CELLS ARE AN AMO PHYSICS EXPERIMENT OF NATURE

How does a cell work?

Physicists became interested in cells when Schrodinger wrote a book about Life in 1944. He tried to explain to his audience that cells somehow arranged atoms in a cell to slow entropy (chaos/disorder) down so that it appears that life somehow breaks the second law of thermodynamics. A decade later a biologist stepped into the fray.

Gilbert Ling was the first biologist who began to look at this problem carefully and systematically because he knew the Na/K ATPase broke the second law of thermodynamics. He also understood water chemistry was the key to the puzzle of how a cell could limit entropy creation before anyone else did. That included Schrodinger. He was so far ahead of his contemporaries they used that against him. They could not fathom he was right that a cell was electrically induced and the field of action was tied to how water and protein backbones cooperate together in physiology. He began to look for a new guiding theory that made sense within those boundaries. Quantum mechanics and AMO physics were not fully developed branches of science at the time he tackled this question in cells. He believed, and rightly so, that there can only be one state where all molecules fit together to make life happen. He tried to describe what quantum coherence was using words that were impotent to get that job done.

He also was the first to realize that there were far more physical states that could exist in cells than one could ever imagine. He realized in order to create order from chaos, life would need "an atomic backbone" to stop the free motion of molecules within a cell. He also realized that part of the story would be tied to the self-assembly (dissipative structure) of the component parts to save energy to be in alignment with the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Ling's work predated Ilya Prigogene's work on dissipative systems for which he received a Nobel Prize.

Ling knew that life could not circumvent the Second Law because of Eddington's principle on the 2nd law, so he knew intrinsically that the game of biology had to be between these “boundaries” so to speak. What he did not know, at the outset, is how the game was played between those edges when he began his work. Ling showed us it was the action of the protoplasm of the cell’s contents that limits molecular motions (Brownian) using proteins coded for in DNA. Ling was the first biologist who realized indirectly that AMO physics of the cell was the key to the puzzle.

What is AMO physics? Atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO) is the study of matter-matter and light-matter interactions; at the scale of one or a few atoms and energy scales around several electron volts. The three areas are closely interrelated. AMO theory includes classical, semi-classical and quantum treatments in physical systems. Typically, the theory and applications of emission, absorption, scattering of electromagnetic radiation (light) from excited atoms and molecules, analysis of spectroscopy, generation of lasers and masers, and the optical properties of matter in general.

The limitation of atomic motion inside cells highlights protein biology's importance in cells. Ling realized this early because primary and secondary protein structure is determined by the intermolecular actions of the side groups found on the amino acids that life dances upon. That dance happens on a stage made of water. That water is created in the mitochondrial matrix and surrounds every protein inside a cell. It turns out, this is why DNA codes ONLY for proteins in all life forms. This exclusive arrangement makes sense in AMO physics. It helps limit movement in cells. These proteins are unique in having this intrinsic ability. It also helps explain why proteins and amino acids are rarely mutated in life. This stability also limits Brownian motion. When one limits motion the flow of entropy can be harnessed to build dissipative structures that self-organize.

Once life finds a protein that has favorable molecular chemistry it acts to conserve it in DNA and RNA codes. Changes rarely happen in those nuclear genes. We did not know this 40 years ago but we do now. In fact, the primate tree of life has had more gene changes (244) than humans have (141) yet we possess many more attributes than they do. This is something neo-Darwinists have repeatedly gotten wrong. Traits do not come from DNA code alterations, they come from epigenetic changes that control those gene products. These epigenetic traits come from codes created by mtDNA as it transforms light energy from the sun to a code the cell could use to create an order in cells. 

Non-coding parts of the DNA are not genes. Non-coding parts of the code are a quantized instruction manual of how this AMO code works with the other parts of nature found on Earth. And it turns out, modern science has found experimentally what controls how those genes are expressed, however, always changes second to second. Evolution is a constant force of light rays from our extraterrestrial star acting upon our non-coding quantum instruction manual in cells.

Here is another reason why I am considered a radical thinker. Genes are not the stage life is played on in a quantum world. Water a mitochondrion creates is the stage of life. How genes operate and are expressed helps explain better how life really happens. This is why modern medicine badly needs a paradigm change. It is long overdue. We need to get clinicians and scientists to take their eyes off the nuclear molecular nuts and bolts, to think about bigger questions, such as, what is life really? Ironically, this was the name of Schrodinger’s book in 1944! The epigenetic changes created by mtDNA tend to follow the same principles that we see in how refrigerators deal with entropy.

REFRIGERATORS AND CELLS HAVE A LOT IN COMMON

Think about what a modern refrigerator does for our food. Anything that increases temperature increases entropy in that matter. The hotter something is, the more flow of entropy it has. The colder matter is, the less entropy it has. This is another reason Cold Thermogenesis is primordial to all life because it creates the illusion of “free energy” by limiting Brownian motions of atoms in matter. This reduces entropy and disorder in the environment. A cell limits motion by surrounding every protein in cells with water.

Astrophysicists have shown that carbon monoxide is used in galaxy creation and in the cosmic evolution of stars to cool the gases and dust to form a galaxy. This is a dissipative system that builds order from chaos to create the possibility that light can be formed from matter. In this example, cooling is being used in space at the largest scales to create a star. The theory behind the use of my "Cold thermogenesis" protocol occurs in our cells at the smallest microcosmic stage where the water cools atoms to slow their movement.

It is built into the entropy equation of physics, and not just in the way life uses energy in its physiologic systems. For example, electricity from the power company powers your refrigerator. The energy from the sun powers your cells. In your home, your heating bills normally go up in winter and your electric bills go up when you use your refrigerator to cool and save your food. Here you can see how energy use and entropy are linked naturally. You must spend energy to reduce the temperature to reduce entropy according to the laws of thermodynamics. What is not so obvious to most people, is that the energy is also required, to REDUCE entropy in your refrigerator.

I explained this in complex biological terms in my Energy and Epigenetics 6 blog. Entropy costs us energy in coming and going in life. This is why Schrodinger believed life somehow created a negative entropy state. It was an illusion of its atomic design. A refrigerator cools down its interior by design, by reducing the temperature inside, thereby reducing entropy. Inside the refrigerator it’s cold, but if you check the backside of the refrigerator you will find it is blowing out very warm air into your kitchen.

The reason for this observation? The refrigerator is taking the heat from inside the appliance around your food, and it is dumping it back into the environment of your kitchen. It is transforming the flow of energy from the AC power grid to your kitchen to protect your food. The colonies of mitochondria in your cells are doing the same thing. It takes solar energy to create water that surrounds the atoms in your cells (mimics food in the frig) to slow its motions. The mitochondria then dump the warm energy created by metabolism into the water it created in its matrix to create a batter that powers the proteins in you. This slows the Brownian motion in the proteins so light can alter their charge density. As a result of coupling solar energy transformation to atoms in your cells, entropy drops inside the cell (mimicking the refrigerator), but it increases in the overall environment = water in your cells (mimicking your kitchen).

Water is the means, medium, and message of life and it has to be made in large quantities in your mitochondrial matrix for you to remain healthy. Any reduction in its production will lead to diseases because entropy rises.

That increase in entropy is actually measurable in your kitchen and your cells today, and the net increase in entropy is completely dictated by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. It has been said that the Second Law of Thermodynamics is among the most rigid, and most important laws in Nature. Sir Alfred Eddington, the astronomer who proved Einstein’s theory of relativity true, once said, "any belief that breaks the Second Law is a falsehood". It is an acid test for all things in nature.

Mitochondria are not mechanical machines and you should never think of them this way.

Mechanical systems work by centralized control mechanisms. Centralization is a hierarchy of control and the control that returns the systems to set points (equilibrium). Life is never at equilibrium when living. In fact, it lives far from equilibrium during life. The only time life is lived at equilibrium is when rigor mortis sets in. Rigor mortis is the final stage of obtaining equilibrium. It is the point where AMO physics loses its edge because mitochondria energy is not being transformed to create water. At death, your colony of refrigerators isn't transforming solar energy into the water. Energy is not transformed to make sure the cell is filled constantly with energy to operate.

One can recognize such mechanistic systems in the predominant institutions of our society today. These centralized institutions are all failing us today. They are centralized undemocratic and non-participatory. Experts they hire create control and compliance programs for their rules. These rules are not the rules found in Nature. Nature only uses laws that are fully decentralized = light & dark cycles create the circadian mechanism in cells. In centralized systems, bosses make decisions and workers work, and in between the top and the bottom are “line managers’’ relaying the unidirectional “chain of command”. There is no decentralization in the system to make sure the structure is highly powered in all realms. Cells reject centralization.

At life's genesis chaos has to gain order. Dissipative structure theory really aims to solve this problem for biology by using AMO physics to get the job done.

Remember that stored energy in cells is coherent energy in water. The organism is, therefore, a highly coherent domain possessing a full range of coherence times and coherence volumes of energy storage. This keeps it far from equilibrium and makes it a highly dissipative system of organization.

Mitochondria are dissipative structures in cells, but they are not the only ones. Mitochondria transform energy and create order from the disorder in light energy they use to operate. The water mitochondria create is probably the single most important dissipative structure that life is based upon in cells. According to Prigogine, determinism loses its explanatory power in the face of irreversibility and instability in dissipative systems. This is a major departure from the approach of Newton, Einstein, and Schrödinger, all of whom expressed their theories in terms of deterministic equations. This is a hard swallow for centralized healthcare to accept. Even today, this is why people like Gilbert Ling and I are ostracized.

Epigenetic programs created by mtDNA seem to always look to improve how to ‘reduce entropy or chaos’ and make sense of what the environmental pressures are at this time. Proteins coded for by nDNA tend to have very specific and correct intermolecular makeups to limit molecular motions inside a cell and let electrons and protons, the charged particles, move freely throughout the organism to do life’s business. It appears life is organized around the precise capture of photons and electrons from the sun and moves them to the atomic lattice of proteins to deliver light energy to them to operate in the cell.

Because of the atomic organization of cells (AMO physics), there is always energy available within the cell system. The energy derived from the sun is stored coherently, and ready for use, over all space-time domains. Mitochondrial water production is critical in the blueprint.

How cells transform solar energy is 100% based upon QFT/QED and not the classic biologic dogma all physicians and scientists learned in their training. These proteins have side groups that have special molecular abilities. The exposed side chains on their backbones tend to like to bind water to form hydration shells. They do this without any energy being added. It is self-assembly and free of an energy charge. This helps the cell obey the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The correct primary and secondary protein structures of these proteins dictate how water can or can not bind to the backbone. The instructions for this blueprint are built into the DNA and RNA code. No other energy is needed for this maneuver either. This binding has huge implications on how biochemistry can or can not act within a cell. Tertiary and quaternary protein bending do require incoming solar energy to occur. It can happen at night time because energy is stored in the cell's protoplasm. An inability to transform energy is why bent proteins seem to be found in cells and in many neolithic diseases today.

It turns out, the energy is transferred in a human cell just as energy is transferred to water's hydrogen-bonded networks from the sun for plants and trees. We are designed to eat sunlight in this sense. Food is the go-between of how we do this. The system of energy transfer is complex in plants and trees, but it is coupled by photosynthesis.

It has over 30 steps recently just worked out, in photosynthesis. In animals and in humans, the process is even more complex and still not well known because the NIH still believes ATP can energize life with its measly phosphate bonds to overcome the energy of activation of biochemical reactions.

It can’t because no one has shown how the energy of activation is tallied and follows the first two laws of thermodynamics without ending up with negative energy. Life is fully decentralized and it can never have a negative checkbook and still be considered alive. It does not operate like the Federal Reserve or Treasury. Those are centralized systems that break thermodynamic principles.

BIOLOGICAL FALLACY

The energy cost of the Na/K ATPase breaks the bank account by 5-fold energy costs!!! Who did that math to prove this? Gilbert Ling.

Gilbert Ling’s  AI hypothesis is the only theory that begins with this monumental task in mind. Does he have it all correct? No, I do not believe he does based on data we have obtained over the last 65 years since he shared his ideas, but he has the basics correct because they follow QED principles and they are thermodynamically perfect. No one in biology can claim what he can. His ideas led to the creation of the MRI machine I use every day as a neurosurgeon. He is an unknown giant in biology whose work you must get familiar with.

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