STRUCTURE OF SODIUM D LINE
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The document discusses the structure of the sodium D line spectrum. It explains that sodium has 11 electrons with one valence electron in the third shell. The state of the sodium atom is defined by the state of this valence electron. It also discusses that alkali metal atoms like sodium have one valence electron and diagrams the energy levels of sodium as the P, S, D levels with J values. It introduces the concept of screening constants which account for the number of closed shell electrons that screen the nucleus from the valence electron. Finally, it discusses the quantum defect value which depends on the orbital quantum number and is positive for sodium.
STRUCTURE OF SODIUM D LINE
- 1. PRESNTED BY :– SHEETAL PANWAR PRESENTED TO :- MR. GYANRAO GHOTE
- 2. STRUCTURE OF SODIUM D LINE In sodium atom there are eleven electrons out of which ten electrons are in closed shells and only one electron is the valance electron in the third shells. The state of the atom is expressed by the state of this electron. Thus, sodium atom is the monovalent electron atoms
- 3. P S D1 D2 L J 1 3/2 1 1/2 0 1/2 FIGURE OF STRUCTURE OF SODIUM D LINE
- 4. SPECTRA OF ALKALI METAL ATOMS Like hydrogen atom the alkali metal atoms (such as lithium Li, Sodium Na, potassium k etc.) are also the single electron system because they have only one valance electron in the outer most shells.
- 5. SCREENING CONSTANTS FOR ALKALI METAL In the alkali atoms (atomic number z) there are (z-1) electrons around the nucleus in closed shells and one electron is in the outer most shells which is called the valance electron. The nucleus and the electron is free to move in the electric field of this charge
- 6. QUANTEM DEFECT En = RZ²/(n-a)² Where the lithium n=2,3,4 and for sodium Na n=3,4,5. R is the rydberg constant. Z is the atomic number and the quantiity a is called the quantem defect. The value of screening constant a is positive and its value depend on the value of orbital quantem number.
- 7. QUANTEM DEFECT OF SODIUM
- 8. S P D F SHARP SERIES PRINCIPAL SERIES DIIFFUSE SERIES FUNDAMENTAL SERIES