Manual handling
- 1. Manual Handling One Day Course
- 2. Welcome Course Introduction Course Overview 1. Introduction to Manual Handling 2. Spinal Awareness, Risk Factors for Back Pain and Injuries 3. Health and Safety Legislation 4. Dynamic Assessment 5. Efficient Movement Principles and Practical Workshop
- 3. Introduction to Manual Handling Session 1 Introduction to Manual Handling
- 4. Learning Outcomes • State examples of manual handling in the workplace. • Identify the impact of poor manual handling on the business and on a worker’s personal life.
- 5. Introduction to Manual Handling Definition of Manual Handling “any transporting or supporting of a load (including the lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving thereof) by hand or by bodily force”
- 6. Introduction to Manual Handling A third of all workplace injuries which include work related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) such as upper and lower limb pain/disorders, joint and repetitive strain injuries are caused by manual handling.
- 7. Introduction to Manual Handling Increasing prevalence of back pain in 16-24 year olds Source 2013 - www.backcare.org.uk
- 9. Manual Handling in the Workplace Delegate Exercise List the manual handling you carry out in your workplace.
- 10. What happens if things go wrong Delegate Exercise List the potential Impact to the business if things go wrong.
- 11. What happens if things go wrong Delegate Exercise List the potential Impact to a worker’s personal life if things go wrong.
- 12. Spinal Awareness Risk Factors for Back Pain and Injuries Session 2 Spinal Awareness Risk Factors for Back Pain and Injuries
- 13. Learning Outcomes • Identify components of the spine. • Describe how the spine can become injured. • Identify work related risk factors for back pain. • Recognise individual risk factors for back pain.
- 14. Cervical x 7 Thoracic x 12 Lumbar x 5 Sacrum x 5 (Fused) Coccyx x 4 (Fused) Spinal Overview
- 15. Facet Joints Facet joints joins each pair of vertebra like hinges.
- 16. Muscles of the Spine 16
- 17. Ligaments of the Spine • Link adjacent vertebra. • Run the length of spine from the base of skull to the upper sacrum. • They resist movement particularly flexion.
- 19. Prolapsed Disc
- 20. Back Pain Most back pain occurs in the lower back.
- 21. Types of Lower Back Pain The types and causes of lower back pain are numerous but roughly fall into either • Sudden (traumatic) • Sustained overstress injuries
- 22. Risk Factors for Back Pain and Injury • Physical • Psychological • Personal
- 23. Physical Risk Factors Force Excessive force can lead to fatigue and to injury, either through a single-event strain injury or through the cumulative effect.
- 24. Physical Risk Factors Repetition Same muscle groups used over and over again during the working day.
- 25. Physical Risk Factors Posture • It is the position our bodies adopt in response to the effects of gravity. • It is the way we hold ourselves, in sitting, standing or even lying down.
- 26. Physical Risk Factors Awkward Posture Awkward posture is where a part of the body (e.g. a spinal joint) is used well beyond its neutral position.
- 33. Delegate Exercise Good Seated Posture
- 34. Discs
- 35. Delegate Exercise Good Standing Posture 1. Bear your weight primarily on the balls of your feet. 2. Keep your knees slightly bent. 3. Keep your feet about shoulder-width apart. 4. Let your arms hang naturally down the sides of the body. 5. Stand straight and tall with your shoulders pulled backward. 6. Tuck your abdomen in. 7. Keep your head level - earlobes should be in line with your shoulders. (Do not push your head forward, backward, or sideways to the side.)
- 36. Good Driving Posture • Keep your back against the seat and head rest. • Adjust your seat to maintain a proper distance from the pedals and steering wheel. • Adjust the head rest so the middle of your head rests against it. • Tilt the head rest, as needed, to maintain a distance of no more than four inches (10cm) between the back of your head and the head rest.
- 38. Physical Risk Factors Static Posture/ Loading Static posture is when a part of the body is held in a particular position for extended periods of time.
- 39. Physical Risk Factors • Posture, force and repetition are interlinked. • When a task involves all of these risk factors, there is a greater risk of injury.
- 40. Key Learning Points • Heavy repetitive lifting may cause damage to muscles, ligaments and discs. • Poor posture may cause disc damage and strain soft tissues • Asymmetric lifting damages facet joints. • A sudden trauma to the spine may cause muscle damage.
- 41. Psychosocial Risk Factors Psychosocial risk factors are things that may affect workers’ psychological response to their work.
- 42. Psychosocial Risk Factors • Workers are unable to make full use of their skills. • Workers, as a rule, are not involved in making decisions that affect them. • Workers are expected to only carry out repetitive, monotonous tasks.
- 43. Psychosocial Risk Factors • Work that is machine or system paced (and may be monitored inappropriately). • Work demands are perceived as excessive.
- 44. Psychosocial Risk Factors Effects of psychosocial factors may be linked to musculoskeletal disorders via stress- related processes such as hormones.
- 45. Personal Risk Factors • Age • Low level of fitness • Previous injury • Over-weight
- 46. Health and Safety Legislation Session 3 Health and Safety Legislation
- 47. Learning Outcomes • State the employer’s duties in relation to manual handling. • State the employee’s duties in relation to manual handling.
- 48. Employer’s Duties Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 • Avoid the need for manual handling jobs which involve a risk of injury. • Assess the risks arising from manual handling tasks that can not be avoided. • Reduce the risk of injury. • Inform employees of: the weight of each load. the heaviest side of any load whose centre of gravity is off centre.
- 49. Employee’s Duties HASAWA 1974, MHSWR 1999 & MHOR 1992 • To take reasonable care for themselves and others • To comply with the training provided by their employer • To comply with safe systems laid out by their employer • Report any shortcomings in the employers protection arrangements
- 50. Dynamic Assessment Session 4 Dynamic Assessment
- 51. Learning Outcomes • Be able to conduct a dynamic assessment based on TILE
- 52. Dynamic Risk Assessment On the spot assessment which involves the ergonomic approach and the use of ‘TILE’. Task Individual Load Environment 52
- 53. Dynamic Risk Assessment Task Twisting - increases stress on the spine Stooping - increases the stress due to weight of the body being added to weight of the load Reaching upwards - increases stress on arms and the back
- 54. Dynamic Risk Assessment Task Long carrying distances - physically demanding and may require a change of hold Load held away from the trunk - the further the load is held from the body the greater the spinal stress Repetition - muscles become fatigued and a corresponding reduction in muscular efficiency will occur
- 55. Pre-transfer Assessment / Dynamic Risk Assessment Individual Unusual capability – in general men have greater capability to undertake manual handling Special information/training - risk of injury increased if the employee has not had adequate training in recognising unusual characteristics Physical capability - physical capability declines with age
- 56. Pre-Transfer Assessment / Dynamic Risk Assessment Load Weight - heavy loads potentially increase risk of damage to the musculoskeletal system Does it look difficult to grasp? - handling will call for additional grip strength which is tiring and potentially involve changes to posture and risk of dropping the load Condition - hot/cold or sharp edges - risk of direct injury, poor posture, impairment of grip
- 57. Pre-Transfer Assessment / Dynamic Risk Assessment Load Bulky and unwieldy - prevents the handler getting close to the load and results in poor posture, vision obscured, difficult to control and not balanced Stability - instability causes additional spinal stresses and sudden movement which the handler is not prepared for
- 58. Pre-Transfer Assessment / Dynamic Risk Assessment Environment Cramped - causes poor posture Low surfaces - causes stooping Floor condition – poor conditions cause slips, trips and steps/slopes make handling more difficult Hot/humid/cold - can cause fatigue, perspiration on hands reducing grip
- 59. Delegate Exercise Identify factors relating to the task and load from the video. http://www.hse.gov.uk/Msd/mac/carryvid1.htm
- 60. Efficient Movement Principles and Practical Work Session 5 Efficient Movement Principles Practical Work
- 61. Learning Outcomes • Be able to demonstrate the application of efficient movement principles and conduct a dynamic assessment for: Lifting and lowering symmetrical objects Awkward loads Pushing and pulling Team Handling
- 62. Efficient Movement Principles Technique • It may be the ‘least worst’ • Not transferable in all cases • May be appropriate to a specific risk assessment • Specific to that operation • Beware of individual differences • Not person centred Principles • Transferable to different situations • Focus on reducing risks • Individual ownership of knowledge • Develops a problem solving approach • Person centred
- 63. Efficient Movement Principles • Dynamic stable base • Flexed knees and hips • Natural curves • Close to load • Secure hold • Use of head
- 65. Awkward and Non-Routine Load Handling Research recognises that it is not always possible to apply the efficient movement principles and guidance suggests: • Plan the task • Minimise the horizontal distance of the object from the trunk • Get a secure hold
- 66. Awkward and Non-Routine Load Handling - Practical
- 67. Pushing and Pulling • Pulling and pushing of loads occurs with manual movements • Force is exerted in the horizontal plane via a limb or other part of the body
- 68. Pushing and Pulling Risk Factors for Pushing and Pulling • Pushing and pulling over long distances • Insufficient rest/recovery time • Obstacles on the route • Repetition • Poor handle position • Excessive and unstable load • Unstable posture
- 70. Pre-User Equipment Checks 70 Problems to look for when making an assessment • Correct device for the job? • Well maintained? • Suitable wheels? • Free running wheels? • Suitable handle height? (between waist and shoulders) • Comfortable handle grips? • Effective brakes?
- 71. Pushing and Pulling Loads Practical
- 72. Team Handling Handling by two or more people may achieve a lifting operation or task that is beyond the capability of one person and/or reduce the risk of injury to a single handler
- 73. Team Handling • Handlers should have adequate access to the load • Load should provide sufficient handholds
- 76. THANK YOU