Wie können Sie zwischen Einheitspreis- und Pauschalverträgen wählen?

For professional services there is an additional model: the unit price with a cap. So you would get paid for the first xx hours and after that not at all. This is the most friendly model for the customer (he profits from synergies or efficiencies but doesn't have to pay if there is an overrun).

Al elegir entre un contrato de precio unitario y uno de suma global en construcción, es clave considerar la naturaleza del proyecto. Los contratos de precio unitario son ideales cuando las cantidades de obra pueden variar, ya que permiten mayor flexibilidad y ajuste de costos según el avance real. En cambio, los contratos de suma global fijan un precio total desde el inicio, brindando certeza en costos, pero con menor margen para modificaciones. La decisión depende de factores como el nivel de diseño, el riesgo de cambios y la necesidad de control presupuestario.

Choosing between a unit price and a lump sum contract really depends on the nature of the project and how clearly the scope and quantities are defined. Unit price contract – When flexibility matters Lump sum contract – When clarity is key If you have clear specs and quantities? - Go lump sum. If scope still a bit fuzzy or likely to change? - Unit price might be smarter.

A unit price contract can be used for all or part of a Contract. In a lump sum contract, a company and customer agree on a predetermined price for an entire Contract.

A unit price contract charges a set rate per measurable unit (e.g., per cubic yard of concrete), so final costs can vary with actual work. In contrast, a lump sum contract locks in one fixed price for the entire project, regardless of how many units you ultimately use. This choice hinges on whether you need payment flexibility or cost certainty.

According to the information provided: A Suma Alzada contract is an agreement where the contractor undertakes to complete the entirety of a project for a fixed and invariable total price. This type is ideal when the scope is clearly defined and the amounts are certain, transferring the cost risk to the contractor. A contract for Unit Prices establishes payment based on the quantities of work actually performed, multiplied by unit prices agreed for each item. It is used when there is no certainty in the quantities of work, allowing to pay for what is "effectively used" and sharing the risk of variation of quantities between the parties.

Elegir entre contratos de precio unitario y de suma global depende del tipo de proyecto y del nivel de definición del alcance. El contrato de precio unitario es ideal cuando las cantidades exactas de trabajo no están totalmente definidas, ya que permite ajustes según el avance real. En cambio, la suma global es conveniente cuando el alcance está claramente establecido, ya que fija un precio total desde el inicio. Considere factores como riesgos, cambios esperados, control de costos y la confianza entre las partes. Evaluar cuidadosamente estos aspectos le ayudará a seleccionar la modalidad que mejor equilibre flexibilidad, certeza financiera y control del proyecto.

Elegir entre un contrato de precio unitario o de suma global depende del nivel de definición del proyecto y del riesgo que desees asumir. El contrato de precio unitario es ideal cuando las cantidades aún no están completamente definidas, permitiendo mayor flexibilidad, pero con más riesgo de variación de costos. En cambio, la suma global establece un monto fijo desde el inicio, siendo más conveniente cuando los planos y metrados están claros y detallados. Este último brinda mayor control presupuestal, pero menos margen ante cambios. Evalúa el contexto, el avance del diseño y la capacidad de gestión de tu equipo para decidir.

A unit price contract can be used for all or part of a Contract. In a lump sum contract, a company and customer agree on a predetermined price for an entire Contract.

Contracts with contractors should be structured with unit prices but for a total contract amount. It’s crucial to specify the expected volumes in measurable units. The contract should clearly state that if the actual volumes exceed those specified, the client is not obligated to pay for the excess — these extra volumes are considered a bonus, as they result from the contractor’s miscalculation before signing the contract. Everyone should be accountable for their work. If a contractor claims to be a professional, they should meet that standard. In other words, the client hires a specialist to make accurate calculations, and the client should not bear responsibility for the contractor’s mistakes.

Benefits: Flexible for variable scopes; you pay only for what’s actually done; fewer disputes when quantities change. Drawbacks: Requires detailed measurement and documentation; risk of inflated quantities if not closely tracked; estimating total costs can be trickier when volumes are uncertain.

Benefits: Flexibility (does not require complete engineering at the beginning, allows variation of quantities), the principal pays only for what is executed ("pays what he actually uses"), the contractor does not assume risk for volume increases and can gain efficiency. Disadvantages: The principal assumes the risk of increases in physical quantities (uncertainty in final cost) and must perform rigorous control and measurements. The contractor assumes the risk of maintaining fixed unit prices and may be harmed by engineering arrears.

Elegir entre contratos de precio unitario y de suma global depende de la naturaleza del proyecto, la precisión de los metrados y la predictibilidad del alcance. Los contratos de precio unitario son ideales cuando las cantidades exactas aún no están completamente definidas, ya que permiten mayor flexibilidad durante la ejecución. Ventajas del contrato de precio unitario: *Flexibilidad ante cambios *Transparencia en costos Desventajas del contrato de precio unitario: *Mayor carga administrativa *Riesgo de sobrecostos

Tudo vai depender das características do projeto e do nível de certeza sobre os custos acredito. É uma decisão que precisa ser bem estudada.

Benefits Flexibility in scope adjustments. Transparent cost tracking. Fair pricing for variable work quantities. Drawbacks Difficult cost estimation upfront. Potential disputes over quantity measurements. Requires detailed monitoring and verification.

Pour ma part le contrat de prix unitaire est plus juste que le global et forfaitaire car on peut réactualisé les quantités en cas de plus et de moins tandis que le global et forfaitaire est au forfait et donc plus difficile à négocier

Benefits: Fixed total cost simplifies budgeting; fewer day-to-day cost adjustments; contractor bears more risk if quantities exceed estimates. Drawbacks: Limited flexibility if you want to adjust scope; hidden issues or design changes can trigger expensive change orders; potential for the contractor to cut corners to protect profit.

Benefits: For the client, a fixed budget and simple cost control, transferring to the contractor the risk for major work. For the contractor, potential benefit for optimizations and freedom in the administration of the work. Disadvantages: It requires complete engineering at the beginning and the principal has little flexibility for changes. The contractor assumes most of the risk for higher costs or unforeseen events, which can lead to higher initial prices and is not ideal for uncertain projects.

Os contratos de montante fixo oferecem previsibilidade financeira e controle orçamentário, sendo ideais para projetos com escopo bem definido. No entanto, exigem planejamento minucioso e podem gerar riscos de qualidade se o contratante buscar economizar custos. O segredo está no equilíbrio entre uma definição clara do projeto e uma fiscalização eficaz. Como você tem lidado com esses desafios na sua gestão de contratos?

Benefits Fixed Cost Certainty: The total price is predetermined, reducing financial risk for the owner. Simplified Administration: Less need for tracking individual costs or quantities. Encourages Efficiency: Contractors are motivated to complete work on time and within budget. Lower Owner Involvement: Minimal cost monitoring is required after contract signing. Drawbacks Limited Flexibility: Changes or unforeseen conditions can lead to expensive change orders. Higher Initial Cost: Contractors may add contingency buffers to cover risks. Risk to Contractor: Unanticipated costs must be absorbed by the contractor, potentially impacting quality or timelines.

In my experience, most of our contracts were Firm Fixed Price. The benefit of this was it is a fixed budget for both the Government and the Contract to complete the work. The drawback that I have encountered is often the scope is not as clearly defined, and once the contract starts design in a DB or construction in a DBB, issues come up and change orders start to flow in triggering the budget to increase. It becomes increasingly important for QA and QC to ensure the drawings and specs were met, as the KTR may try to cut corners to save costs and stay within the lump sum.

Benefits: Fixed cost, easy budgeting, low admin, contractor bear risk. Drawbacks: Less flexibility, potential quality cuts, dispute over scope changes.

Lump sum contracts can have advantages such as good cost control performance equaling profit enhancements, but in my nearly 15 years in construction it creates as many if not more hurdles. Contractors typically push this cost control envelope and it usually yields less than favorable partners. That typically leads to more costs and an inability to recover. I have always favored GMP cost plus deals. Contractors make what they are supposed to and push for a better end deliverable. It promotes collaboration and finding good partners instead of cheap ones. That usually gets less needy trade partners and more relationship building opportunities.

I have tried both in the process of providing our services to different sized clients. Lump sum contracts are great on paper but comes with it's own risks. Trust, speculations, projections to name few. If everything goes according to plan for everyone, it is a win-win. On the other hand unit priced projects are straight forward short deals but are hard to close as the benefits and rates would have to be competitive, be good with negotiations and have clear understanding of profit margins while in discussion.

Pick unit price if quantities might shift during the project or if you want to pay strictly for what’s used. Choose lump sum when you have a well-defined scope and want stable, predictable costs. Think about who shoulders the risk: under unit price, the owner handles cost swings; under lump sum, the contractor takes on that risk.

Having worked in markets where both types of contracts are used, I’ve observed that the main difference lies in the allocation of risk. Choosing between the two depends largely on the project's complexity, the quality of design documents, and how well risks can be predicted and managed by each party. Parties will naturally lean toward the contract type that aligns better with their risk tolerance and control over project variables: GCs will have a tendency to prefer Unit Price Contracts, and Developers/Owners will incline towards Lump Sum Contracts.

A escolha geralmente depende da relação, equilibrando controle e confiança entre as partes. O preço unitário oferece flexibilidade e evita custos desnecessários. O valor fixo é interessante quando o contratante já conhece a forma de trabalho do fornecedor, e uma relação próxima e sólida é a base dessa decisão. Na maioria das vezes, o valor fixo traz vantagens para o contratante e previsibilidade para o fornecedor, mas isso só funciona quando ambas as partes estão alinhadas para avançar juntas.

A escolha entre um contrato de preço unitário e de montante fixo depende de muitas variáveis e destaco a maturidade de ambas partes como uma das fundamentais. Mas eu entendo que o mundo é um um pouco mais complexo que a polarização que vemos hoje em dia. Não existem apenas essas duas formas de negociar. Existem, por exemplo, contratos de preço unitário com cláusula de "Take or Pay" que trazem um modelo híbrido e que pode ser beneficioso para ambas partes a depender do nível de maturidade de ambas empresas e da relação comercial.

This highlights contract flexibility and strategic negotiation. My approach would be: • Enhancing Clarity & Depth – Making the key distinctions sharper while keeping it engaging. • Strengthening Practical Application – Showing how hybrid models work in different scenarios. • Encouraging Engagement – Adding a thought-provoking closing line like “How do you determine the best contract model for your business relationships?”

Unit pricing works if we are pushing volume and an agreed percentage fee. Yes, I’ll install 400 lights for x dollars each in profit. Maybe that don’t work for 40 lights. You find a spot where doling out your manpower and credit for materials is worth it. Maybe there are more factors to consider such as you can’t install them all in one continuous timeline. If not volume, it can still be ideal if you, for instance, are using a service van model where you need to clear x that day to be profitable. Lump sum works as long as the scope is clearly defined. When it’s not, you can still have success but the scope must be reasonably contained. Like a house of a certain size can only have a certain size service and so many lights and plugs.

I tried the following way. When the quantity cannot be calculated, I took the lump sum quantity for example the quantity of clearing the site. When the quantity can be calculated, I used the unit price.

Based in my previous projects most of clients Go prefer lump sum contracts when the design is complete and the scope is clear. It provides cost certainty, simplifies management, and shifts risk to the contractor, making it ideal for buildings or fit-out works.

The first step is to check the level of design certainty, especially the completeness of the design, the depth of design details, the accuracy of the design. The second step is to investigate the potential for design changes. If the level of design certainty is high and the potential for change is almost non-existent, it is advisable to choose a lump sum contract type. Conversely, if the design certainty is less than 90% or the potential for change is estimated to be more than 10%, it is advisable to choose a unit price contract. Or, if there is not enough time or expertise to review the design in depth and measurably, it is advisable to choose a unit price contract. Another option is a combination of lump sum and unit price.

For unit price: Track all quantities closely, verify each completed unit, and keep transparent records. For lump sum: Define scope precisely, outline a clear change-order process, and maintain strict quality checks. In both cases, open communication and mutual trust minimize conflicts and ensure better outcomes.

For Unit Prices: Clearly define items/specifications/APUs, accurately measure progress, perform continuous quality control and manage changes in quantities. Periodic monitoring and valuation is key. For Global Sum: Requires a comprehensive definition of the initial scope. Key the rigorous management of changes (work variations), quality control and deadline monitoring. In both types, clear documentation, open communication, risk management and having qualified professionals are essential.

Gerenciar contratos de preço unitário e montante fixo exige mais do que apenas planejamento – requer estratégia e monitoramento contínuo. Definir um escopo claro, estabelecer responsabilidades e manter uma comunicação eficiente são passos essenciais para evitar imprevistos e otimizar recursos. Além disso, compreender os desafios de cada formato de contrato ajuda a minimizar riscos e garantir entregas bem-sucedidas. Gestão eficaz é sinônimo de previsibilidade e resultados!

Gerenciar contratos de preço unitário e de montante fixo de forma eficaz exige planejamento detalhado, comunicação clara e monitoramento contínuo. No caso dos contratos de preço unitário, é essencial manter um controle rigoroso das medições e da documentação do trabalho executado para evitar discrepâncias e garantir que os pagamentos reflitam a realidade da obra. Já nos contratos de montante fixo, uma definição precisa do escopo e das especificações minimiza riscos de disputas e custos adicionais. Em ambos os casos, estabelecer uma relação de transparência e confiança com o contratante e garantir uma gestão eficiente de riscos e mudanças ao longo do projeto são fundamentais para evitar imprevistos e garantir o sucesso da obra.

O planejamento deverá ser cuidadoso com rigores de aplicações de retenções e SLA, transparência na comunicação. Controle e documentação de medições com o maior rigor e profundamente aliada a um trabalho bem executado (fiel) para que os pagamentos reflitam a realidade da obra. Em contratos de montante fixo: acertividades nas especificações para minimizar riscos de disputas e custos adicionais.

Watch for scope creep: unplanned requests or slight changes can derail budgets and timelines. Hybrid approaches—unit pricing for uncertain parts and lump sum for fixed ones—can balance risk and flexibility. Ultimately, solid relationships, clarity in scope, and well-documented progress keep your project on track.

This post is engaging and relatable. My approach would be: • Enhancing Clarity & Flow – Making the message smoother while keeping its conversational tone. • Strengthening Impact – Emphasizing integrity as the key to fair pricing adjustments. • Encouraging Engagement – Adding a closing question like “How do you handle scope creep in your contracts?”

Considerações Adicionais: • Grau de precisão: Em projetos com grande precisão nas quantidades, o contrato de montante fixo pode ser mais adequado. Em projetos com quantidades incertas, o contrato de preço unitário é mais flexível. • Necessidade de flexibilidade: Se o projeto exigir flexibilidade para ajustes durante a execução, o contrato de preço unitário é mais indicado. Se a necessidade de flexibilidade for menor, o contrato de montante fixo pode ser mais vantajoso. • Distribuição de riscos: O contrato de montante fixo coloca mais responsabilidade sobre o contratante, que assume os riscos de custos adicionais. O contrato de preço unitário distribui mais o risco entre as partes, pois o pagamento é proporcional às quantidades realizadas.

Teil 2 : Und dann entbrennt die Streitfrage : Was ist drin in der Pauschale . . . und was nicht mehr ? Der deutsche Gesetzgeber hat die Schmerzschwelle für das Festhalten an einer Pauschale sehr hoch gelegt. Das kann für einen Auftragnehmer ruinöse Folgen haben. Weil er zusätzlich leisten muss, ohne dafür eine zusätzliche Vergütung zu erhalten. „Gefälligkeiten“ von der einen oder von der anderen Seite ? Zum einen, solche gibt es nicht in der von mir erlebten Baupraxis. Bauunternehmen kämpfen um jeden Cent. Das ist bereits häufig in überhöhten Abschlagsrechnungen zu beobachten. Zum anderen : „Gefälligkeiten“ darf es nicht geben. Denn solches Verhalten wäre von der Auftraggeberseite Vorteilsgewährung, von . . . (Fortsetzung siehe Teil 3)