Genetic, developmental, and neural changes underlying the evolution of butterfly mate preference
Fig 2
Genetic architecture of Heliconius cydno alithea male mate choice variation.
(A, B) Genome-wide association (GWA) for H. c. alithea mate choice and forewing color genome-wide (A) and at the K locus (B) using 1,529 courtship events from 57 yellow and 56 white males. Chromosome numbers are shown between the plots. Lambda values (λ) are genomic inflation factors for each analysis, indicating no p-value inflation in the dataset despite potential residual population stratification (S1 Fig). K locus peak (KP) labels referenced in the text are shown above the plot. DEGs: differentially expressed genes—see Fig 3. KP2 was 25 kb downstream of the ortholog of Drosophila melanogaster Hasp; KP3 was 15 kb upstream of the transcription factor senseless-2 and RNA pseudouridylate synthase domain containing protein 2 (rpusd2); and KP4 was within an rpusd2 intron. FDR: Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate cutoff. (C) Posterior inclusion probability for each variant in the chromosome 1, 7, 9, and 11 peaks, calculated using SuSiE-RSS [44]. PIP values indicate the probability that each variant is predictive of the input phenotypes (choices in this case). Higher PIP values indicate higher predictive value. We calculated PIP values for top variants in the K locus as well as the peaks on chromosomes 7, 9, and 11. (D) Pairwise linkage disequilibrium between top color and preference variants relative to the empirical LD in the K locus at each distance. We only show values between the top color variant and each of the 34 choice variants at FDR < 0.01. Patterns were similar between the second and third ranked color variants and are not shown. K locus variants are shown in the left panel while the chromosome 7, 9, and 11 variants are shown in subsequent panels relative to empirical unlinked marker LD. Raw data, code, and further exploration of the data can be found in S1 and S2 Tables, S1 and S2 Figs, and Dryad repository dryad.z8w9ghxjz.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002989.g002