Anselin, L., Varga, A. and Acs, Z. (1997): Local Geographic Spillovers between University Research and High Technology Innovations, Journal of Urban Economics, 42, pp. 422448.
Archibugi, D. and Iammarino, S. (1999): The policy implications of the globalisation of innovation, in: Archibugi, D., Howells, J. and Michie, J. (Eds.), Innovation policy in a global economy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 242-271.
Arora, A. and Gambardella, A. (1990): Complementarity and external linkages: the strategies of the large firms in biotechnology, Journal of Industrial Economics, 38, pp. 361-379.
- Asheim, A. and Gertler, M. (2005): The Geography of Innovation: Regional Innovation Systems, in: Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D. and Nelson, R. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 291-317.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Audretsch, D. (2003): The role of small firms in US biotechnology clusters, in: Fuchs G.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Audretsch, D. and Feldman, M. (1996): Innovative Clusters and the Industry Life Cycle, Review of Industrial Organisation, 11, pp. 253-273.
Bagchi-Sen, S., Lawton-Smith, H. and Hall, L. (2004): The US Biotechnology industry: industry dynamics and policy, Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 22, pp 199-216 Baier, B., Griessler, E. and Martinsen, R. (2000): National Case Study of Austria. European Biotechnology Innovation System. Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, Bathelt, H., Malmberg, A. and Maskell, P. (2004): Clusters and Knowledge: Local Buzz, Global Pipelines and the Process of Knowledge Creation, Progress in Human Geography, 28, pp. 31-56.
Bottazzi, L. and Peri, G. (2003): Innovation and spillovers in regions: Evidence from European patent data, European Economic Review, 47, pp. 687-710.
- Camagni, R. (1991): Local `milieu, uncertainty and innovation networks: towards a new dynamic theory of economic space, in: Camagni, R. (Ed.), Innovation Networks, Belhaven Press, London, pp. 121-144.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Capello, R. (1999): SME Clustering and Factor Productivity: A MilieuProduction Function Model, European Planning Studies, 7, pp. 719-735.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Cooke, P. (2002a): Biotechnology clusters as regional, sectoral innovation systems, International Regional Science Review, 25, pp. 8-37.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Cooke, P. (2002b): Knowledge Economies. Clusters, learning and cooperative advantage, Routledge, London.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Cooke, P. (2004a): Life Science Clusters and Regional Science Policy, Urban Studies, 41, pp.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Cooke, P. (2004b): Regional Knowledge Capabilities, Embeddedness of Firms and Industry Organisation: Bioscience Megacentres and Economic Geography, European Planning Studies, 12, pp. 625-641.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
DeBresson, C. and Amesse, F. (1991): Networks of innovators: A review and introduction to the issue, Research Policy, 20, pp. 363-379.
Degroof, J. and Roberts, E. (2004): Overcoming Weak Entrepreneurial Infrastructure for Academic Spin-off Ventures, Journal of Technology Transfer, 29, pp. 327-357.
Edquist, C. (2002): Innovation Policy A Systemic Approach, in: Archibugi, D., Lundvall, B.-A. (Eds.), The Globalizing Learning Economy, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp.
Eickelpasch, A. and Fritsch, M. (2005) Contests for Cooperation A New Approach in German Innovation Policy, Research Policy, 34, pp. 1269-1282.
- Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 21, pp. 139-155. Wolfe, D. (2002): Social Capital and Cluster Development in Learning Regions, in: Gertler, M. and Wolfe, D. (Eds.), Innovation and Social Learning. Institutional Adaption in an Era of Technological Change, Palgrave, Basingstoke.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Feldman, M. (2000): Location and innovation: the new economic geography of innovation, spillovers, and agglomeration, in: Clark, G., Feldman, M. and Gertler, M. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 373394.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Garmbardella, A. (1995): Science and Innovation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Gertler, M. and Levitte, Y. (2003): Local nodes in global networks: The geography of knowledge flows in biotechnology innovation, Paper presented at the DRUID Summer Conference 2003 on Creating, Sharing and Transferring Knowledge, Copenhagen, June 12-14.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Hagedoorn, J. and Roijakkers, N. (2002): Small entrepreneurial firms and large companies in inter-firm R&D networks the international biotechnology industry, in: Hitt, M., Ireland, R., Camp, S., Sexton, D. (Eds.), Strategic entrepreneurship: creating a new integrated mindset, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 223-252.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Henderson, R., Orsegnigo, L. and Pisano, G. (1999):The Pharmaceutical Industry and the Revolution in Molecular Biology, in: Mowery, D. and Nelson R. (Eds.), Sources of Industrial Leadership, Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 267-311.
Jaffe, A. (1989): The real effects of academic research, American Economic Review, 79, pp.
Jaffe, A., Trajtenberg, M. and Henderson, R. (1993): Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spillovers as Evidenced by Patent Citations, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 79, pp.
Kaiser, R. (2003): Multi-Level Science Policy and Regional Innovation: The Case of the Munich Cluster for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, European Planning Studies, 11, pp.
- Keeble, D. and Wilkinson, F. (Eds.) (2000): High-Technology Clusters, Networking and Collective Learning in Europe, Ashgate, Aldershot.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Lawson, C. (2000): Collective Learning, System Competences and Epistemically Significant Moments, in: Keeble, D. and Wilkinson, F. (Eds.), High-Technology Clusters, Networking and Collective Learning, Ashgate, Aldershot, pp. 182-198.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Lehrer, M. and Asakawa, K. (2004): Rethinking the public sector: idiosyncrasis of biotechnology commerzialisation as motors of national R&D reform in German and Japan, Research Policy, 33, pp. 921-938.
- Leibovitz, J. (2004): `Embryonic Knowledge-based Clusters and Cities: The Case of Biotechnology in Scotland, Urban Studies, 41, pp. 1133-1155.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Lembke J. and Östhol A. (2005): Regional Partnerships for the Biotech Sector: North Carolina and Sweden, in: Karlsson C., Johansson B. and Stough R.R. (Eds.), Industrial Clusters and Inter-Firm Networks, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp. 361-389.
- Lofgren, H. and Benner, M. (2005): The Political Economy of the `New Biology: Biotechnology and the Competition State, Paper presented at the DRUID Summer Conference 2005 on Dynamics of Industry and Innovation: Organisations, Networks and Systems, Copenhagen, June 27-29.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Lundvall, B.-A. (Ed.) (1992): National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning, Pinter, London.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Lundvall, B.-A. and Borrás, S. (1999): The globalising learning economy: Implications for innovation policy, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Lundvall, B.-A. and Borrás, S. (2005): Science, technology and innovation policy, in: Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D., Nelson, R. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 599-631.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Lundvall, B.-A. and Johnson, B. (1994): The Learning Economy, Journal of Industry Studies, 1, pp. 23-42.
- Maillat, D. (1998): Vom `Industrial District zum innovativen Milieu: ein Beitrag zur Analyse der lokalisierten Produktionssysteme, Geographische Zeitschrift, 86, pp. 1-15.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Malmberg, A. and Maskell, P. (2002): The elusive concept of localization economies: towards a knowledge-based theory of spatial clustering, Environment and Planning A, 34, pp.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- McKelvey, M. (2004): What about Innovation Collaboration in Biotech Firms? Revisiting Occurrence and Spatial Distribution, Biotech Business Working Paper No. 02-2004, Copenhagen Business School.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
McKelvey, M., Alm, H. and Riccaboni, M. (2003): Does co-location matter for formal knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology-pharmaceutical sector?, Research Policy, 32, pp. 483-501.
McMillan, G., Narin, F. and Deeds, D. (2000): An analysis of the critical role of public science in innovation: the case of biotechnology, Research Policy, 29, pp. 1-8.
- OECD (1999): Managing National Innovation Systems, OECD, Paris.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- OECD (2004): Biotechnology for Sustainable Growth and Development, OECD, Paris [available at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/43/2/33784888.PDF].
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Oosterwijk, H., Rossak, S. and Unger, B (2003): Austrian Biotechnology--Where to Find on the Map?, in: van Waarden, F. (Ed.), Bridging Ideas and Markets. National Systems of Innovation and the Organization of the Idea-Innovation Chain. Part II. Country-Sector reports. Final report of a project financed by the European Commission under the Fifth Framework Program (Targeted Socio-Economic Research), Utrecht University, Utrecht, pp. 203-231.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Powell, W. (1998): Learning from Collaboration: Knowledge and Networks in the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries, California Management Review, 40, pp.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Powell, W. and Grodal, S. (2005): Networks of Innovators, in: Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D. and Nelson, R. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 56-85.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Powell, W., Koput, K. and Smith-Doerr, L. (1996): Interorganizational Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation: Networks of Learning in Biotechnology, Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, pp. 116-145.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Powell, W., Koput, K., Bowie, J., and Smith-Doerr, L. (2002): The Spatial Clustering of Science and Capital: Accounting for Biotech Firm-Venture Capital Relationships, Regional Studies, 36, pp. 291-305.
- Prevezer, M. (2001): Ingredients in the early development of the U.S. biotechnology industry, Small Business Economics, 17, pp. 17-29.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Putnam, R. (1993): Making Democracy Work. Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princeton University Press, Princeton (NJ).
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Reiss, T., Hinze, S., Dominguez Lacasa, I., Mangematin, V., Enzing, C., van der Giessen, A., Kern, S., Senker, J., Calvert, J., Nesta, L. and Patel, P. (2003) Efficiency of innovation policies in high technology sectors in Europe (EPOHITE), Final Report, European Commission, Brussels.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Roberts, E. and Malone, D.(1996): Policies and structures for spinning off new companies from research and development organizations, R & D Management, 26, pp. 17-48.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Saxenian, A. (1994): Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass.).
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Science, 48, No. 1, pp. 24-43. Owen-Smith, J. and Powell, W. (2004): Knowledge Networks as Channels and Conduits: The Effects of Spillovers in the Boston Biotechnology Community, Organization Science, 15, pp. 5-21.
- Shan, W., Walker, G. and Kogut, B. (1994): Inter-firm cooperation and start-up innovation in the biotechnology industry, Strategic Management Journal, 15, pp. 387-394.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Sternberg, R. (2000): Innovation Networks and Regional Development Evidence from the European Regional Innovation Survey (ERIS): Theoretical Concepts, Methodological Approach, Empirical Basis and Introduction to the Theme Issue, European Planning Studies, 8, pp. 389-407.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Storper, M. (1997): The Regional World, Guilford Press, New York.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Tödtling, F. and Trippl, M. (2005) Knowledge links in high-technology industries: Markets, networks or milieu? The case of the Vienna biotechnology cluster, Paper presented at the DRUID Tenth Anniversary Summer Conference on Dynamics of Industry and Innovation: Organizations, Networks and Systems, Copenhagen, June 27-29, 2005.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Tödtling, F., Lehner, P. and Trippl, M. (2005): Innovation in knowledge intensive industries: The nature and geography of knowledge links, European Planning Studies, forthcoming.
Wright, M.; Birley, S. and Mosey, S.(2004): Entrepreneurship and University Technology Transfer, Journal of Technology Transfer, 29, pp. 235-246.
Zucker, L., Darby, M. and Brewer, M. (1998b): Intellectual human capital and the birth of the U.S. biotechnology enterprises, American Economic Review, 88, pp. 290-306.
Zucker, L., Darby, M., and Armstrong, J. (1998a): Geographically localized knowledge: Spillovers or Markets?, Economic Inquiry, XXXVI, pp. 65-86.