Writing Assignment Week 6
- 1. Welsh1 Marie Welsh is a fulltime freshman at Bay Path University, currently a Liberal Studies major. While pursuing her Bachelor’s degree, she strives to make the Dean’s List. Marie plans to graduate in the fall of 2018. For the past 18 years, she has diligently worked in the home as a fulltime mom raising her, now 18 year old, daughter. As she continues down her academic path, she hopes to discover her passions and to apply them in the near future, as she re-enters the workforce. Marie enjoys the outdoors, a good movie, quiet moments, and spending time with family and friends.
- 2. Welsh2 Marie Welsh Dr. Rachel Jessica Daniel ENG 124 March 5, 2016 How Can We Teach Our Young Girls to Love Themselves Research Proposal Target Audience for Final Article: Parents, families, guardians, teachers, adolescent girls, school nurses, counselors. Background of Topic From the moment we are old enough to comprehend the definition of body image, females have already begun to obsess over how they should look, what size they should be, what a “perfect” body should be portrayed as. As we reach the very impressionable adolescent years, our focuses shift from the importance of health and nutrition for our bodies to a dissatisfaction of what thinness means to us. Females internalize this idea and compare their own bodies against it, which often leads to body dissatisfaction and a drive for thinness if or when they fail to meet this unrealistic standard (Meier, Gray 199). One way for young girls to be successful with their health and body image would be education starting in the home. “It is the responsibility of parents not only to ensure that their children are eating nutritiously, but also that they are physically active and healthy” (Cahill 2). This concept has gained notoriety recently with Michelle Obama’s, “Let’s Move!” campaign. Conceptual Approach This article will explore the question: what is the appropriate development to educate young girls on health, nutrition, and an over-all positive body image for an outcome of loving themselves? With the use of logos, my research will be done with the use of internet databases, libraries, pediatric studies, and health magazines to determine the best way to educate young girls, as they approach adolescence, to have higher self-esteem. Additionally, my findings will show the positive and negative effects of social media communicating their ideals to their female audience. Giving examples of my personal experiences, and raising a teenage daughter, I will convey the message of pathos. Finally, with the use of ethos, I will express the importance of the topic with honesty and integrity. Anticipated Research Findings I anticipate finding information on the most effective ways in assisting our young girls to form more confident and caring views of themselves. I expect to find a significant amount of educational materials that would foster better self-esteem to young girls. Additionally, studies will show that an encouraging support system will generate a healthy outcome. Article Length: 10 pages minimum Format: APA Format and Documentation Style Photos: 3-5 photos to illustrate the topic and issue Delivery Date: April 9, 2016
- 3. Welsh3 Works Cited Cahill, Kelly. “Child Obesity Remedy Requires Parenting, Not Public Service Ads.” University Wire Mar 02. 2016. ProQuest, Web 5 Mar. 2016. Meier, Evelyn P. and Gray, James. CyberPsychology, Behavior & Social Networking. Apr2014, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p199-206. 8p.
- 4. Welsh4 Positive Body Image: Paving the Way for Young Girls to Self-Love Marie Welsh ENG 124 Dr. Rachel Daniel April 9, 2016
- 5. Welsh5 Abstract In order for young girls to make a healthy transition into adulthood successfully, with a positive self-esteem, body-image and an overall love of oneself, there are many steps that can be taken to pave this path. First, it starts in the home. It is essential for parents to take the time to learn and understand how the importance of their children’s healthy eating habits, along with an active lifestyle does significantly impact their journey, throughout the stages to adulthood. With the right tools given, during the childhood years, these healthy behaviors will grow. As a result, with these encouraging implements, young girls will obtain the proper guidance while paving the way onto their adolescent years. Thus, helping them thrive in their peer settings with a more affirmative attitude about themselves. Ultimately, developing into strong, young women who will have been well-educated and cultivated to love themselves.
- 6. Welsh6 “I keep telling myself that I am a human being that is not made to look like a doll, and that who I am as a person is more important than whether at that moment I have a nice figure. It makes me sad to hear girls constantly putting themselves down. We have these unbelievably high expectations of ourselves, when actually we’re human beings and our bodies have a function” (Wenn, Glamour 2012). Decade after decade, body image has become topic of conversation around the family dinner table for many families with growing teens, predominately families with teen girls. By the time our young girls are in the fourth grade, they have started to develop their own self-body image. Many times, this vision of themselves is much distorted, which begins the self- declining mind set of a positive body image and self-esteem. Disturbingly, our young girls are thinking about diets by the age of nine. From newspapers to magazines, television to social media, teenage girls have begun the negative, distorted comparison of themselves to their peers. “Often, they will fall victim to a variety of unhealthy behaviors and may become more susceptible to peer pressure, while others remain more self-centered. Furthermore, the desire to raise social status and impress peers leads many teenagers down a path of self- destruction” (Golan & Tamir, 2013). The period of time, in all of our lives, from childhood, to adolescents to adulthood happens so rapidly that these biological, cognitive, and social changes can be traumatic and wreak havoc on a young girls (and boys) self-esteem. According to a new study by researchers at Bradley Hospital, Butler Hospital and Brown Medical School, adolescents with negative body image concerns are more likely to be depressed, anxious, and suicidal than those without intense dissatisfaction over their appearance, even when Photo Courtesy of http://www.modaperprincipianti.co m/corsi/re 1
- 7. Welsh7 compared to adolescents with other psychiatric illnesses. The study found the prevalence and clinical correlates of body image concerns including eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), and other clinically significant concerns over shape/weight in adolescent inpatients (Lifespan, 2006). Lead author, Jennifer Dyl, PhD, with Bradley Hospital and Brown Medical School says, “These findings underscore just how central feeling about one’s appearance tend to be in the world of teenagers and how impairing these concerns can be” (Lifespan, 2006). Severe body image disturbances among adolescents are likely to be under-recognized and under-treated, and may be related to other forms of psychological distress (including depression and suicidality). Since many adults presenting in psychiatric settings often report that preoccupation with their appearance first began in adolescence, it is all the more important to recognize and begin to treat BDD and other body image concerns in the teenage years, to prevent the problem from becoming a more chronic condition (Lifespan, 2006). In order for young girls to make a healthy transition into adulthood successfully, with a positive self-esteem, body-image and an overall love of oneself, there are many steps that can be taken to pave this path. First, it starts in the home. It is essential for parents to take the time to learn and understand how the importance of their children’s healthy eating habits, along with an active lifestyle does significantly impact their journey, throughout the stages to adulthood. With the right tools given, during the childhood years, these healthy behaviors will grow. As a result, with these encouraging implements, young girls will obtain the proper guidance while paving the way onto their adolescent years. Thus, helping them thrive in their peer settings with a more affirmative attitude about themselves. Ultimately, developing into strong, young women who will have been well-educated and cultivated to love themselves.
- 8. Welsh8 One of the very first thoughts that numerous parents have, when bringing their children into the world, is many of us want nothing but the best for our precious new-born babies. Thus, the parenting begins. Innately, these new, and possibly inexperienced, parents start nurturing, caring, and loving these beautiful, yet innocent, vulnerable little creatures. Child rearing is a gradual process. Families spend each and every day together. However, during their growing years, parents become unintentionally complacent. Other responsibilities, stresses, struggles begin to manifest themselves and become part of our everyday lives. Loving parents tend to think that any behavioral changes with their children would be completely transparent, such as a lack of self-confidence, negative self-image, and even the possibility of the beginning stages of eating disorders. Nevertheless, that is not always the case. There tends to be a societal stigma that children that come from loving, caring homes will not struggle with identity issues. Yet, it doesn’t matter the background from which they come. Children enter their adolescent years; puberty is in high gear. As a result, physical, emotional, and mental changes begin to drastically take place. So, how can parents prevent negative body- image and self-esteem for their children, predominately young girls, as they enter the adolescent years? It is important to recognize the influences that contribute towards the decrease in positive self-esteem, self-body image, and lack of love for oneself. It begins in the home. A study that was conducted by Kaiser Family Foundation states, “Every year children between the ages of 3 and 7 see about 4400 food ads, kids aged 8 to 12 view a whopping 7600 ads, and teens aged 13 to 17 see 6000 ads” (Cahill, 2016). Many of these unhealthy advertisements are comprised of candy, greasy fast-food eateries, soda, and unhealthy snacks. Because of the amount of television that kids watch today, it has turned out to be part of the contributing factors of one acting like a “couch potato.” Exercise has become less of a priority. Healthy nutrition plans are not followed.
- 9. Welsh9 If it doesn’t start in the home, at an early age, it becomes difficult for young children to adapt to a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, a healthy lifestyle is difficult to embrace when entering adolescent years. Agencies and groups like the Federal Communications Commission, the Center for Science in the Public Interest, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and other medical and child advocacy groups have been asking for some kind of regulation of advertisements that aim to sell food high in calories, fat, sugar and salt to kids (Cahill, 2016). The government has yet to impose any such regulations, but the National Advertising Review Council, an organization that advances self-regulation among advertisers, began its Children’s Food and Beverage Initiative (Cahill, 2016). “If we could turn off the televisions altogether, maybe there would be a chance to eradicate child obesity. Because children are not willing to turn their favorite TV shows off, it begins with the parents. It is the responsibility of parents not only to ensure that their children are eating nutritiously, but also that they are physically active and healthy. To expect or require food producers to cut back on their marketing implies that neither parents nor children have the desire or ability to think independently of advertisements. Though younger kids may not have the analytical skills necessary to see through advertisers’ marketing schemes, parents certainly should. And since parents control the finances, it’s as simple as not buying foods like ice cream or “treating” the kids to McDonalds” (Cahill, 2016). Today, my daughter is 18 years old. When she was a child, it was always a conscious thought, and with great determination, to introduce her to a healthy eating lifestyle. With the hope of early cultivation, this would give her the ability to make future healthy food choices.
- 10. Welsh10 With the right tools instilled young, these values would, hopefully, pave the way for her to make the right choices for herself as she entered adolescents. Throughout her younger years, when dining in restaurants, we did not give her the freedoms to order unhealthy, high caloric and fat food choices that were offered on children’s menus. Coming from a background of many obese relatives, there was much criticism received from many family members and friends who did not support me while trying to instill these values in her. Genetically, we are predisposed to what our body makeup may possibly be. However, this does not mean that if our family members are obese that we have to be, nor our children. Even though healthy eating habits should start in the home, restaurants can also make a modifications and influence healthy food choices to children. Why has it become acceptable to give children foods such as hotdogs, macaroni and cheese, pizza, chicken fingers and fries and market them as a “healthy” choice? On the contrary, there are many segments on a menu that offer attractive calorie-conscious, healthy alternatives for those who so choose to partake. Why can’t menus for children be attractive, along with healthy nutritious choices? If we are going to teach children healthy values while they are young, we need to remove the food selections from their menus that are high in calories, high in fat and sugar content and offer healthy, nutritious alternatives. Photo Courtesy of https://sp.yimg.com/xj/th?id=OIP.M2ec6e81a91653330fec de5deb049b78fH0&pid=120&=160.jpg
- 11. Welsh11 Adolescence is a critical life stage for the development of self-confidence. Since puberty, by its very nature, it is associated with weight gain, adolescents frequently experience dissatisfaction with their changing bodies. In a culture that glorifies thinness, some adolescents, mostly girls, become excessively preoccupied with their physical appearance and begin to diet obsessively in an effort to achieve or maintain a thin body. Sociocultural agents, such as peers, parents, and the media are also hypothesized to contribute to lower self-esteem and development of eating disordered attitudes and behaviors (Golan, Hagay, & Tamir, 2013). Children learn by the actions of their parents. We are their heroes, their mentors, their protectors, their advocates. With the greatest objectives, parents and society need to ban together. Developing a positive body image during a person’s younger years will help to support a smoother transition into their adolescent years. Research findings of Golan, Hagay, & Tamir (2013) show that low self-esteem and negative body image have been reported as the most important factors for risk-taking behavior. Teenagers with low self-esteem often fall victim to a variety of unhealthy behaviors and may become more susceptible to peer pressure, while others may remain more self-centered. Furthermore, the desire to raise social status and impress peers leads many teenagers down a path of self-destruction. Sadly, during the very impressionable teenage years, body image decreases significantly predominately in young girls; conversely, the rise in eating disorders are a direct result. The media greatly impacts the effects of body image. “Studies suggest that the media may be the most powerful factor and it exerts more pressure on adolescent girls compared to boys. The potential negative impact of media exposure on body image has garnered extensive research in past decades” (Meier and Gray, 2014). Experimental and correlational research consistently find
- 12. Welsh12 a link between exposure to thin ideal content in TV and magazines, decreased body satisfaction, and eating disordered behavior in adolescent females (Meier and Gray, 2014). Because the media idealizes thinness, girls continue to internalize this impression and begin to compare themselves to their peers. Thus, begins the judgements of self-body shame and the development of eating disorders initiate. During the very early child-raising years of my now late teen daughter, the shame that she felt, placed upon by herself and peer-pressure, of not being able to fit into a particular size of a pair of jeans was so frightening to me. Since when did the size double zero, zero, two, or four become lifelike or even realistic? Dating back decades, this very current, but unrealistic, and unattainable size was not even a factor. Many popular clothing companies promote such ludicrous sizes and market them as an average size. These ubiquitous influences created by major fashion companies are also a contributing factor to young girls wanting to self-mutilate because of their yearning to “fit in” amongst their peers and to be a size that’s not realistic. To have been a witness of many growing young teen girls crying in dressing rooms, desperately yearning to look a certain way because they could not wear a particular size was quite disturbing. The increased activity of Facebook and young girls has become another damaging contributing factor to negative body-image. Studies have shown that the rise in adolescent Internet use may in part be driven by the rapidly increasing popularity of social networking sites (SNS) such as Facebook (FB). SNS use is now the most popular computer activity for 8 to 18 year olds. The University of Haifa reported a positive correlation between girls’ use of FB and increased body dissatisfaction, urge to diet, negative approach to eating and bulimic and anorexic symptomatology (Meier & Gray, 2014). If our girls go off to college with low self-esteem, is it too late for them to develop self-love? The answer is NO. It is never too late.
- 13. Welsh13 The good news is that there are many programs available to young girls, and boys alike, of all ages, today that can encourage them to be more active and assist them to a healthy eating lifestyle. In the Let’s Move! Campaign, created by First Lady, Michelle Obama, she states, “In launching Let’s Move!, we took what felt like an insurmountable problem and gave folks a sense of optimism and hope that we could solve it. And now, thanks to new (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) data, we’re actually seeing a decline in childhood obesity rates, so we know we’re on the right track. I think that one reason why we’re seeing change happening is that we helped people understand that everyone has a role to play in helping our kids lead healthier lives, and we’ve encouraged everyone to do their part to help. The media industry and food companies are shifting the way they market to children” (Tucker, 2013). In 2012, Disney made an unprecedented commitment to ensure that unhealthy products aren’t marketed to kids through their characters or on any of their channels or movies, (Tucker, 2013). They are known as one of the most influential companies for our young children. We need to make sure that other organizations are as equally positively impactful for adolescent teen girls. Recognizing that our daughters may have a low self-esteem is the first step in helping them. The best way to talk to your teen daughter about their weight is not discuss it. Let them know that you love them no matter what size or shape they are. Tell them how much you appreciate them. Listen to who she is, what things she is curious about, cultivate the things that she is interested in. Help her to figure out what excites her. Encourage her to be more active, to Photo Courtesy of http://static01.nyt.com/images/201 3/10/01/nyregion/GIRLS-02/GIRLS- 02-blog427.jpg
- 14. Welsh14 focus on wellness behaviors; help them to understand that fitness and sports can improve their self-esteem. During the 1990’s athletics has become the center of many girls culture. Sports programs for girls have helped to mold the positive empowerment of what it means for girls to be strong, fit, athletic, and feminine. The Journal of Sport & Social Issues states, “The newly acceptable focus on the physically strong and self-determined female body associated with the recent rise in women’s sports gives sport a unique and prominent place within Girl Culture. Unlike their pop music and teen television counterparts, renounced as exemplary figures of the glamorization of adolescent sexuality and for being more shallow commercial hype than substance, Girl Culture’s physically powerful, athletic icons are celebrated as desirable role models” (Geissler, 2001). The Journal of Sport & Social Issues reports that today’s mature, muscular, and confident women’s sports stars are said to portray a “healthier” female embodiment. Their success is seen as authoring a desirable brand of Girl Power! that provides inspiration and encouragement for women and girls to participate in sports and helps build self-esteem and a healthy body image. “Today’s girls have the strength, authority, and opportunity to be self-made” (Geissler, 2001). In addition to organized sports, there are many dance programs for the adolescent girls that are more artistically athletic vs. their counterpart of organized athletics. To help combat negative self-esteem issues, unrealistic body expectations, and lack of love in oneself for young girls, an unconventional magazine called Darling Magazine was launched. The magazine was an effort to inspire young girls and women to appreciate themselves and learn to identify with who they are and to appreciate the person they have become. Public relations coordinator, Kyle Wood, for the magazine explains that Darling Magazine’s website is organized through categories such as dreamer, beautician and intellectual sections that feature articles on topics
- 15. Welsh15 including steps in self-love, travel philosophies, dessert recipes and interior design. Photographs of women in the magazine are not retouched (Hassanein, 2015). Wood comments, “So often today women are bombarded with images, messages, ideas that they need to buy a certain thing, look a certain way, do a certain act to be considered beautiful. We wanted to create a magazine that provided women with contents that carried more substance—something that encourages and uplifts women, instead of making them feel like they are constantly inadequate (Hassanein, 2015). Along with Darling Magazine’s unconventional approach to self-love, a new dance program such as SEEEDS (Self-Esteem, Expression, Empowerment, and Education through Dance) was established in Santa Fe, New Mexico for teenage girls. SEEEDS offers two-week workshops. Once a student has fully participated in the workshops, they then have the opportunity to decide if they want to enter their yearlong program. SEEEDS is designed to be more than a dance class. The goal is to help young women blossom through their confusing adolescent years when self-esteem, body image, and health are susceptible to negative societal influences. It’s a time when they’re at risk for pregnancy, drug and alcohol abuse, and for dropping out of school (Samuels, 2006). Programs such as this are positive alternatives for young girls to have a place to go and feel safe. It’s also an opportunity to express themselves, without judgment of peers. With the proper guidance and “nourishment” young girls can start to feel better about themselves and their bodies. Organized programs, such as SEEEDS, guide girls into developing discipline and strength, and support for one another. Rather than competing with one another, they are taught important life lessons. They honor girls of all shapes, sizes, and racial backgrounds. By promoting femininity, self-esteem matters become much easier for girls to grasp.
- 16. Welsh16 Many young girls are not afforded luxuries such as dance programs, organized sports, and access to magazine subscriptions. How can we guide and nurture these young girls as well? Can the Internet be a successful tool for young girls of lesser privileges? What kind of programs are offered for young teens during the middle school to high school years? How can these girls be encouraged to utilize social media in a positive way, rather than in the negative forms in which they have become accustomed to on a daily basis among their peers? Technology has expanded greatly in the way of communication among teenagers. It has become a cultural norm for kids today. Unfortunately, not all teens receive the love and support that is needed from the home. Because most teens have access to social media, creating positive social media programs for them will significantly impact them in a very progressive and inspiring way. Implementing these programs into the environment in which they spend most of their time will likewise confidently impact students’ individual academic performances. Internet-based program, such as My Body, My Life: Body Image Program, is one of the many computer-based programs offered to adolescent teens. The goal of the programs is to set out to help improve body image and disordered eating. During the study conducted by My Body, My Life, it consisted of a guided self-help manual supported through six internet-based group sessions. The weekly group sessions included 4-8 participants, lasted 90 minutes and were facilitated by a trained therapist. Girls completed self-help activities in preparation for group internet sessions, during which they discussed their concerns and learned strategies to improve their eating behaviors and enhance their body image. Sessions were delivered through a secure online chat room and message boards. The outcome of the study showed that there was a discovered improvement on the concerns about body shape and disordered eating (Paxton, 2008).
- 17. Welsh17 Health promotion programs such as In Favor of Myself is an interactive and universal program. The program is offered to mixed genders and it aims to promote development of a healthy self-image and body image among adolescents to prevent later symptoms of hazardous behaviors (including eating problems). In contrast to other programs, its objectives are the enhancement of global issues such as promoting self-care, stronger ‘self’ and better immunization to harmful external influences (rather than focusing on preventing eating disorders). It is a multi-component program with multiple target areas, including positive self- esteem, communication, media literacy and dissonance health education, to promote a positive attitude towards growing up sense of self-esteem, body image, and communication among adolescents (Golan & Tamir, 2013). A study that was conducted on the program concluded that In Favor of Myself showed promising results for strengthening adolescents’ ability to cope with the challenges of their life (Golan & Tamir, 2013). Our goal, as parents is to raise happy, healthy children to become confident, self-loving adults. How do we accomplish this? With all the information that is provided, internet-based programs offered, studies that are being conducted, and national platforms that have been created, not only does the education start in the home, but it starts with the number one way, which is loving ourselves. “If, as parents, we are not taking care of ourselves, but are taking care of everyone and everything else, we are teaching our children that love comes from the outside and/or only comes through “doing” for others. This is how we raise our children to be people-pleasers, or we raise children Photo Courtesy of M. Welsh
- 18. Welsh18 with an unbalanced sense of entitlement” (Campbell, 2014). If our parents did not show us self- love, then we owe it to our children to start now. Self-loving does not insinuate conceit, nor does it mean self-entitlement. Dr. Sherrie Campbell, PhD, eloquently points out, “Modeling Self-love means that we, as their adult parents, live our lives first. We take care of our time, we are responsible, organized, healthy and passionate about who we are in the world; we work hard and we make quality time for our friends, family and children. If we are doing any less than this but demanding all of these traits in our children, we will not see them manifesting in our children. Children watch. Children do what we DO, and do very little of what we SAY” (Campbell, 2014). In conclusion, it is important for parents to understand the impact that they can make on their growing young girls as this learning process starts in the home. Ensuring young girls with parental love and guidance offers young teens a healthy transition from their early years into the adolescent years. By the time young children have entered the adolescent years, with the proper guidance, they can evolve into their peer settings with a more positive attitude about themselves. Ultimately, ending up to be young women who will have been well-educated and nurtured into loving themselves. When we are passengers on an airplane, we are asked to give our undivided attention to the flight attendants so they can provide us with the safety rules for our upcoming flight. One of the things that we, as passengers, are instructed to do is to put the oxygen masks on ourselves before we put it on any parties near us. This same analogy applies to parenting. If we don’t love ourselves first, how can we expect our children to learn self-love?
- 19. Welsh19 If we perform such tasks as healthy meals, exercise, importance of prioritizing, showing our children that we, as their parents, are passionate about living a healthy life, we are completely demonstrating to them that they have self-worth and that they are worthy to self-love. What greater gift can we give them? Give them the gift of loving yourself. The gift of self- confidence. Talk to your children. Listen to them. Encourage them to become the best young women that they can be. They did not ask to be brought into this world. However, our children do deserve to be loved unconditionally, to be nurtured, and affectionately guided through all the difficult stages of their lives.
- 20. Welsh20 References Cahill, Kelly. “Child Obesity Remedy Requires Parenting, Not Public Service Ads.” University Wire Mar 02. 2016. ProQuest, Web 5 Mar. 2016. Campbell, S., PhD. (2014, January 21). The Trick to Raising Kids Who Love Themselves. Retrieved March 15, 2016, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sherrie-campbell- phd/the-trick-to-raising-kids-who-love-themselves_b_4606161.html Geissler, D. (2001). GENERATION "G". Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 25(3), 324-331. Golan, M., Hagay, N., & Tamir, S. (2013). The Effect of “In Favor of Myself”: Preventive Program to Enhance Positive Self and Body Image among Adolescents. Plos ONE, 8(11), 1-9. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078223 Hassanein, Nada. "'Darling Magazine' Offers Realistic Beauty Standards for Women." University WireFeb 11 2015. ProQuest. Web. 10 Mar. 2016. Lifespan. (2006, June 6). Negative Body Image Related To Depression, Anxiety And Suicidality. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 5, 2016 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/06/060606224541.htm Meier, Evelyn P. and Gray, James. CyberPsychology, Behavior & Social Networking. Apr2014, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p199-206. 8p. Paxton, S. J. (2008). The internet-based My Body, My Life: Body Image Program for adolescent girls improves body image and disordered eating. Evidence Based Mental Health, 11(1), 23. Samuels, S. (2006). SEEEDing Self Esteem. Dance Magazine, 80(6), 73-74.
- 21. Welsh21 Tucker, C. (2013, November 1). Q&A with First Lady Michelle Obama: How the Let's Move! Campaign Is Changing the Way Kids Eat, Move. The Nation's Health, 5. Wenn. (2012, September 05). Emma Watson: 'I'm not made to look like a doll' retrieved March 16, 2016, from http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/beauty/emma-watson-im-not-made-to- look-like-a-doll-20120905-25doz.html