Abdulsalam, Alnoah, Helian Xu, Waqar Ameer, AL‐Barakani Abdo, and Jiejin Xia. 2021. “Exploration of the Impact of China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Economic Growth in Asia and North Africa Along the Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative.” Sustainability 13(4): 1623.
- African Development Bank. 2018. African Economic Outlook 2018. African Development Bank.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- African Development Bank. 2021. African Economic Outlook 2021: From Debt Resolution to Growth. African Development Bank.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Ahmad, Ahmad Hassan, and Olalekan Bashir Aworinde. 2016. “The Role of Structural Breaks, Nonlinearity and Asymmetric Adjustments in African Bilateral Real Exchange Rates.” International Review of Economics & Finance 45: 144–159.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Anyanwu, John C. 2014. “Factors Affecting Economic Growth in Africa: Are There Any Lessons from China?” African Development Review 26(3): 468–493. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12105.
- Asante, Richard. 2018. “China and Africa: Model of South‐South Cooperation?” China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 4(2): 259–279. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2377740018500124.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Baharumshah, Ahmad Zubaidi, Evan Lau, and Mudziviri T. Nziramasanga. 2010. “Purchasing Power Parity in African Countries: Evidence from Panel SURADF Test.” South African Journal of Economics 78(1): 40–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2010.01231.x.
- Bahmani‐Oskooee, Mohsen, and Scott W. Hegerty. 2009. “Purchasing Power Parity in Less‐Developed and Transition Economies: A Review Paper.” Journal of Economic Surveys 23(4): 617–658. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2009.00574.x.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Bahmani‐Oskooee, Mohsen, Tsangyao Chang, and Ken Hung. 2013. “Revisiting Purchasing Power Parity in Latin America: Sequential Panel Selection Method.” Applied Economics 45(32): 4584–4590. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2013.795279.
- Bahmani‐Oskooee, Mohsen, Tsangyao Chang, and Tsungpao Wu. 2014. “Revisiting Purchasing Power Parity in African Countries: Panel Stationary Test with Sharp and Smooth Breaks.” Applied Financial Economics 24(22): 1429–1438. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603107.2014.925068.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Benabdallah, Lina. 2019. Shaping the Future of Power: Knowledge Production and Network‐building in China‐Africa Relations. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Blasingame, Daniel. 2018. “The ‘Middle‐Income’ Trap: Is the One Belt, One Road Initiative Key to China's Ascension to a High‐Income Economy?” https://ssrn.com/abstract=3176047.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Bociaga, Robert. 2023. “China‐Africa Trade Soars on Spike in Commodity Prices.” Nikkei Asia, January 27.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Breitung, Jörg. 2001. “Rank Tests for Nonlinear Cointegration.” Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 19(3): 331–340. https://doi.org/10.1198/073500101681019981.
Burger, Philippe, and Lizelle Janse Van Rensburg. 2008. “Metropolitan House Prices in South Africa: Do They Converge?” South African Journal of Economics 76(2): 291–297. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2008.00190.x.
Chang, Tsangyao, Kuei‐Chiu Lee, Yang‐Cheng Ralph Lu, and Guochen Pan. 2011. “Revisiting Purchasing Power Parity for G‐7 Countries Using Nonparametric Rank Test for Cointegration.” Applied Economics Letters 18(18): 1795–1800.
- Chang, Tsangyao, Lu Yang‐Cheng, D. P. Tang, and Wen‐Chi Liu. 2011. “Long‐Run Purchasing Power Parity with Asymmetric Adjustment: Further Evidence from African Countries.” Applied Economics 43(2): 231–242.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Cheung, Yin‐Wong, and Kon S. Lai. 1993b. “Long‐Run Purchasing Power Parity During the Recent Float.” Journal of International Economics 34(1–2): 181–192.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Cuestas, Juan Carlos, and Estefanía Mourelle. 2011. “Nonlinearities in Real Exchange Rate Determination: Do African Exchange Rates Follow a Random Walk?” Applied Economics 43(2): 243–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840802467065.
- De Melo, Jaime, and Anna Twum. 2021. “Prospects and Challenges for Supply Chain Trade Under the Africa Continental Free Trade Area.” Journal of African Trade 8(2): 49–61. https://doi.org/10.2991/jat.k.210105.001.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Engle, Robert F., and C. W. J. Granger. 1987. “Co‐Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation and Testing.” Econometrica 55(2): 251–276. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913236.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Fan, C. Simon, and Xiangdong Wei. 2006. “Price Index Convergence in China.” Citeseer.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Fan, C. Simon, Yue Ma, and Xiangdong Wei. 2007. “Price Convergence and Market Integration in China.” Citeseer.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Frankopan, Peter. 2015. The Silk Roads: A New History of the World. London and New York: Bloomsbury.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Githaiga, Nancy Muthoni, Alfred Burimaso, Bing Wang, and Salum Mohammed Ahmed. 2019. “The Belt and Road Initiative: Opportunities and Risks for Africa's Connectivity.” China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 05(01): 117–141. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2377740019500064.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Green BRI Center. 2021. Countries of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Retrieved January 21, 2021: Available from https://green-bri.org/countries-of-the-belt-and-road-initiative-bri/.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Gyamfi, E. N., and E. F. Appiah. 2019. “Further Evidence on the Validity of Purchasing Power Parity in Selected African Countries.” Journal of Economics and Finance 43(2): 330–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12197-018-9449-7.
Habimana, Olivier. 2016. “Asymmetric Nonlinear Mean Reversion in Real Effective Exchange Rates: A Fisher‐Type Panel Unit Root Test Applied to Sub‐Saharan Africa.” The Journal of Economic Asymmetries 14: 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2016.08.002.
He, Huizhen, Ming Che Chou, and Tsangyao Chang. 2014. “Purchasing Power Parity for 15 Latin American Countries: Panel SURKSS Test with a Fourier Function.” Economic Modelling 36: 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.09.012.
Holmes, Mark J. 2008. “Real Exchange Rate Stationarity in Latin America and Relative Purchasing Power Parity: A Regime Switching Approach.” Open Economies Review 19: 261–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11079-007-9020-1.
- Hu, Dengfeng, Kefei You, and Bulent Esiyok. 2021. “Foreign Direct Investment Among Developing Markets and its Technological Impact on Host: Evidence from Spatial Analysis of Chinese Investment in Africa.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 166: 120593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120593.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Ibrahim, Sheriff Ghali, Farouk Ibrahim Bibi‐Farouk, and Abdulkareem Abdullahi. 2021. “The Belt and Road Initiative and the Implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA) in an Emerging Regional Arrangement.” Journal of Global Economics and Business 2(4): 93–104.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Irandu, Evaristus M., and Hesbon Hansen Owilla. 2020. “The Economic Implications of Belt and Road Initiative in the Development of Railway Transport Infrastructure in Africa: The Case of the Standard Gauge Railway in Kenya.” The African Review 47(2): 457–480. https://doi.org/10.1163/1821889X-12340027.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Joseph, Juliet Eileen. 2022. “The Geostrategy of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AFCFTA) and Third Parties: A Focus on China.” EUREKA: Social and Humanities 4: 43–57.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Kuttu, Saint. 2018. “Asymmetric Mean Reversion and Volatility in African Real Exchange Rates.” Journal of Economics and Finance 42(3): 575–590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12197-017-9412-z.
Lacerda, Miguel, Johannes W. Fedderke, and Linda M. Haines. 2010. “Testing for Purchasing Power Parity and Uncovered Interest Parity in the Presence of Monetary and Exchange Rate Regime Shifts.” South African Journal of Economics 78(4): 363–382. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2010.01254.x.
- Leslie, Agnes Ngoma. 2020. “Introduction China‐Africa Relations: The Belt and Road Initiative and its Impact on Africa.” African Studies Quarterly 19(3/4): 1–7.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Li, Xinfeng. 2022. “China–Africa Relations and the Belt and Road Initiative.” In The Changing World and Africa, edited by Xinfeng Li and Chunying An, 341–354. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Liew, Venus Khim‐Sen, Hock‐Ann Lee, and Kian‐Ping Lim. 2009. “Purchasing Power Parity in Asian Economies: Further Evidence from Rank Tests for Cointegration.” Applied Economics Letters 16(1): 51–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850601032057.
- Liew, Venus Khim‐Sen, Ricky Chee‐Jiun Chia, and Tai‐Hu Ling. 2010. “Long‐Run Validity of Purchasing Power Parity and Rank Tests for Cointegration for Central Asian Countries.” Applied Economics Letters 17(11): 1073–1077. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840902762704.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Liew, Venus Khim‐Sen, Tai‐Hu Ling, Ricky Chee‐Jiun Chia, and Gawon Yoon. 2012. “On the Application of the Rank Tests for Nonlinear Cointegration to PPP: The Case of Papua New Guinea.” Economic Modelling 29(2): 326–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2011.10.017.
- Lisinge, Robert Tama. 2020. “The Belt and Road Initiative and Africa's Regional Infrastructure Development: Implications and Lesssions.” Transnational Corporations Review 12(4): 425–438.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Liu, Weidong, and Qiuhui Yao. 2021. “Theorizing Belt and Road Construction Mode from Institutional and Cultural Perspectives.” Journal of Geographical Sciences 31(5): 623–640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-021-1862-8.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Liu, Yu‐shao, and Chi‐Wei Su. 2011. “Purchasing Power Parity With Rank Tests for Nonlinear Cointegration in African Countries.” South African Journal of Economics 79(1): 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2011.01259.x.
- Ma, Hanzhi. 2021. “The African Continental Free Trade Area and China‐Africa Cooperation.” China International Studies 90: 152–180.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Malikane, Christopher, and Prosper Chitambara. 2018. “Foreign Direct Investment, Productivity and the Technology Gap in African Economies.” Journal of African Trade 4: 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joat.2017.11.001.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Miller Dutton, Marilyn. 1997. “Are the CPI and WPI Appropriate Measures to Use for Testing the PPP Hypothesis?” Studies in Economics and Finance 18(1): 62–99. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028736.
- Miller, Noah W. 2021. “Who Will Win the Strategic Long Game? The G7's Build Back Better World or China's Belt and Road Initiative?” Sochin Research Institute.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Morrissey, Oliver. 2012. “FDI in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Few Linkages, Fewer Spillovers.” The European Journal of Development Research 24: 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2011.49.
- Mukwaya, Rodgers, and Andrew Mold. 2018. “Modelling the Economic Impact of the China Belt and Road Initiative on East Africa.” In Conference: GTAP 21st Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Ng, Serena, and Pierre Perron. 2001. “Lag Length Selection and the Construction of Unit Root Tests with Good Size and Power.” Econometrica 69(6): 1519–1554. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0262.00256.
- Osman Elnor, Rahamtalla M. 2022. “Prospects for China–Africa Cooperation.” In China and the World in a Changing Context, edited by H. Wang and L. Miao. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8086-1_6.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Parsley, David C., and Shang‐Jin Wei. 1996. “Convergence to the Law of One Price Without Trade Barriers or Currency Fluctuations.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 111(4): 1211–1236. https://doi.org/10.2307/2946713.
- Parsley, David C., and Shang‐Jin Wei. 2001. “Explaining the Border Effect: The Role of Exchange Rate Variability, Shipping Costs, and Geography.” Journal of International Economics 55(1): 87–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(01)00096-4.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Phiri, Mwanda, and Nakubyana Mungomba. 2019. “Leveraging the BRI for Africa's Industrialisation and Intra‐Trade (Opportunities for the AfCFTA).” Zambia Institute for Policy Analysis & Research.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Piesse, Jenifer, and Bruce Allen Hearn. 2012. “The Law of One Price: An Examination of Price Integration Between Europe and Regional Markets in Africa.” Applied Economics 44(24): 3169–3193. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.570722.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Sarno, Lucio, and Mark P. Taylor. 2002. “Purchasing Power Parity and the Real Exchange Rate.” IMF staff papers 49(1): 65–105. https://doi.org/10.2307/3872492.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Sattar, Abdul, Abida Hassan, Muhammad Noshab Hussain, Uzma Sakhi, and Ali Raza Elahi. 2022. “Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Socio‐Economic Development in Belt and Road Countries.” Cogent Economics & Finance 10(1): 2143772.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Shum, Paul, Kai Yin Woo, and Shu Kam Lee. 2018. “Rank Tests for Price Convergence in Australian Beverage Markets.” Applied Economics Letters 25(12): 862–866. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2017.1374531.
Sideris, Dimitrios. 2011. “Optimum Currency Areas, Structural Changes and the Endogeneity of the OCA Criteria: Evidence From Six New EU Member States.” Applied Financial Economics 21: 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603107.2010.528360.
- Spinner, Kévin. 2021. “China's Belt and Road Initiative in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Comparative Case Study of Chinese Investments on Economic Growth in Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, and Zambia.” Doctoral dissertation, Webster University.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Stein, Peter, and Emil Uddhammar. 2021. “China in Africa: The Role of Trade, Investments, and Loans Amidst Shifting Geopolitical Ambitions.” ORF. India. https://policycommons.net/artifacts/1808834/china-in-africa/2543755.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Stock, James H., and Mark W. Watson. 1993. “A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated Systems.” Econometrica 61: 783–820. https://doi.org/10.2307/2951763.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Su, Chi‐Wei, and Hsu‐Ling Chang. 2011. “Revisiting Purchasing Power Parity for Central and East European Countries: Using Rank Tests for Nonlinear Cointegration.” Eastern European Economics 49(1): 5–12. https://doi.org/10.2753/EEE0012-8775490101.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Su, Chi‐Wei, Tsangyao Chang, and Yu‐Shao Liu. 2012. “Revisiting Purchasing Power Parity for African Countries: With Nonlinear Panel Unit‐Root Tests.” Applied Economics 44(25): 3263–3273. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.570730.
Taylor, Alan M., and Mark P. Taylor. 2004. “The Purchasing Power Parity Debate.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 18(4): 135–158. https://doi.org/10.1257/0895330042632744.
Taylor, Mark P. 2006. “Real Exchange Rates and Purchasing Power Parity: Mean‐Reversion in Economic Thought.” Applied Financial Economics 16(1–2): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603100500390067.
- UN Comtrade. 2022. The United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database. https://comtradeplus.un.org/.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Woo, Kai Yin, Shu Kam Lee, and Alan Chan. 2020. “Food Price Convergence in Canada: A Nonparametric Nonlinear Cointegration Analysis.” Economics Bulletin 40(3): 2361–2371.
Woo, Kai Yin, Shu Kam Lee, and Paul Kwok‐ching Shum. 2022. “Nonparametric Cointegration Tests for Price Convergence Within the Greater Bay Area of China.” The Chinese Economy 55(6): 410–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/10971475.2021.2022838.
- World Bank. 2019. Belt and Road Economics: Opportunities and Risks of Transport Corridors. The World Bank.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- World Bank. 2021. World Development Indicators. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Zafar, Ali. 2021. “History of the CFA Zone.” In: The CFA Franc Zone. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71006-4_3.
- Zhao, Shurong, Koffi Dumor, Victor Curtis Lartey, Onesmus Mbaabu Mutiiria, Edem Koffi Amouzou, and Komlan Gbongli. 2022. “Assessing the Macroeconomic Effects of China–Eastern African BRI Transport Infrastructure on Eastern African Countries.” International Journal of Finance & Economics.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Zhou, Bingqi. 2019. “Cooperation Between China and Africa Under the One Belt One Road Initiative: China's Benefits and Problems.” Chinese Studies 8(2): 27–41, https://doi.org/10.4236/chnstd.2019.82003.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now