week 10-11 news.pptx
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This document provides information about journalistic writing and news. It defines journalism as the practice of gathering, verifying, and reporting information of public importance through various media. Journalistic writing is a style used to report news stories in print and broadcast media. The document discusses the importance of journalistic writing in presenting information to lay audiences. It defines news and a news article, and discusses criteria for determining what constitutes news such as whether an event is new, unusual, interesting, significant, and about people. The document also describes where news comes from and the purposes of news versus entertainment.
week 10-11 news.pptx
- 1. APPLE JANE B. TAGUM Instructor III Week 10-11: Journalistic Writing - News
- 2. Journalism • the practice of gathering, recording, verifying, and reporting on information of public importance • the collection, preparation, and distribution of news and related commentary and feature materials through such print and electronic media as newspapers, magazines, books, blogs, webcasts, podcasts, social networking and social media sites, and e-mail as well as through radio
- 3. Journalistic Writing a style of writing used to report news stories in newspapers, television broadcast, radio and on the internet is writing for media outlets; each journalistic piece satisfies a different audience, the more it will be published in different media outlets
- 4. Importance of Journalistic Writing One of its functions is to gather data and information, and present it in a way such that laymen or ordinary people reading the newspaper or watching the television can easily understand Another function of journalism is to filter the most crucial issues and events that the people have to know in order to have a grasp somehow of the environment they are moving in
- 5. Define the following News News article
- 6. What is news? Wikipedia defines News as information about current events. This may be provided through many different media: word of mouth, printing, postal systems, broadcasting, electronic communication, or through the testimony of observers and witnesses to events.
- 7. Other definitions: News is information about a recently changed situation or a recent event. Example: We waited and waited for news of him.
- 8. News is information that is published in newspapers and broadcast on radio and television about recent events in the country or world or in a particular area of activity. Ex. Foreign News is on Page 16. The news is a television or radio broadcast which consists of information about recent events in the country or the world. Ex. I heard all about the bombs on the news.
- 9. News is sometimes used in the names of newspapers. Ex. ...the New York Daily News.
- 10. Etymology The English word "news" developed in the 14th century as a special use of the plural form of "new". In Middle English, the equivalent word was newes, like the French nouvelles and the German Neues. Similar developments are found in the Slavic languages the Czech and Slovak noviny (from nový, "new"), the cognate Polish nowiny, the Bulgarian novini, and Russian novosti – and in the Celtic languages: the Welsh newyddion (from newydd) and the Cornish nowodhow (from nowydh).
- 11. Criteria of news The criteria by which news is judged are: Is it new? Is it unusual? Is it interesting or significant? Is it about people?
- 12. a. Is it new? If it is not new, it cannot be news. The assassination of Mrs Gandhi is unusual, interesting, significant and about people, but it cannot possibly be reported in tomorrow's papers, because it is not new. Events which happened days or even weeks earlier can still be news, as long as they have not been reported before. If you are telling a story for the first time, it is new to your readers or listeners and therefore it can be news. News of the death of Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong) for instance, was not released to the world by the Chinese government for several days; when they did release it, however, it was still very definitely news.
- 13. b. Is it unusual? Things are happening all the time, but not all of them are news, even when they are new. A man wakes up, eats breakfast and goes to work on a bus; it has only just happened, but nobody wants to read about it because it is not unusual. Ordinary and everyday things do not make news. Of course, if that same man was 90 years old and was still catching the bus to work every day, it would be unusual! The classic definition of news is this: "Dog bites man" is not news; "Man bites dog" is news.
- 14. c. Is it interesting? Events which are new and unusual may still not be of general interest. Scientists may report that an insect has just been found living on a plant which it did not previously inhabit. The discovery is new, and the event is unusual, but it is unlikely to interest anybody other than a specialist or enthusiast. In a specialist publication this could be big news, but in a general news broadcast or paper it would merit at most a few words.
- 15. d. Is it significant? However, if that same insect was one which had a huge appetite, and which had previously lived on and eaten bush grass and if the new plant on which it had been found was rice, then the story becomes news, because it is significant. People may not be interested in bugs, but they are interested in food. If this insect is now threatening their crops, it becomes a matter of concern to them. It is news because it is significant.
- 16. e. Is it about people? Most news is automatically about people, because it is the things people do to change the world which makes news. However, news can also be made by non- human sources, such as a cyclone, a bush fire, a drought, a volcanic eruption or an earthquake. It is when reporting these stories that it is important to make sure that the story is centered on people.
- 17. RIGHT: More than 100 people were left homeless after Cyclone Victor struck Suva yesterday. WRONG: Seventeen houses were flattened when Cyclone Victor struck Suva yesterday.
- 18. How strong a story? A story which is new, unusual, interesting, significant and about people is going to be a very good story indeed. One way of deciding the strength of a story is to check how many of those five criteria it meets. a. Closeness The same event happening in two different places can have two quite different news values
- 19. b. Personal impact The average reader, listener or viewer may be a parent, a person wanting a good education for the children, dreaming of buying a car, looking forward to going home on leave, anticipating the next big community feast or festival. You will need to have a very clear understanding of what your own readers or listeners are like.
- 20. How do we get news? Government handouts, president’s speeches and announcements of new developments Passing on such information, as long as it is genuinely interesting and informative, is an important function of the media, to provide society with the hard facts of what is happening in the country.
- 21. Where does news come from? 1. Conflicts: This category includes wars, strikes, revolutions, secessionist groups, tribal and clan fights, elections and the power battles of politics. 2. Disaster and tragedy: This may include air crashes, train crashes, ships sinking, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, or human tragedies like children falling down deep wells from which they cannot be rescued.
- 22. 3. Progress and development: Development is always news in a developing country. The report should be always of how the changes affect people's lives, for better or for worse. 4. Crime: Any crime can be news, whether it is a road traffic offence, break and enter, corruption, forgery, rape or murder - but more serious crimes or unusual crimes generally make bigger news stories.
- 23. 5. Money: These stories include fortunes made and lost, school fees, taxes, the Budget, food prices, wage rises, economic crises and compensation claims. 6. The underdog: This is one of the great themes of literature and drama (David and Goliath, the Hare and the Tortoise, Cinderella). One traditional role of the journalist is to defend the rights of the little person - the soldier against the unjust officer, the innocent man against false charges, the poor against exploitation.
- 24. 7. Religion: There are two types of religious news story. First, there are events involving people's religious lives, such as the building of a new church or a pilgrimage. Second, there are statements by religious leaders on moral and spiritual affairs, such as contraception or salvation. 8. Famous people: Prominent men and women make news. What people in the public eye do, the lives they lead and what they look like, are all of interest.
- 25. 9. Health: Many people are concerned with their health, so they are interested in stories about traditional remedies, medical research, diseases, hospitals and clinics, drugs, diet and exercise. 10. Sex: All societies are interested in sex, even if they do not talk about it openly. Many news stories about sex involve behavior which goes outside society's generally accepted standards.
- 26. 11. Weather: The weather may affect the daily routine of people and is of interest when it behaves unusually, with exceptionally high or low temperatures, or exceptionally high or low rainfall. 12. Food and drink: Shortages and gluts, crop diseases and harvest sizes, prices of food in the market or the launch of a new brand of beer - these all make news. 13. Entertainment: Stories about music, dance, theatre, cinema and carving keep us informed of developments
- 27. 14. Sport: Many people participate in sport and many others are spectators. They all want to know sports results, news of sportsmen and sportswomen and their achievements. 15. Human interest: There are often unusual and interesting aspects of other people's lives which are not particularly significant to society as a whole. Examples might be a child going abroad for surgery; a pilot recovering from injuries received in an air crash and determined to fly again; or a man with a collection of a million picture postcards.
- 28. News and entertainment the purpose of the news media - newspapers, magazines, radio and television - is to inform, to educate and to entertain. However, the purpose of the news itself is to inform and to educate your readers, listeners or viewers entertainment can come from other areas - music and drama programs on radio; cartoons and crossword puzzles in newspapers. It is not the job of news to entertain
- 29. This does not mean that news should be dull. If a news event has an element of humour, you should always try to write the story in a way to amuse your readers or listeners. news should only be reported if it is real news. Do not report non-news as if it was news only because the story is entertaining Make it clear to your readers or listeners what is news and what is not.
- 30. Thank you for listening and for your time