The Problems of Constructing Optimal Onboard Colored RGB Depicting UAV Systems

International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)
ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821
Volume 6, Issue 8 (August 2017), PP.33-37
www.irjes.com 33 | Page
The Problems of Constructing Optimal Onboard Colored RGB
Depicting UAV Systems
*
Lala Rustam Bekirova
Of Instrument Engineering DepartmentAzerbaijan State Oil And Industry University, Azerbaijan Republic
Corresponding author: *Lala Rustam Bekirova
Abstract:-The problems of constructing optimal adaptive onboard color RGB depictingUAV systems have
been analyzed. The problem of optimal formation of color signals of RGB color system has been formulated and
solved by implementing the adaptive flight mode of UAVs containing an onboard imaging system. An adaptive
UAV mode with an imaging system on board is proposed, which consists of adaptive changes in flight altitude
depending on the wavelength of the received color signal. As a result of the optimization of the proposed
operating mode of the UAV imaging system, an analytic formula for adaptive device control has been obtained.
Recommendations have been given on the practical implementation of the proposed method.
Keywords:-adaptation, aerosol, filtration, optimization,RGB image system, UAV
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of Submission: 10 -08-2017 Date of acceptance: 19-08-2017
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. INTRODUCTION
It is common knowledge that color images of terrestrial land objects obtained via various flying
devices, including UAVs, are usually exposed to atmospheric color-searching factors. First of all, such factors
should be delivered bythe atmospheric aerosol in its various manifestations, from a fine aerosol to particles of
giant sizes reaching tens of micrometers. One of the main tasks of obtaining high-quality color images of
various ground objects is to eliminate or compensate the effect of atmospheric aerosol consisting of both color
distortion and the decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio. For example, in order to eliminate chromaticity
distortionspartially, it was suggested in [1, 2, 3] to use a noise canceling filter, and in [2] it was suggested to
achieve maximum visibility along the optical path. In [3], the combination of a “dark” channel and a local
contrast enhancement is used to remove chromaticity distortion. Other methods have been proposed [4-6], on
the base of filtering the signal and using the signal coming from the “dark” channel. At the same time, in the
known methods, the existing possibility of optimizing the operating mode of the color imaging system installed
on the aircraft for filtering undesirable color gamma at certain wavelength sections is almost not used.
Investigating the conditions for achieving optimum operation of the color imaging system would increase the
signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the color RGB imaging system in the respective wavelength bands and
thereby new opportunities are used for the further use of such systems to detect and identify remote color
objects.The article is devoted to the investigation of the possibility of the optimal RGB mode synthesis of a
color imaging onboard system, in the above sense.
II. THE PROPOSED METHOD
The distribution of radiation flows in the formation of an image of an adaptive imaging system is
shown in Fig.1.
The mathematical model of remote imaging at wavelength λ has the following form [7]using the
imaging system:
))(1()()()()(  TATfg  (1)
where: g (λ) is a noisy image.
)()()(  skysun fff  (2)
where: f (λ) is the glow of the scene being investigated or the original noiseless image; A (λ) is the
glow of the atmosphere; T (λ) is the transmission of the atmosphere.
Equation (1), f (λ) ∙ T (λ) represents the image component subjected to direct attenuation; A (λ) ∙ (1-T
(λ)) - is a component expressing air glow, i.e. the result of light scattering by an aerosol in the atmosphere.

The Problems of Constructing Optimal On board Colored Rgb Depicting Uav Systems
Figure 1.Model representation of an imaging system on the base of a UAV located in an aerosol-
contaminated atmosphere. Fsun (λ) - the glow of the Sun; Fsky (λ) is the glow of the sky, i.e. the light dispersed in
the atmosphere;  is the wavelength [7]
According to [8], the transmission T (λ) is defined as:
l
eT 
 
)( (3)
where: β is coefficient of atmospheric scattering at the wavelength of the investigated color; l is the
distance to the object.
Thus, in the classical case, the problem of eliminating the impact of aerosol is to restore f (λ) using the
data on g (λ), T (λ) and A (λ) [7]. In this article, the possibility of optimizing the process of forming RGB color
images by introducing additional constraints and restrictions on the integral values of newly introduced
dependenciesis considered.
For the adaptive control of the impact of external factors on the RGB colored side images, the
introduction of a control function for adaptive flight altitude control or the dependence of l on λ, is proposed in
the work.
)(ll  (4)
The introduction of function (4) means the transition of the system to the first proposed adaptive mode,
i.e. changing the distance to the object being investigated depending on the value of the wavelength λ RGB
component of the color image.
The mathematical model of the proposed adaptive mode of UAV operation with an RGB color imaging
systemshould be considered in detail.
The integral functional Fi,determining the signal of the i-th component of the RGB color system, to be
optimized in the adaptation mode in the continuous wavelength range 0 ÷ λmax has the following form:
  


max max
0 0
)()(
)1()()()()()(
 

 deAefdgF ll
iii
(5)
where: γ (λ)i is the stimulus function for the i-th component of the RGB chromaticity system 3,1i .
The problem of optimizing the adaptive regime of the color onboard imaging system is solved by
finding a function l (λ) at which in the above-mentioned wavelength range F1 would reach a maximum value,
which is equivalent to the optimal generation of signals of the specified range. For the accurate solution of this
problem, it is necessary to limit the class of admissible functions l (λ), the realization of which is technically
possible.
Assume that, the restriction of the class of possible adaptive control functions l (λ) is determined
according to the condition:
  
max max
0 0
0 ;)()(
 
 CdldF constC  (6)
where function F0 (λ) can be chosen from a bounded set of functions
    2,1;)();( 02010  jFFF j  (7)
F01(λ)=a1 – a2λ (8)
F02(λ)=a3 + a4λ (9)

In this case, the set of admissible functions is restricted to two functions
2
1
1 )( a
a
l 

 (10)
4
3
2 )( a
a
l 

 (11)
where: a1, a2, a3, a4 =const.
The function graphs F21 (λ) and F22 (λ) are shown in Fig. 2
Figure2.The function graphs F21 (λ) and F22 (λ)
The function graphsl 1 (λ) and l2 (λ) are shown in Fig. 3
Figure3.The function graphsl 1 (λ) and l2 (λ)
Taking into account expressions (5), (6), the complete functional of unconditional variation
optimization is formulated:
    







 
max max
0 0
)()(
)(1)()()(
 

 CdldeAefF ll
ii
(12)
where: 3,1i .
According to Euler's equation, the optimal function l (λ) should meet the condition:
    0
)(
)(1)()()( )()(

 

 
dl
leAefd ll
i
(13)
Taking into account condition (13), the followings are obtained:
0)()( )()(
 
  ll
eAef (14)
From expression (14) the followings are found out:
  0)()()(


fAe l
(15)
λ
l1(λ)
l2(λ)
l1(λ)
l2(λ)
a2
a4
0
F01(λ)
F02(λ)
λmaxλ














)()(
ln
1
)(
Af
l (16)
Taking into account expressions (6) and (16), the followings are obtained:
 






max
0
)()(
ln






Cd
Af (17)
  0
0
2
maxmax
ln)()(ln2
22
exp
max













  dAf
CB (18)
Taking into account expressions (16) and (18), the following equation can be obtained













0
)()(
ln
1
)(
Af
l opt
(19)
Thus, when the condition (19) is implemented, the functional (12) reaches an extremal value.
In order to determine the type of the extremum, it is sufficient to calculate the second derivative
integral in expression (12) and the followings should be verified:
)()(  fA  (20)
The functional F2 reaches the minimum, and when
)()(  fA  (21)
it reaches the maximum. However, as it can be seen from the expression (18), the Lagrange multiplier cannot be
negative. Consequently, according to (19) inequality (21) is not satisfied, the inequality (20) showing the target
functional (12) reaching its maximum valueis true.
Thus, the optimization and synthesis of the optimal RGB mode of the imaging system allows to
generate the optimal signals R, G and B of the chrominance component in the following form:
  


max
0
)()(
1)()()()(


 deAefRF optopt ll
R
  


max
0
)()(
1)()()()(


 deAefGF optopt ll
G
  


max
0
)()(
1)()()()(


 deAefBF optopt ll
B
where: γR (λ), γG (λ), γB (λ) is the stimulus function of the color image components.
III.CONCLUSIONS
Thus, the proposed method for optimizing the adaptive control of the process of forming RGB color
images under the impact of an aerosol allows to achieve the maximum value of chrominance components in a
continuous wavelength range. The technical realization of the optimal mode concludes in the mode of UAV
lifting or descent in the measurement of R, G, B components of a separate image of a ground object in the
further synthesis of a colored object by applying colors.
In conclusion, the main conclusions and provisions of the research are formulated as follows:
1. The problem of optimization and synthesis of RGB signal components of an onboard color imaging system is
formulated by realizing the adaptive mode of onboard imaging systems.
2. An adaptive UAV mode with an imaging system on board is proposed, which concludes in adaptive
measurement of flight altitude, depending on the color component of the color image being formed.
3. As a result of optimization of the proposed operating mode of the UAV imaging system, an analytic formula
for adaptive device control is obtained.

REFERENCES
[1]. Xie B., Guo F., Cai Z. Universal strategy for surveillance video defogging. Optical Engineering.
2012, 51, 1-7.
[2]. Mehtiyev A.S., Asadov K.G., Bekirova L.R. Evaluation of the impact of atmospheric aerosol on
Chroma reproduction in remote colorimetric. Journal “Investigation of the Earth from Space” // M.,
№6, 2012, p.3. -7
[3]. Bekirova L.R. Problems of minimization of atmospheric aerosol variability impact on informative
satellite multispectral images. Journal of Information Technologies // Moscow. Publishing house
“New Technologies” №8, 2013, p. 64-66
[4]. Gao R., Fan X., Zhang J., Luo Z. Haze filtering with aerial perspective. In Proceedings of the IEEE
International Conference on Image Processing, Orland, FL, USA, September 30, 2012, pp. 989-992.
[5]. Kil T., Lee S., Cho N. A dehazing algorithm using dark channel prior and contrast enhancement. In
Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing,
Vancouver, BC, Canada, 26-31 May 2013; Pp. 2448-2487.
[6]. Yeh C., Kang L., Lee M., Lin C. Haze effect removal from image through haze density estimation
in the optical model. Opt. Express 2013, 21, 27127-27141.
[7]. He R., Wang Z., Fan Y., Feng D. Multiple scattering model based image dehazing. In Proceedings
of the IEEE International Conference on Applications, Melbourne, Australia, 19-21 June 2013;
Pp.733-737.
[8]. Shi Z., Long J., Tang W., Zhang C. Single image dehazing in inhomogeneous atmosphere. Opt. Int.
J. Light Electron Opt. 2014.15, 3868-3875.
[9]. Yoon I., Jeong S., Jeong J., Seo D., Paik J. Wavelength adaptive deharing using histogram merging
based classification for UAV images. Sensors, 2015, 15, pp. 6633-6651.
[10]. Tan R. Visibility in bad weather from a single image. In Proceedings of the IEEE International
Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Anchorage, AK, USA, 24-26 June 2008;
Pp.1-8.
*Lala Rustam Bekirova. “The Problems of Constructing Optimal Onboard Colored RGB
Depicting UAV Systems.” International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science
(IRJES), vol. 06, no. 08, 2017, pp. 33–37.

The Problems of Constructing Optimal Onboard Colored RGB Depicting UAV Systems

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to The Problems of Constructing Optimal Onboard Colored RGB Depicting UAV Systems (9)

More from IRJESJOURNAL (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

The Problems of Constructing Optimal Onboard Colored RGB Depicting UAV Systems