Material Properties.pptx
- 1. II- Material Properties • Physical • Chemical • Thermal • Mechanical • Optical • Magnetic • Electrical
- 2. Physical Property • Density • Color • Size and Shape, • Specific Gravity of Material ratio of density of material with respect to density of reference material or substance. For gravity calculation water is considered as reference substance. • Porosity of materials represents quantity of voids in solid materials.
- 4. Chemical composition • The chemical composition of engineering material indicates the elements which are combined together to form that material.
- 5. Atomic Bonding • Atomic bonding represents how atoms are bounded to each other to form the material. • Ionic bond – froms by exchanging of valence electrons between atoms. • Covalent bonds – froms by sharing of electrons between atoms. • Metallic bonds – found in metals.
- 6. Corrosion Resistance • Corrosion is a gradual chemical or electrochemical attack on a metal by its surrounding medium.
- 7. Acidity • Acidity or Alkalinity is an important chemical property of engineering materials. • A material is acetic or Alkane, it is decided by the ph value of the material. • Ph value of a material varies from 0 to 14. Ph value of 7 is considered to be neutral. • Ordinary water is having ph value of 7. The materials which are having ph value below 7 are called Acetic and • Materials which are having ph value greater than 7 are called alkane. • Acidity of Alkalinity of material indicates that how they react with other materials.
- 8. Thermal Properties • Melting Point • Boiling Point • Thermal conductivity • Specific heat • The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree
- 9. Mechanical Properties • Strength • The measurement of how much load a material can withstand before failure. • There are 3 different types of strength based on loading types, which are: • a. Compressive strength • b. Shear strength • c. Tensile strength
- 10. Strength • Deformation before fracture, the 3 types of strength are: • a. Elastic strength • b. Ultimate strength • c. Yield strength
- 12. Fatigue Strength • The amount of cycles a material can withstand under fluctuating stress (cyclic loading) upon reaching failure.
- 13. Brittleness • Brittleness is when a material breaks suddenly under stress, without exhibiting much elastic deformation or changes in dimension.
- 14. Stiffness • A material’s ability to resist significant elastic deformation while loading.
- 15. Hardness • Hardness is defined by a material’s ability to resist various forms of deformation, indentation and penetration.
- 16. Toughness • Toughness is defined by the material’s capacity to withstand elastic and plastic deformation without failure.
- 17. Embrittlement • The result of metal losings its ductility and becoming brittle due to chemical or physical changes.
- 18. Homogeneity • Any material that has the same properties throughout its entire geometry. • Certain types of homogeneous material includes plastics, metals, glass, paper, resins and coatings.
- 20. Heterogenous • Any material that has the Different properties throughout its entire geometry.
- 21. Elasticity • Materials that rebound back to their original dimensions after deformation
- 22. Plasticity • A type of permanent deformation that occurs under stress before resulting in failure.
- 23. Ductility Ductility is the result of solid material becoming stretched due to tensile stress.
- 24. Malleability • The ability to plastically deform a material or significantly change its shape without becoming fractured.
- 25. Machinability • The ease of which a metal part can be cut without sacrificing the quality of the finish.
- 26. Creep • A slow and gradual deformation (or change in dimensions) of materials under a certain applied load. Measured by the influence of time and temperature.
- 28. Resilience • The ability to absorb energy while being elastically deformed, and releasing that energy after being unloaded.
- 29. Damping • Damping refers to dissipating the amount of energy used to create vibration, oscillation or stress. A material with a good damping property, such as cast iron, is capable of absorbing high amounts of vibration.
- 30. Thermal Expansion • A change in shape, volume or area caused by changes in temperature.
- 32. Emissivity • It is an optical property of material, which describes how much light is radiated (emitted) from the material in relation to an amount which radiates black body at the same temperature. Black body is an ideal body that absorbs all radiation. • Emissivity depends on: • chemical composition • structure of the material • temperature • wavelength • direction of emission
- 33. Reflectivity • Reflectivity is an optical property of material, which describes how much light is reflected from the material in relation to an amount of light incident on the material. • Emissivity depends on: • chemical composition • structure of the material • temperature • wavelength • direction of emission
- 34. Transmissivity • Transmissivity is an optical property of a material, which describes how much light is transmitted through material in relation to an amount of light incident on the material. The light that was not transmitted was either reflected or absorbed • Emissivity depends on: • chemical composition • structure of the material • temperature • wavelength • direction of emission
- 35. Absorptivity • Absorptivity is an optical property of a material, which describes how much light was absorbed in material in relation to an amount of light incident on the material • Emissivity depends on: • chemical composition • structure of the material • temperature • wavelength • direction of emission
- 37. Resistivity • It the property of material which resists the flow of electric current through material. It is the reciprocal of conductivity.
- 38. Conductivity It is the property of material with allow the flow of electric current through material. It is a parameter which indicates that how easily electric current can flow through the material.
- 39. Dielectric Strength • It is the property of material which indicates the ability of material to withstand at high voltages. • A material having high dielectric strength can withstand at high voltages.
- 40. Thermoelectricity • If the junction, formed by joining to two metals, is heated, a small voltage in the range of millivolt is produced. This effect is called thermoelectricity
- 41. Permittivity • It is the property of every material, which measures the opposition offered against the formation of an electric field.
- 42. Electric Vehicle • What are the inner parts of an EV? • EVs have 90% less moving parts that an ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) car. Here's a breakdown of the parts that keep an EV moving: • Electric Engine/Motor - Provides power to rotate the wheels. It can be DC/AC type, however, AC motors are more common. • Inverter - Converts the electric current in the form of Direct Current (DC) into Alternating Current (AC)
- 44. EV • Drivetrain - EVs have a single-speed transmission which sends power from the motor to the wheels. • Batteries - Store the electricity required to run an EV. The higher the kW of the battery, the higher the range. • Charging - Plug into an outlet or EV charging point to charge your battery.
- 46. Permeability • It is the property of magnetic material which indicates that how easily the magnetic flux is build up in the material. Some time is also called as the magnetic susceptibility of material.
- 47. Retentivity • When a magnetic material is placed in an external magnetic field, its grains get oriented in the direction of magnetic field. Which results in magnetization of material in the direction of external magnetic field.
- 49. Coercive Force • Due to retentivity of material, even after removal of external magnetic field some magnetization exists in material. This magnetism is called residual magnetism of material. • To remove this residual magnetization, we have to apply some external magnetic field in opposite direction. • This external magnetic motive force (ATs) required to overcome the residual magnetism is called “coercive force” of material.
- 50. Reluctance • It is a property of magnetic material which resists to buildup of magnetic flux in material.