Internet addiction detection test kit
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1) Kimberly Young began researching internet addiction in the 1990s when the term was first being used to describe those who spent large amounts of time online. 2) Studies in the late 1990s and 2000s linked the protein Delta FosB to addiction, finding it accumulated in the brain's reward system in response to both drugs and naturally rewarding behaviors like sex, gambling, and internet use. 3) The current method used to detect Delta FosB levels is the Western blot technique, but it has limitations including a high failure rate and inability to be used directly on living humans for treatment or prevention purposes.
![In the nucleus accumbens, ΔFosB
functions as a "molecular switch" and
"master control protein" in the development
of an addiction;[5][16][17]
in other words, once
"turned on" (sufficiently overexpressed)
ΔFosB triggers a series of transcription
events that ultimately result in addictive
behavior
A medical review from late 2014 argued
that accumbal ΔFosB expression can be
used as an addiction biomarker and
that the degree of accumbal ΔFosB
induction by a drug is a metric for how
addictive it is relative to others](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/internetaddictiondetectiontestkit-150318020126-conversion-gate01/85/Internet-addiction-detection-test-kit-5-320.jpg)
Internet addiction detection test kit
- 1. INTERNET ADDICTION DETECTION TEST KIT: IS IT ALREADY SCIENTIFICALLY FEASIBLE? Milen Santiago Ramos MA, MSc, PhD Clinical Psychology Neuroscience Criminology PSYCHSERV,INC
- 2. A little bit of history Kimberly Young's interest in Internet addiction started when the Internet was proliferating in the 1990s. At that time, many people in mainstream media were beginning to coin the phrase 'online addicts' for those who spent large amounts of time on the Internet. In 1994 Young devised a questionnaire for Internet users to see what their online behaviours had in common with the actions of compulsive gamblers and alcoholics. Her Caught in the Net by John Wiley & Sons was published in 1998 September 1999 scientists at the Yale School of Medicine were able to isolate the long-lived protein, called Delta-FosB, and show that it triggered addiction when released to a specific area of the brains of genetically engineered mice, culprit of abuse being cocaine. Donald L. Hilton, Jr and Clark Watts in 2011 had a discourse on the different types of behavioral addiction like eating/obesity. sex/porgnography, gambling and other natural addictions like internet addictions and tried to discuss it from the neuroscience perspective, that the phenomenon of hypofrontality and accumulation of delta FosB in the nucleus accumbens and other striatal salience centers are something which cannot be ignored in this addiction cases This year 2014, DSM-5, the American classification of psychiatric disorder recognized the internet gaming disorder as a form of behavioral addiction
- 3. Delta fosb FOSB or FosB is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FOSB gene The FOS gene family consists of 4 members: FOS, FOSB, FOSL1, and FOSL2 the FOS proteins have been implicated as regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. FosB has truncated splice variants ΔFosB and (further truncated) Δ2ΔFosB
- 4. The ΔFosB splice variant has been identified as playing a central, crucial ( necessary and sufficient role in the development of many forms of behavioral plasticity and neuroplasticity involved in both behavioral addictions (associated with natural rewards) and drug addictions The ΔFosB splice variant has been identified as playing a central, crucial ( necessary and sufficient role in the development of many forms of behavioral plasticity and neuroplasticity involved in both behavioral addictions (associated with natural rewards) and drug addictions
- 5. In the nucleus accumbens, ΔFosB functions as a "molecular switch" and "master control protein" in the development of an addiction;[5][16][17] in other words, once "turned on" (sufficiently overexpressed) ΔFosB triggers a series of transcription events that ultimately result in addictive behavior A medical review from late 2014 argued that accumbal ΔFosB expression can be used as an addiction biomarker and that the degree of accumbal ΔFosB induction by a drug is a metric for how addictive it is relative to others
- 6. current recent assay used WESTERN BLOT One of the most powerful methods for detecting a particular protein in a complex mixture combines the superior resolving power of gel electrophoresis, the specificity of antibodies, and the sensitivity of enzyme assays. Called Western blotting, or immunoblotting, this three- step procedure is commonly used to separate proteins and then identify a specific protein of interest http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21589/figure/A651/?report=objectonly
- 8. Fi ane is washed to remove unbound Ab 1 . (c) In the development step, the membrane first is incubated with a second antibody (Ab 2 ) that binds to the bound Ab 1 . This second antibody is covalently linked to alkaline phosphatase, which catalyzes a chromog POSSIBLE PROBLEMS IN INTERNET ADDICTION DETECTION 1) ANIMAL STUDIES/ POST MORTEM STUDIES The challenge is its application in live humans for treatment and prevention purposes 2) PROBLEMS IN WESTERN BLOTS Did you know that 41 percent of researchers say their Western blots fail at least 25 percent of the time?
- 9. Western Blot Applications for Medical Diagnosis HIV infection Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (also known as "mad cow disease“ Hepatitis B infection Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2
- 10. Thank you for listening