Presentation-Finals.pptx
- 1. CHAPTER 6 FINGERPRINTS RECORDING RUBEN M. NARRAZID JR. RC CCJE INSTRUCTOR Western Philippines University
- 2. At the end of this chapter, the students shall be able to: 1. Identify and tell the uses of the materials that compose a fingerprint kit; 2. Enumerate the materials used in recording fingerprints; 3. Distinguish plain and rolled impression; 4. Distinguish filling out and recording; 5. Identify and explain the procedure in recording fingerprints; 6. Explain the common errors in recording fingerprints;
- 3. 7.Explain the contents of the quality checklist of recorded fingerprints; 8. Name some practical importance and uses of fingerprints; 9. Explain the procedure of recording fingerprints of living and dead persons; and 10. Identify the problems encountered when recording fingerprints of a dead persons.
- 5. Fingerprint Kit Ink roller - is one of the inking devices required for spreading the ink on the ink slab
- 6. Ink slab - is a piece of glass which is about ¼ inch thick and six or more inches long
- 7. Card holder - is a type of gadget used for clipping the fingerprint card to avoid
- 8. Fingerprint ink – is specially manufactured ink for purposes of taking fingerprints
- 9. Magnifying glass - is used in examining developed latent prints. a 3-inch wide reading glass is required.
- 10. a. Linen tester - has an opening of one square inch, with fixed focus, and which can be folded and carried in a pocket when necessary
- 11. Bausch and Lomb magnifier – is also known as “horse shoe magnifier”.This is a magnifying glass with a built-in stand and an adjustable lens to suit the visual sight of the examiner.
- 12. • Hand lens – is used in examining developed print handled by hand.
- 13. Fingerprint powder -is specially manufactured and specifically used for developing latent prints applied on contrasting background.
- 14. Fingerprint brush - is used in spreading the powder in a rotating motion. Fiberglass brushes are preferably used by fingerprint technicians
- 15. Fingerprint lifting tape - is used in lifting a developed latent print. There are three kinds:
- 17. Latent fingerprint transfer card- is used in preserving developed, lifted latent prints.
- 18. Fingerprint card- is a card used for recording inked fingerprints for comparison.
- 20. • Flashlight - is a very useful device for searching and for focusing on developed latent prints.
- 21. Ruler or tape measure- is used to measure relative distances of objects in the crime scene as well as distances and size of prints.
- 22. Pair of forceps - is used in picking up objects found in the crime scene.
- 23. Graph paper- is used for sketching purposes to indicate proper locations and measurements of objects in the crime scene.
- 24. • Evidence identification tape or tag- is used to properly tag and identify objects or physical evidence gathered from the crime scene.
- 25. Scissors- are used in cutting fingerprint tapes and for other purposes.
- 26. • Rubber gloves- are used primarily to avoid the technician to leave his own fingerprints in the object being collected or examined.
- 27. Post-mortem fingerprinting equipment - contains hypodermic syringe, spoon, tissue builder solvent, tissue cleaner, etc.
- 28. • Carrying case- is a box-like structure or an attache type that contains the fingerprint materials.
- 29. Inkless inking device- is a porelon pad, sensitized fingerprint card used to record fingerprints even without staining the fingers.
- 30. FINGERPRINT IMPRESSIONS • PLAIN impressions- is one made by pressing an inked finger directly down upon a fingerprint card without any rolling motion done.
- 31. • ROLLED impressions - is one made by rolling an inked finger from one side of the finger nail to the other. It will record the entire ridge pattern of the nail joint of the finger.
- 32. “FILLING OUT” FINGERPRINT CARD in fingerprint terminology, “filling out” means the entering on a fingerprint record card of all known essential data about the subject, except the fingerprints themselves. Some of the essential data include complete name of suspect/person fingerprinted (first, middle and surname), nickname, sex, age, citizenship, complexion, race, height, weight, color of hair, color of eyes, body built, address, occupation, place of birth, date of birth, scars/marks or amputations, date the fingerprints were taken.
- 34. At the back of the fingerprint card are found the civil status, business or provincial address, educational attainment, language or dialets spoken, person to be notified in case of emergency, and purpose of fingerprinting. The information to be written should be printed and signed by the person fingerprinted. The operator’s name and signature is also required in the fingerprint card (Montojo, 2006 LESSONS 4.1-11) In some agency the subject’s surname is entered first, followed by his given name and then by his middle name, separated by the separated by the smaller letter “y”. The “surname” always means the last or family name of the subject. The “given” name is that given the subject at birth. in some agencies the name is written out just like how a signature is written, that is, given or first name, middle name or initial, and the surname.
- 35. It should be noted that any information deliberately written in the fingerprint card which are not true may be punishable under Article 171 and 172 (Falsification) of Revised Penal Code of the Philippines. Recording is the method of placing the prints in their proper spaces on the fingerprint card. When recording fingerprints, the first and second five boxes should be properly rolled over fingerprint card. Then, the thumbs shall be plainly recorded simultaneously.
- 36. The word “classification” printed in the upper right hand corner of the card is very important part of the fingerprint card. On this line is entered the classification for the set of prints on the card. It is by this classification that the fingerprint card is filed. The classification also enables that technician to make a search in the file to determine whether or not a certain subject already has a set of prints on file. Beneath the word “classification” is the word “reference”.
- 37. Types of Fingerprint Card • There are two types of fingerprint card: the criminal and civilian fingerprint card. The criminal fingerprint card is used to record fingerprints of suspects and criminal and other identities of the person being fingerprinted. • The second type is the second type is the civilian fingerprint card which is also used in recording fingerprints of a civilian for various purposes such as requirement for employment, clearance, etc.. in this card, there is a place to list the names and addresses of several relatives who could be notified in case of emergency. There is also a space for the purpose of fingerprinting.
- 38. At the back of the fingerprint card are found the civil status, business or provincial address, educational attainment, language or dialects spoken, person to be notified in case of emergency, and purpose of fingerprinting. The information to be written should be PRINTED and SIGNED by the person fingerprinted. The operator’s name and signature is also require in the fingerprint card.
- 39. Procedures of Recording Fingerprint • The fingerprints technician’s value depends, to a great extent on how well he can record legible fingerprints. It is not a difficult process, but it does require practice and care. Follow the procedure bellow: • 1. Let the subject fill-up all needed data as provided in the fingerprint card. • 2. Make sure that all needed material are ready. • 3. Clean the materials to be used specially the ink slab. • 4. Ink and spread ink in the glass slab at both ends. Use the fingerprint roller in spreading the ink by running back and forth in a constant direction.do not put too much ink.
- 40. 5. Allow the ink on the plate to spin in the air. This is done in order to give the ink a chance to take hold at new places on the slab. After a bit of practice, you will find it easy to get just the proper amount of ink on the plate. 6. Test the amount of ink on the slab. Try a print of one of your own fingers from the freshly inked slab. Match this fresh print with the older one for clarity and destiny. Another way to test is to hold the plate up to the light. Looking through the thin and uniformly spread film of ink you should see a light brown coating on the slab, not black, as you might suspect.
- 41. 7. Print the fingerprints of the suspect. Before starting o fingerprint a subject, make sure that his hands are clean and dry. a. If they are dirty, have him wash them well with soap and water b. If his hands perspiring freely, wipe them off with a soft, clean cloth dampened with alcohol. c. If the suspect’s hands are dry and hard, pour a little hand lotion into his palms of the hands and have them massage it into his fingertips. Be careful not to use so much that his finger become greasy. d. Have him massage the lotion into his fingers until the ridges become tacky. e. Tell the subject not to help you. This holds true even if he tells you that he has been fingerprinted before.
- 42. 8. Place the inked glass slab near edge of the table at extreme left. 9. Place the fingerprint card in the card holder which is to the right of the inking plate. The first row of five squares is properly aligned to the aperture of the card holder lid. 10. Ink and print the ten fingers following the sequence presented in the table. 1 Right Thumb 2 Right Index Finger 3 Right Middle Finger 4 Right Ring Finger 5 Right Little Finger 6 Left Thumb 7 Left Index Finger 8 Left Middle Finger 9 Left Ring Finger 10 Left Little Finger
- 43. Inking and Printing Fingers • At the front of the card • a. The thumbs should be rolled towards the subject’s body (inward). • b. The four other fingers (refer to the right and left index, middle, ring and little fingers) shall be rolled away from the subject’s body (outward). • c. The rolling of fingers should be done 180 degrees or from tip to tip and side by side of the fingers in order to record the complete design or pattern of the fingerprint. There is a need to record the fingerprints in rolling motion due to the fact that important ridge details might be located in the sides or tip of the fingers. Ridge details are not always located in the center of the pattern.
- 44. Little Finger 5 Right Ring Finger 4 Right Middle Finger 3 Right Index Finger 2 Right 1 Right Thumb Thumb Index Finger Middle Finger Ring Finger Little Finger 1 Left 2 Left 3 Left 4 Left 5 Left
- 45. At the back of the card • 1. Print the two thumbs in the box provided below the fingerprint card (no rolling motion) • 2. Print the four other fingers (the right and left index, middle, ring and little fingers) simultaneously in the space provided below the fingerprint card. • 3. Say “thank you” to the subject for his/her participation.
- 46. Checklist for Recording Fingerprints To verify if the fingerprint impressions meet the requirements, please use the following checklist: 1. Is there a fingerprint impression in each finger block (e.g., AMP, finger missing at birth, unable to print, etc.)? 2. Are the fingerprints rolled fully, from nail edge to nail edge? 3. If the fingerprint impression is a loop, are the delta and core present? If the fingerprint impression is the whorl, are all deltas present? 4. Are the fingerprint impression clear and distinct? 5. Are the fingerprint impressions uniform in tone and not too dark nor light?
- 47. 6. Are the four finger impressions and a thumb impression in the plain impression block for each hand? 7. Are the rolled fingerprint impression in the correct finger blocks when compared to the plain impressions? Please note: if using live scan equipment to capture fingerprint impression, it is important to clean the equipment regularly and calibrate routinely per the manufacturer’s guidelines to ensure the quality and integrity of the fingerprint images.
- 48. EXAMPLE
- 49. Identification of a dead body is an important task in a medico-legal investigation. A fingerprint is the most widely used identification method. The method of recording the fingerprint from a dead body has to be decided. This is decided by the state in which the dead body is found. In postmortem fingerprinting, there are three different stages of a dead body: Stage 1 - Recent death stage: If a body is found within 4 to 7 hours of death, then the external organs, including fingers, are quite flexible. In that case, we can secure fingerprints of the dead body by following methods:
- 50. • Fingerprint Pad Method: This method is helpful only if the fingers are sufficiently flexible after death. In this method, the fingers are rolled in the inked pad. For this purpose, it is more convenient to use one digit fingerprint pad. The inked finger is then rolled over an appropriate box of the fingerprint card. If the finger of a dead body is moderately flexible, then we used the ink method for impression. In this method, a drop of fingerprint ink is taken over a spatula and spread it using an ink roller. The spatula is then used to apply ink to the fingertip. A fingerprint card is placed in a fingerprint spoon, the spoon is rolled over the inked finger. • Fingerprint Ink Method:
- 51. • Fingerprint Powder and Tape Method: In that case when the fingers of a dead body are rigid then we used this method. In this method, we apply fingerprint powder on the fingertip with the help of a camel hairbrush. Lifting tape is then pressed firmly over the finger and removed and pasted it on the fingerprint card.
- 52. Stage 2- Rigor Mortis: If the body is in the rigor mortis state for a long time, the skin of fingers becomes shrunken and wrinkled. In such cases, suitable fluid (hot water, melted paraffin, and oils) must be injected beneath the skin to remove wrinkles and to restore the fingers to their original shape. The needle is inserted about 4-5 mm below the fingertips. If the dead body has been exposed to a hot climate for a long time, the fingers become very hard and dry. In that case, we amputate the digits with the help of a bone spine. The amputated fingers are soaked in an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. Each finger is immersed in a separate vessel, when finger restored their original length, removed it from solution, washed amputated fingers with distilled water, and then soaked in 1% formaldehyde solution. Further the fingerprint techniques can be used for recording the prints.
- 53. Stage 3- Decomposition The case where the dead body has started to decay are the most difficult to handle. In such a case, the pattern-bearing skin of fingertips is peeled off and placed in a solution of formaldehyde. The person who takes the fingerprints wears gloves and places skin pieces on his own fingers. Thereafter the rolled fingerprinting is recorded on fingerprinting cards. In some cases, the tissue may be decomposed so badly, that we injected opaque material (barium sulfate or lead carbonate) into the inner surface of fingers and then identify by X-ray photographs.
- 57. Identify the problems encountered when recording fingerprints of a dead persons - The problems encountered with deceased is rigor mortis and straightening the fingers to print then you have the post mortem condition of the body with problems associated with wet decompositon and skin slippage and cases of mummification with the digits being dry hard and wrinkled.
- 58. Portable Fingerprint Kit The kit, designed by Galton himself and made by T. Hawksley of Oxford Street, contains ink, a blotter, a roller, a glass slide, turpentine and record books. The records show that in the course of his experiments (not for criminal investigations!), Galton took the fingerprints of Gladstone, Herbert Spencer and others. Fingerprinting was introduced into the police force at the very end of the period, in 1901. The first conviction based on the new system was made in the following year.
- 59. THANK YOU