STRUCTURES IN C PROGRAMMING

2
Submitted By:
Gurvinder Kaur
L-2019-A-22-BTFT
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND
DATA STRUCTURES
Submitted To:
Mr. Ashok Kumar

In C programming, a struct
(or structure) is a collection
of variables (can be of
different types) under a
single name.
4

5
How to define
structures?
To define a struct,
the struct keyword
is used.
Structure always ends
with a semicolon(;)
struct employees
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
};
Here is an example:
struct structure_Name
{
dataType member1;
dataType member2;
... };
Syntax of struct
Here, a derived type structure employees is defined.

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Create structure
variables
When a struct type is
declared, no storage or
memory is allocated. To
allocate memory of a given
structure type and work
with it, we create variables
struct employees
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
};
int main()
{
struct employees employee1, employee2, e[20];
return 0;
}Two variables employee1,
employee2, and an array variable e
having 20 elements of type struct
employees are created.
Alternative method
struct tag
{
member 1;
member 2;
....
member m;
} var_1, var_2,...var_n;
Declares three
variables of type
struct tag

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Access members
of a structure
There are two types of
operators used for accessing
members of a structure.
. - Member operator
-> - Structure pointer operator
EXAMPLE:-
To access the salary of employee2
employee2.salary
 In order to assign a value to any
structure member, the member name
must be linked with
the structure variable using a
dot . operator also
called period or member
access operator.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
struct employees
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
};
int main( )
{
/* Declare employee1 of type employees */
struct employees employee1 ={“Sofia”,27, 35000};
/* Declare employee2 of type employees */
struct employees employee2={“Blossom”,30, 30000};
/* print employee1 info */
printf( “employee1 name: %sn", employee1.name);
printf( “employee1 age: %dn", employee1.age);
printf( “employee1 salary: %fn", employee1.salary);
/* print employee2 info */
printf( “employee2 name: %sn", employee2.name);
printf( " employee2 age : %dn", employee2.age);
printf( “employee2 salary: %fn", employee2.salary);
return 0;
}
PROGRAM TO ACCESS AND PRINT MEMBERS OF A STRUCTURE
employee1 name: Sofia
employee1 age: 27
employee1 salary: 35000.0
employee2 name: Blossom
employee2 age: 30
employee2 salary: 30000.0
OUTPUT
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Structures as
Function
Arguments
We can pass a structure
as a function argument
in the same way as we
pass any other variable
or pointer.
struct employees
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
};
int manager()
{
struct employees manager;
………
}
int main()
{
struct employees employee1;
………..
}
Manager information is
maintained in a separate
function.
So function manager() is
declared. We have declared a
variable manager in it which is
local to the function
manager()

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#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct employees
{
char name;
int age;
int salary;
};
int manager()
{
struct employees manager;
manager.age=28;
if(manager.age>30)
manager.salary=65000;
else
manager.salary=55000;
return manager.salary;
}
int main()
{ struct employees employee1;
printf(“Enter the salary of employee1:”);
scanf(“%d”, &employee1.salary);
printf(“Enter the salary of employee2:”);
scanf(“%d”, &employee2.salary);
printf(“ Employee 1 salary is: %dn”,employee1.salary);
printf(“ Employee 2 salary is: %dn”,employee2.salary);
printf(“ Manager’s salary is: %dn”,manager());
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
Enter the salary of employee1: 35000
Enter the salary of employee2: 20000
Employee 1 salary is: 35000
Employee 2 salary is: 20000
Manager’s salary is: 55000
PROGRAM SHOWING STRUCTURE AS FUNCTION ARGUMENTS

Array of Structures in
C
An array of structures in C can be
defined as the collection of multiple
structures variables where each variable
contains information about different
entities.
The array of structures in C are used to store
information about multiple entities of different
data types. The array of structures is also
known as the collection of structures.
Once a structure has been
defined, we can declare an
array of structures
for example;
struct student class[50];
The individual members
can be accessed as
class[i].name
class[5].roll_number

Example of an array of structures that stores information of 3
students and prints it.
#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
struct student{
int rollno;
char name[10];
};
int main()
{
int i;
struct student st[3];
printf("Enter Records of 3 students");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
printf("nEnter Rollno:");
scanf("%d",&st[i].rollno);
printf("nEnter Name:");
scanf("%s",&st[i].name);
}
printf("nStudent Information List:");
for(i=0;i<3;i++){
printf("nRollno:%d, Name:%s",st[i].rollno,st[i].name);
}
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
Enter Records of 3 students
Enter Rollno: 1
Enter Name: Jamie
Enter Rollno: 2
Enter Name: Ratan
Enter Rollno: 3
Enter Name: John
Student Information List:
Rollno:1, Name: Jamie
Rollno:2, Name: Ratan
Rollno:3, Name: John

Pointers to
Structures
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struct abc
{
int x;
int y;
};
int main()
{
struct abc a={0,1};
struct abc *ptr=&a;
printf(“%d %d”, ptr->x, ptr->y);
return 0;
}
ptr is a pointer to
some variable of
type struct abc
We can define pointers to structures in
the same way as we define pointer to
any other variable
We can store the address of a structure
variable (a) in the defined pointer
variable(*ptr)
To find the address of a structure
variable, place the '&'; operator before
the structure's name
To access the members of a structure
using a pointer to that structure, we use
the → operator ;
0,1
OUTPUT

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Nested
Structure in C
C provides us the feature of
nesting one structure within
another structure by using
which, complex data types are
created.
Nested structures means, that one
structure has another stucture as
member variable.
struct student
{
char[30] name;
int age;
/* here Address is a structure */
struct Address
{
char[50] locality;
char[50] city;
int pincode;
} addr;

STRUCTURES IN C PROGRAMMING

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