Open Access and Research Communication: The Perspective of Force11
- 1. Future of Research Communications and E-Scholarship Open Access and Research Communication: The Perspective of Force11 Maryann E. Martone, Ph. D. Executive Director Professor of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego
- 2. What is FORCE11? Future of Research Communications and EScholarship: A grass roots effort to accelerate the pace and nature of scholarly communications and e-scholarship through technology, education and community Why 11? We were born in 2011 in Dagstuhl, Germany Principles laid out in the FORCE11 Manifesto FORCE11 launched in July 2012
- 3. Who is FORCE11? Scholars Tool builders Publishers Science Social Sciences Library and Information scientists Humanities Funders Policy makers Anyone who has a stake in moving scholarly communication into the 21st century
- 4. FORCE11 Vision • Modern technologies enable vastly improve knowledge transfer and far wider impact; freed from the restrictions of paper, numerous advantages appear • We see a future in which scientific information and scholarly communication more generally become part of a global, universal and explicit network of knowledge • To enable this vision, we need to create and use new forms of scholarly publication that work with reusable scholarly artifacts • To obtain the benefits that networked knowledge promises, we have to put in place reward systems that encourage scholars and researchers to participate and contribute • To ensure that this exciting future can develop and be sustained, we have to support the rich, variegated, integrated and disparate knowledge offerings that new technologies enable Beyond the PDF Visual Notes by De Jongens van de Tekeningen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
- 5. Old Model: Single type of content; single mode of distribution Library Scholar Scholar Publisher
- 6. The future is now... Peer Reviewers Narrative Workflows Data Scholar Blogs/Wikis Nanopublications Consumer OA Multimedia Data Repositories Code Curators Code Repositories Community databases/platforms Social Social Social Networks Networks Networks Libraries
- 7. The duality of modern scholarship Observation: Those who build information systems from the machine side don’t understand the requirements of the human very well Those who build information systems from the human side, don’t understand requirements of machines very well Scholarship requires the ability to cite and track usage of scholarly artifacts. In our current mode of working, there is no way to easily track artifacts as they move through the ecosystem; no way to incrementally add human expertise.
- 8. Digital objects are a new beast Trust: Not just who produced it but what produced it Can’t just view them as digital versions of physical objects
- 9. Whole-sale text-mining is required for synthesis and discovery Search Pub Med: Spinal Muscular Atrophy
- 10. The scientific corpus is fragmented • ~25 million articles total, each covering a fragment of the biomedical space • Each publisher owns a fragment of a particular field • The current process is inefficient and slow Spinal Muscular Atrophy Wiley Elsevier Oxford MacMillian
- 11. A new platform for scholarly communications Components • Authoring tools – Optimized for mark up and linked content • Containers – Expand the objects that are considered “publications” – Optimize the container for the content • Processes – Scholarship is code • Mark up – Data, claims, content suitable for the web – Suitable identifier systems • Reward systems – Incentives to change – Reward for new objects Scholarship must move from a “single currency system”; platforms must recognize diversity of output and representation
- 12. Impetus for change: Is our current method serving science? 47/50 major preclinical published cancer studies could not be replicated “The scientific community assumes that the claims in a preclinical study can be taken at face value-that although there might be some errors in detail, the main message of the paper can be relied on and the data will, for the most part, stand the test of time. Unfortunately, this is not always the case.” Begley and Ellis, 29 MARCH 2012 | VOL 483 | NATURE | 531
- 13. FORCE11.org 500 members from diverse stakeholder groups • Community platform – – – – – – Meetings Discussions Tools and resources Blogs Event calendar Community projects • Promote interoperability – Data Citation – Resource identification initiative
- 14. Beyond the PDF • Conference/unconferen ce where all stakeholders come together as equals to discuss issues – – – – Publishers Technologists Scholars Library scientists • Incubator for change • What would you do to change scholarly communication? San Diego, Jan 2011 ...... Amsterdam, March 2013........?2015 http://www.force11.org/beyondthepdf2
- 15. Promote community, crossfertilization and interoperability • FORCE11 helps facilitate communications across disciplines and communities • Issues are not identical but we can learn from each other – Enhanced publications • Digital humanities + – Dealing with data • Science + – Open Access • Science + “What is an ORCID id?”-computer scientist
- 16. Resource for scholarly communications: People, organizations, publications, tools
- 17. Scholarly communication landscape: Looking at the big picture Workflows 4Ever Data Verse ORCID PeerJ, eLife Research Data Alliance Scalar Impact Story, Rubriq Data journals Sadie Are we really suffering from a lack of tools? • or is it usable tools? • or is it tools that are used? • or is it awareness that there are tools? • or are these even the right tools?
- 18. Born digital: working with research objects in scholarly publications • Authoring tools: make it easier for researchers to work with other researchers and research objects • Make citations to these objects machine-actionable • If we are short on time and money, then perhaps we should spend our time and money more effectively
- 19. A place to come together: Data citation principles •FORCE11 provides a neutral space for bringing groups together •35 individuals representing > 20 organizations concerned with data citation •Conducted a review of current data citation recommendations from 4 different organizations •Arrived at a sense of consensus principles Data citation synthesis group: http://www.force11.org/node/4 381
- 20. Data Citation Principles • Draft of Consensus Data Citation principles ready for comment • Designed to be high level and easy to understand 1. Importance 2. Credit and Attribution 3. Evidence 4. Unique identifiers 5. Access 6. Persistence 7. Versioning 8. Interoperability and flexibility http://www.force11.org/datacitation
- 21. Connecting ORCID and DataCite http://datacite.labs.orcid-eu.org 5 December 2013 orcid.org 21
- 22. Unique ID’s for all! Resource Identification Initiative • It is currently impossible to query the biomedical literature to find out what research resources have been used to produce the results of a study • Impossible to find all studies that used a resource • Critical for reproducibility and data mining • Critical for troubleshooting Faulty Antibodies Continue to Enter US and European Markets, Warns Top Clinical Chemistry Researcher-Genome Web Daily, October 11, 2013 http://www.force11.org/resource_identification_initiative
- 23. Resource Identification Initiative • Have authors supply appropriate identifiers for key resources used within a study such that they are: – Machine processible (i.e., unique identifier that resolves to a single resource) – Outside of the paywall – Uniform across journals and publishers Launching February 2014: Change the way authors think about writing papers
- 24. FORCE11 Vision • Modern technologies enable vastly improve knowledge transfer and far wider impact; freed from the restrictions of paper, numerous advantages appear • We see a future in which scientific information and scholarly communication more generally become part of a global, universal and explicit network of knowledge • To enable this vision, we need to create and use new forms of scholarly publication that work with reusable scholarly artifacts • To obtain the benefits that networked knowledge promises, we have to put in place reward systems that encourage scholars and researchers to participate and contribute • To ensure that this exciting future can develop and be sustained, we have to support the rich, variegated, integrated and disparate knowledge offerings that new technologies enable What is the 21st century equivalent of the library?
Editor's Notes
- #7: Current model: Scholars are producing multiple types of research objects; each goes to their own infrastructure with little coordination among them.Consumer no longer exclusively a scholar: General public wants access to what they pay for; automated agents are accessing first and mining the content.
- #10: First 6 results in Pub Med for SMA: Can’t access, 3 different publishers. Only one is freely available.