Week 7 highlights
- 1. in medias res into the midst of affairs, into the middle of a narrative.
- 2. TheThree Appeals Pathos, Ethos, and Logos
- 3. PATHOS PATHOS OR THE EMOTIONAL APPEAL, MEANS TO PERSUADE AN AUDIENCE BY APPEALING TO THEIR
- 4. PATHOS AUTHORS USE PATHOS TO INVOKE SYMPATHY FROM AN AUDIENCE; TO MAKE THE AUDIENCE FEEL WHAT THE AUTHOR WANTS THEM TO FEEL. A COMMON USE OF PATHOS WOULD BE TO DRAW PITY FROM
- 5. PATHOS ANOTHER USE OF PATHOS WOULD BE TO INSPIRE ANGER FROM AN AUDIENCE; PERHAPS IN ORDER TO PROMPT ACTION.
- 6. PATHOS EMOTIONAL APPEALS ARE OFTEN EFFECTIVE AS A RHETORICAL DEVICE, BUT ARE GENERALLY CONSIDERED NAIVE OR DISHONEST AS A LOGICAL ARGUMENT, SINCE THEY OFTEN APPEAL TO THE PREJUDICES OF LISTENERS RATHER THAN OFFER A SOBER ASSESSMENT OF A SITUATION.
- 7. ETHOS ETHOS OR THE ETHICAL APPEAL, MEANS TO CONVINCE AN AUDIENCE OF THE AUTHOR’S CREDIBILITY OR CHARACTER.
- 8. ETHOS AN AUTHOR WOULD USE ETHOS TO SHOW TO HIS AUDIENCE THAT HE IS A CREDIBLE SOURCE AND IS WORTH LISTENING TO.
- 9. ETHOS ETHOS CAN BE DEVELOPED BY CHOOSING LANGUAGE THAT IS APPROPRIATE FOR THE AUDIENCE AND TOPIC (ALSO MEANS CHOOSING PROPER LEVEL OF VOCABULARY),…
- 10. ETHOS …MAKING YOURSELF SOUND FAIR OR UNBIASED, INTRODUCING YOUR EXPERTISE OR PEDIGREE, AND BY USING CORRECT GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX.
- 11. METHODS OF DISPLAYING ETHOS BE RESPECTFUL BE HONEST BE EDUCATED BE COMPETENT
- 12. LOGOS Logos or the appeal to logic, means to convince an audience by use of logic or reason.
- 13. LOGOS To use logos would be to cite facts and statistics, historical and literal analogies, and citing certain authorities on a subject.
- 14. LOGOS Logos can be developed by using advanced, theoretical or abstract language, citing facts (very important), using historical and literal analogies, and by constructing logical arguments.
- 15. MediaBias
- 16. Contoso Ltd.
- 18. Contoso Ltd. Solution Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam aliquet eu mi quis lacinia. Prioritize Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Authorize Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Monetize Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Add a footer 18
- 19. Versatile Parts of Speech The following examples show that the same word may have more than one kind of grammatical office (or function). It is the meaning which we give to a word in the sentence that determines its classification as a part of speech. The chief classes of words thus variously used are: 1) Nouns and adjectives 2) Nouns and verbs 3) Adjectives and adverbs 4) Adjectives and pronouns 5) Adverbs and prepositions
- 20. Nouns and Verbs The same word can be used as a noun as well as a verb. Here are three examples. Noun: Hear the wash of the tide. Verb: Wash those windows. Noun: Give me a stamp. Verb: Stamp this envelope. Noun: It is the call of the sea. Verb: They call me chief.
- 21. The Serial Comma Better known as the Oxford Comma!
- 22. The Oxford Comma I threw a party. I invited two strippers, Hitler, and Stalin. I threw a party. I invited two strippers, Hitler and Stalin.
- 23. The Oxford Comma The $10 million comma In a class action lawsuit, drivers for Oakhurst Dairy sued the company over its failure to grant them overtime pay. According to Maine law, workers are entitled to 1.5 times their normal pay for any hours worked over 40 per week. However, there are exemptions to this rule.
- 24. The Oxford Comma Specifically, companies don’t need to pay overtime for the following activities: The canning, processing, preserving, freezing, drying, marketing, storing, packing for shipment or distribution of: Agricultural produce; Meat and fish product; and Perishable foods Note the end of the opening line, where there is no comma before the “or.”
- 25. The Oxford Comma Oakhurst Dairy argued its drivers did not qualify for overtime because they engage in distribution, and the spirit of the law intended to list “packing for shipment” and “distribution” as two separate exempt activities.
- 26. The Oxford Comma However, the drivers argued the letter of the law said no such thing. Without that telltale Oxford comma, the law could be read to exclude only packing — whether it was packing for shipment or packing for distribution. Distribution by itself, in this case, would not be exempt.
- 27. The Oxford Comma Without that comma, as the judge maintained, this distinction was not clearcut: Specifically, if that exemption used a serial comma to mark off the last of the activities that it lists, then the exemption would clearly encompass an activity that the drivers perform. And, in that event, the drivers would plainly fall within the exemption and thus outside the overtime law’s protection.
- 28. The Oxford Comma But, as it happens, there is no serial comma to be found in the exemption’s list of activities, thus leading to this dispute over whether the drivers fall within the exemption from the overtime law or not. As a result, the court found in favor of the drivers, costing the dairy an estimated $10 million.