Part 1- Introduction to Electronics.pdf
- 1. { Introduction to Electronics Numbers / Scale / Units Tom Thoen – Teacher / Student / Hobbyist / Inventor
- 2. What does “Electronics” Mean? When you hear this word, what do you think of???
- 3. e·lec·tron·ics noun 1.the branch of physics and technology concerned with the design of circuits using transistors and microchips, and with the behavior and movement of electrons in a semiconductor, conductor, vacuum, or gas.
- 4. Few “things” affect our live as much as electronics do….list as many devices you own or use that are electronic… Why is it important to understand electronics???
- 5. Impacts on Society What would our world be like without electronics or electricity?
- 6. Jobs in electronics Electronic Assemblers Fabrication and Assembly Electronic Technicians Repair / Troubleshooting Technologists Routine Design / CAD / Manufacturing support
- 7. Jobs in electronics Electronic Engineers System Design / Analysis Also there are “makers”
- 8. • Even though physics based, we won’t be spending much time on physics. • However, basic math is critical to understanding circuits. This class is a survey class: Many topics are covered over a short period of time
- 9. • Numbers – fairly obvious. • Scale – size of numbers. • Units – standard quantity of values. To understand electronics we need to work with Numbers, Scale and Units –
- 10. • Age – 1 to 90ish • Money in your wallet - $0 to $50 • Temperature in California, 35°F to 120°F Scale or magnitude determines the range of numbers - Example of small scales…
- 11. • Number of people on the planet: • 7.1 Billion = 7,700,000,000 People* • The U.S. national debt: • $23.3 Trillion = 23,300,000,000 • Power consumed by the U.S. • 4,686,400,000 MW h/y = 4,686,400,000,000,000 Watt hours / year Scale or magnitude - Large values… https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ https://www.usdebtclock.org/
- 12. • Thickness of a pencil lead • 0.5mm = ~0.02 inches • Thickness of a piece of paper • .1mm = ~0.0039 inches • Weight of an ant • 1 – 5mg = ~.0000022 Pounds (2.2 x 10-6 Pounds) • Time it takes for light to travel one mile • .000005368 seconds 5.368 microseconds (5.368 x 10-6 seconds) - Large scales of Small values…
- 13. • From the previous examples: • Quantity Units • 0.02 inches • 1 – 5 milligrams (mg) • .0000022 Pounds • 5.368 microseconds Units are the basis of the scale we are measuring. “A quantity chosen as a standard in terms of which other quantities may be expressed.”
- 14. • Common electronic units: • Units Abbreviation • Volts V • Ohms Ω • Amps A • Farads F • Henries H - Units continued In Electronics we use specific units often based on the names of the individuals who discovered or researched each phenomenon:
- 15. • Electronics measurements are often very small or very large, and we need to write these numbers in a way that makes sense. Why do we care???
- 16. • Each “exponent” increases the value by a factor of 10 • The weird one is 0… • 100 = 1 • 101 = 10 • 102 = 100 • 103 = 1000 • So, instead of writing 3,000 we can write this number as 3 x 103 Scientific Notation / Powers of 10 or “orders of magnitude” use exponents to express numbers in a more compact method, reducing errors and making it easier to perform calculations
- 17. • We can also use exponents to represent any decimal values… • 3,250 = 3.25 x 103 • 1,445,000 = 1.445 x 106 • Note that with positive exponents we always move the decimal point of the original number to the left. Powers of 10 cont’d…
- 18. • How about small numbers?? • 10-1 = .1 • 10-2 = .01 • 10-3 = .001 • Example: 0.450 = 450 x 10-3 • 0.003 = 3 x 10-3 • 0.000027 = 27 x 10-6 • Note that with negative exponents we always move the decimal point of the original number to the right. Powers of 10 cont’d…
- 19. In engineering we tend to use exponents in powers of 3, along with specific prefixes – we will discuss this more later, but… Engineering Units A basic example: 1000 = 1 x 103 But, instead of writing the exponent with a ‘3’ we can instead use the letter “k” which stands for kilo, or 1000. So, we can write this as: 1K
- 20. • In electronics we are usually not concerned with accuracy of more than 1-2%. Why? Most electronic components have a tolerance greater than this value. Also, the measurement tools may not be that accurate • Accuracy: the degree to which the result of a measurement, calculation, or specification conforms to the correct value or a standard. • Usually represented in % or +/- % • Repeatability… How close in value measurements occur – we want to be able to repeat the same experiment with the same results… • Repeatability: the variation in measurements taken by a single person or instrument on the same item, under the same conditions, and in a short period of time. Accuracy…
- 21. Ideal values are the “perfect” value given for a circuit. For example, if a battery is listed as a 9 volt battery, it means it’s value is 9.000000000 volts. Not realistic, but used to determine the theoretical value. Significant figures are used to represent the reasonable representation of a calculation. With ideal values, there would be an limited number of significant figures. For example, 32.7 volts In the real world, we are limited by the accuracy of the measurement, so we limit the number of significant figures. Ideal Values and Significant figures…