Homicide offender recidivism: a review of the literature. Aggress Violent Behav 18:19–25.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Lochner L, Moretti E (2004) The effect of education on crime: evidence from prison inmates, arrests, and self-reports. Am Econ Rev 94:155–189.
- Loeffler CE, Chalfin A (2017) Estimating the crime effects of raising the age of majority. Criminol Public Policy 16:45–71.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Loeffler CE, Grunwald B (2015) Decriminalizing delinquency: the effect of raising the age of majority on juvenile recidivism. J Leg Stud 44:361–388.
- Loeffler CE, Grunwald B (2015) Processed as an adult: a regression discontinuity estimate of the crime effects of charging nontransfer juveniles as adults. J Res Crime Delinq 52:890–922.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Loeffler CE, Nagin DS (2022) The impact of incarceration on recidivism. Annu Rev Criminol 5:133–152.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- McCall PL, Parker KF, MacDonald JM (2008) The dynamic relationship between homicide rates and social, economic, and political factors from 1970 to 2000. Soc Sci Res 37:721–735.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
McCrary J (2008) Manipulation of the running variable in the regression discontinuity design: a density test. J Econom 142:698–714.
- Mears D, Cochran J, Bales W (2012) Gender differences in the effects of prison on recidivism. J Crim Just 40:370–378.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Monteiro F, Cardoso G (2013) The selectivity of Brazilian penitentiary system and the profile of the incarcerated population: an opportune debate. Civitas - Revista de Ciências Sociais 13:93–117.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Monteiro J, Rocha R (2017) Drug battles and school achievement: evidence from Rio de Janeiro’s Favelas. Rev Econ Stat 99:213–228.
- Murray J, de Castro Cerqueira D. R, Kahn T (2013) Crime and violence in Brazil: systematic review of time trends, prevalence rates and risk factors. Aggress Violent Behav 18:471–483.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Naghavi M, Marczak LB, Kutz M, Collaborators I (2018) Global mortality from firearms, 1990–2016. JAMA 320:792–814.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Nery F, Nadanovsky P (2020) Homicide impunity in Brazil between 2006 and 2016. Rev Saude Publica 54:144.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Oka T (2009) Juvenile crime and punishment: evidence from Japan. Appl Econ 41:3103–3115.
- Pereira R, Nunes Almeida A, Oliveira C (2020) O Valor Estatístico de uma Vida: estimativas para o Brasil [The value of statistical life: estimates for Brazil]. Estudos Econômicos 50:227–259.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Sachsida A, Mendonça M, Loureiro P, Gutierrez M (2010) Inequality and criminality revisited: further evidence from Brazil. Empir Econ 39:93–109.
Saez E (2010) Do taxpayers bunch at kink points? Am Econ J Econ Pol 2:180–212.
- Sampson R, Lauritsen J (1990) Deviant lifestyles, proximity to crime, and the offender-victim link in personal violence. J Res Crime Delinq 27:110–139.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Selbin J, McCrary J, Epstein J (2018) Unmarked? Criminal record clearing and employment outcomes. J Crim Law Criminol 108:1–72.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Shikida CD, Araujo AF Jr, Pereira D, Shikida P (2014) O efeito do encarceramento sobre as taxas de homicídio no Brasil [The effect of incarceration on the homicide rate in Brazil]. Revista do Instituto do Direito Brasileiro 3:6359–6388.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Soares RR (2004) Development, crime and punishment: accounting for the international differences in crime rates. J Dev Econ 73:155–184.
- Taylor TJ, Freng A, Esbensen F-A, Peterson D (2008) Youth gang membership and serious violent victimization: the importance of lifestyles and routine activities. J Interpers Violence 23:1441–1464.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- UNODC (2016) Global study on homicide 2016. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Viapiana L (2006) Economia do crime: uma explicação para a formação do criminoso, Age Editora.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Wilson JQ, Herrnstein RJ (1998) Crime human nature: the definitive study of the causes of crime. Simon and Schuster, New York.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Zilberman ML, Blume SB (2005) Domestic violence, alcohol and substance abuse. Braz J Psychiatry 27:51–55.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now