Disability in the Digital Age
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The document discusses the disparities in internet access and usage between adults living with disabilities and those without, showing that individuals with disabilities use the internet significantly less (54% vs. 81%). It highlights various challenges faced by disabled individuals, including difficulties with daily activities and lower levels of employment and education. Additionally, it provides detailed demographic information and health status of disabled adults compared to those without disabilities, underscoring the ongoing digital divide in the context of healthcare access and information.
Disability in the Digital Age
- 1. Disability in the Digital Age A Chart Pack By Susannah Fox and Jan Lauren Boyles
- 2. Disability in the Digital Age More than 20 years after the initial passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act, internet access remains unequally distributed. Adults living with disabilities do not engage in networked society at the same rate as their peers who do not report disability, data from the Pew Internet & American Life Project shows. According to a September 2010 survey by Pew Internet, nearly three in 10 American adults (27%) live with a disability that inhibits their daily functioning. The U.S. Census Bureau, which uses a more restrictive definition of disability, estimates in mid-2012 that nearly one in five Americans (19%) live with a disability. Individuals who identified a disability use the internet at lower rates than those who did not report disabilities, Pew Internet data also demonstrates (54% vs. 81%). Again, this data parallels findings from the Census Bureau, which documented far lower levels of internet use among those with disabilities compared to those living without disability (48% vs. 74%). These lower levels of internet activity among those with disabilities stand in stark relief to the rest of the population, especially as the peer-to-peer healthcare movement accelerates online. By delving deeper into the demographic data, we now present a more detailed look at adults living with disabilities and their interplay with the internet. References: 1) http://www.ada.gov/q%26aeng02.htm 2) http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2011/Disability.aspx 2) http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disability/sipp/disable10.html 3) Table 4: http://www.census.gov/hhes/computer/publications/2010.html
- 3. Challenges faced by adults living with disability Of those who identified as having a disability, the % who encounter the following behaviors Living with disability Do you have difficulty or serious difficulty … Walking or climbing stairs? 56% Concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional 40 condition? Hearing? 34 Doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping (because of a physical, mental, or 29 emotional condition)? Seeing even when wearing glasses, or are you blind? 25 Dressing or bathing? 12 Source: Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project, August 9-September 13, 2010 Survey. N=3001 adults for the full sample. N=906 adults who live with a disability. N=2095 who do not live with a disability. Margin of error is +/- 3.2 percentage points when comparing the two groups.
- 4. The Demographics of Adults Living with Disability 30% of U.S. adults are living with disability; 70% of U.S. adults do not have a disability. This chart shows the proportion of adults who fall into each demographic group. In other words, the middle column shows that 48% of those living with a disability are male and 52% are female Living with No disabilities disability Gender Male 48% 48% Female 52 52 Race White, non-Hispanic 68 67 Black, non-Hispanic 13 11 Hispanic 13 14 Age 18-29 13 26* 30-49 28 37* 50-64 29* 24 65+ 29* 11 Education Grades 1-8 8* 3 High school, incomplete 14* 7 High school graduate 39* 30 Technical/trade/vocational school 2 2 after high school Some college 21 25 College graduate 8 20* Post-graduate 6 13* Household income < $10,000 18* 7 $10,000 - $19,999 16* 9 $20,000 - $29,999 12 10 $30,000 - $39,999 10 10 $40,000 - $49,999 8 8 $50,000 - $74,999 10 14* $75,000 - $99,999 4 10* $100,000 - $150,000 > 3 8* Parent of a minor child Yes 30 34 No 70* 65 Student Yes 15 16 No 85 84 * Denotes statistically significant difference Source: Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project, August 9- September 13, 2010 Survey. N=3001 adults for the full sample. N=906 adults who live with a disability. N=2095 adults who do not live with a disability. Margin of error is +/- 3.2 percentage points when comparing the two groups.
- 5. Marital Status Living with disability No disabilities Married 40% 51%* Living with a partner 7 7 Divorced 16* 9 Separated 3 2 Widowed 14* 4 Never been married 17 25* Single (volunteered) 3 2 * Denotes statistically significant difference Source: Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project, August 9-September 13, 2010 Survey. N=3001 adults for the full sample. N=906 adults who live with a disability. N=2095 who do not live with a disability. Margin of error is +/- 3.2 percentage points when comparing the two groups.
- 6. Employment Status Living with disability No disabilities Full time 23% 51%* Part time 7 14* Retired 30* 13 Not employed for pay 23* 18 Self employed/own business 1 2 Student 1 1 * Denotes statistically significant difference Source: Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project, August 9-September 13, 2010 Survey. N=3001 adults for the full sample. N=906 adults who live with a disability. N=2095 who do not live with a disability. Margin of error is +/- 3.2 percentage points when comparing the two groups.
- 7. Personal Health Status Living with No disability disabilities Are you now living with any of the following health problems or conditions? High blood pressure 42%* 18 Asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, or other lung conditions 24* 7 Diabetes or sugar diabetes 20* 7 Heart disease, heart failure or heart attack 15* 3 Cancer 5* 1 Any other chronic health problem or condition not already mentioned 35* 10 In the last 12 months, have you … Personally faced a serious medical emergency or crisis? 27* 6 Experienced any other significant change in your physical health, such as gaining or losing a lot of weight, becoming 31* 11 pregnant, or quitting smoking? * Denotes statistically significant difference Source: Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project, August 9-September 13, 2010 Survey. N=3001 adults for the full sample. N=906 adults who live with a disability. N=2095 who do not live with a disability. Margin of error is +/- 3.2 percentage points when comparing the two groups.
- 8. Technology Profile Living with No disability disabilities Have a cell phone or other device that is also a cell phone 74% 89%* Use the internet or email 54 81* (Have dial-up connection at home) (8) (7) (Have high-speed connection at home) (78) (88*) Have desktop computer 47 64* Have laptop computer or netbook 34 59* * Denotes statistically significant difference Source: Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project, August 9-September 13, 2010 Survey. N=3001 adults for the full sample. N=906 adults who live with a disability. N=2095 who do not live with a disability. Margin of error is +/- 3.2 percentage points when comparing the two groups.
- 9. Health Topics The % of adults living with disability vs. other internet users who have looked online for information about each of the following topics Living with Have you ever looked online for information about … No disabilities disability A specific disease or medical problem 64% 66% A certain medical treatment or procedure 55 56 Doctors or other health professionals 38 45* Hospitals or other medical facilities 31 37 Health insurance, including private insurance, Medicare or Medicaid 30 34 Food safety or recalls 26 30 Drug safety or recalls 25 23 Environmental health hazards 21 23 Medical test results 15 17 Memory loss, dementia, or Alzheimer’s 19 16 Pregnancy and childbirth 11 20* Long-term care for an elderly or disabled person 15 11 How to manage chronic pain 18 13 End-of-life decisions 6 7 Any other health issue 29 28 Yes to any of the above topics 78 80 * Denotes statistically significant difference Source: Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project, August 9-September 13, 2010 Survey. N=3001 adults for the full sample. N=906 adults who live with a disability. N=2095 who do not live with a disability. Margin of error is +/- 3.2 percentage points when comparing the two groups.
- 10. The Social Life of Health Information Living with No Have you ever… disability disabilities Read someone else's commentary or experience about health or medical issues on an online news 34% 34% group, website or blog Watched an online video about health or medical issues 26 25 Gone online to find others who might have health concerns similar to yours 20 18 Tracked your weight, diet or exercise routine online 13 16 Tracked any other health indicators or symptoms online 20 16 Signed up to receive email updates or alerts about health or medical issues 18 13 Have used the internet to do any of these 58 55 * Denotes statistically significant difference Source: Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project, August 9-September 13, 2010 Survey. N=3001 adults for the full sample. N=906 adults who live with a disability. N=2095 who do not live with a disability. Margin of error is +/- 3.2 percentage points when comparing the two groups.
- 11. Health Care Reviews Online Living with No Have you ever… disability disabilities Consulted online reviews of particular drugs or medical treatments 27% 24% Consulted online rankings or reviews of doctors or other providers 13 16 Consulted online rankings or reviews of hospitals or other medical facilities 13 15 Posted your experiences with a particular drug or medical treatment online 9* 2 Posted a review online of a doctor 8* 4 Posted a review online of a hospital 5 3 Have used the internet to do any of these 38 34 * Denotes statistically significant difference Source: Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project, August 9-September 13, 2010 Survey. N=3001 adults for the full sample. N=906 adults who live with a disability. N=2095 who do not live with a disability. Margin of error is +/- 3.2 percentage points when comparing the two groups.
- 12. Sources of Health Information for Adults Living with Disability Professional sources Who is more helpful when you Fellow patients, like doctors and need… friends, and family nurses Times when professionals matter most An accurate medical diagnosis 88% 6% Information about prescription drugs 83 10 Information about alternative treatments 66 20 A recommendation for a doctor or specialist 66 24 A quick remedy for an everyday health issue 48 43 Practical advice for coping with day- to-day health situations 45 44 A recommendation for a hospital or other medical facility 67 22 Times when non-professionals matter most Emotional support in dealing with a health issue 37 53 Source: Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project, August 9-September 13, 2010 Survey. N=3001 adults for the full sample. N=906 adults who live with a disability. N=2095 who do not live with a disability. Margin of error is +/- 3.2 percentage points when comparing the two groups.
- 13. Methodology The results in this chart pack are based on data from telephone interviews conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates International between August 9 and September 13, 2010, among a sample of 3,001 adults, age 18 and older. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. A combination of landline and cellular random digit dial samples was used to represent all adults in the continental United States who have access to either a landline or cellular telephone. For results based on the total sample, one can say with 95% confidence that the error attributable to sampling is plus or minus 2.5 percentage points. For results based internet users (n=2,065), the margin of sampling error is plus or minus 2.9 percentage points. In addition to sampling error, question wording and practical difficulties in conducting telephone surveys may introduce some error or bias into the findings of opinion polls.