Reading and Reflecting on text..
- 1. UNDERSTANDING WRITING AS A PROCESS: CONTENT (INTENT, AUDIENCE, ORGANISATION) N.Durga Devi 19USDH004 II B.ED.SPECIAL EDUCATION & MATHEMATICS
- 2. WHAT IS WRITING? Each language has four major skills. The receptive skills: listening, reading and the productive skills speaking and writing. Writing is a process that allows writers to explore thoughts and ideas, and make them visible and concrete. writing is an act of communication and interactive process between the writer and the reader text
- 3. Three elements shape the content : 1.Purpose. The reason the writer composes the paragraph. 2.Tone. The attitude the writer conveys about the paragraph’s subject. 3.Audience. The individual or group whom the writer intends to address.
- 4. Mastering the Mechanics of writing: What do we mean when we say MECHANICS? The first step in teaching reading and writing skills in a foreign or second language classroom center around the mechanics of these two skills .By mechanics we usually refer to letter recognition punctuation, and capitalization , well recognition of whole sentences and paragraphs. letter discrimination
- 5. A . Early Writing Tasks: The interaction between reading and writing has often been in focus in the methodology of language teaching The teaching of the mechanics of reading and writing has three different goals: •To enhance letter recognition . •To practice sound-spelling correspondence all four language skills. •To help learners move from letters and words to meaningful sentences and larger units of discourse.
- 6. How do we teach mechanics? Three major types of recognition tasks are used at the early stage of reading and writing ,each type has a great variety of drills: • Matching task. • Writing tasks. • Meaningful smund- spelling correspondence practice
- 7. The typical writing lesson involves three phases: • Prewriting • Composing • Revision 1) Prewriting: (It is an "any structural activities - oral, and written that influence active student participation in thinking, talking, writing, and working on the topic under focus in a writing lesson, stimulating higher-level thinking as well as writing skills.)
- 8. We can use prewriting techniques as mental warm-ups to help them get started on their writing process: • Oral group brainstorming • Dialogue writing • Debating Outlining • Oral reading • Free writing • Fantasizing • Oral composition • silent reading • Use of pictures to stimulate students • Visits to places of interest in the school locality
- 9. 2) Composing: •Making ongoing decisions about every aspect of writing, from vocabulary choice to syntax, style, and organization •Reviewing, rereading, and anticipating what will come next. •Reformulating and adjusting parts as it evolves. 3) Revision: •Contemplating the finished draft. •Revising the organizational and stylistic features of the composition •Revising the grammatical features.
- 10. Feedback and Evaluation: I)Feedback: With works , feedback may be delayed by days or weeks depending on (a)how quickly the teacher reads and corrects the work, and (b) when the class meets. Teachers should provide feedback that addresses the specific instructional needs and expectations of the various groups of student-writers. 2)correction: • The teacher should give periodic and systematic feedback on the students' writing. • The teacher and the students should be familiar with the correction symbols. • The teacher should review or discuss again the patterns which constitute a general mistake or most problem of most students.