Strings in programming tutorial.
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The document provides an introduction to strings in programming, explaining that strings are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. It outlines operations that can be performed on strings, such as reading, writing, copying, and comparing, and presents examples of declaring and initializing string variables. Additionally, it discusses using string handling functions and presents code snippets for string manipulation.
![ A string variable is declared as an array of characters.
Syntax:
char string_name[size];
E.g. char name[20];
When the compiler assigns a character string to a character array, it
automatically supplies a null character (‘0’) at the end of the string](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/strings-150319180934-conversion-gate01-170131192305/85/Strings-in-programming-tutorial-4-320.jpg)
![Initializing String Variables
Strings are initialized in either of the following two forms:
char name[4]={‘R’,‘A’,‘M’, ‘0’};
char name[]={‘R’,‘A’,‘M’, ‘0’};
char name[4]=“RAM”;
char name[]=“RAM”;
When we initialize a character array by listing its elements, the null terminator
or the size of the array must be provided explicitly.
R A M 0
name[0] name[1] name[2] name[3]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/strings-150319180934-conversion-gate01-170131192305/85/Strings-in-programming-tutorial-5-320.jpg)
![Counting length of the string
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
char input_string[50];
int i=0, length=0;
clrscr();
printf("nEnter your text:t");
gets(input_string);
while(input_string[i]!='0')
{
length++;
i++;
}
printf("nThe length of your text is: %d character(s)", length);
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/strings-150319180934-conversion-gate01-170131192305/85/Strings-in-programming-tutorial-11-320.jpg)
![void main()
{
char string[25];
clrscr();
printf("nInput string to be reversed:");
gets(string);
strrev(string);
printf("nThe reversed string is: %s", string);
getch();
}
13
Using Revers Function “Strrev()”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/strings-150319180934-conversion-gate01-170131192305/85/Strings-in-programming-tutorial-13-320.jpg)
![Arrays of Strings
String is array of characters.
Thus an array of string is 2-D array of characters.
E.g.
char names[5][10];
Here, names[5][10] means 5 names having 10 characters
each.
1
4](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/strings-150319180934-conversion-gate01-170131192305/85/Strings-in-programming-tutorial-14-320.jpg)
![void main()
{
char names[5][10];
int i;
clrscr();
printf("nEnter name of 5 persons:");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
scanf("%s", names[i]);
printf("nThe names are:");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
printf("n%s", names[i]);
getch();
}
1
5](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/strings-150319180934-conversion-gate01-170131192305/85/Strings-in-programming-tutorial-15-320.jpg)
Strings in programming tutorial.
- 1. Today Our Topic is ‘’STRING”
- 2. Introduction Strings are array of characters i.e. they are characters arranged one after another in memory. Thus, a character array is called string. Each character within the string is stored within one element of the array successively. A string is always terminated by a null character (i.e. slash zero 0).
- 3. Arrays and Strings… Operations performed on character strings include: Reading and writing strings Copying one string to another Combining strings together Comparing strings for equality Extracting a portion of a string
- 4. A string variable is declared as an array of characters. Syntax: char string_name[size]; E.g. char name[20]; When the compiler assigns a character string to a character array, it automatically supplies a null character (‘0’) at the end of the string
- 5. Initializing String Variables Strings are initialized in either of the following two forms: char name[4]={‘R’,‘A’,‘M’, ‘0’}; char name[]={‘R’,‘A’,‘M’, ‘0’}; char name[4]=“RAM”; char name[]=“RAM”; When we initialize a character array by listing its elements, the null terminator or the size of the array must be provided explicitly. R A M 0 name[0] name[1] name[2] name[3]
- 6. Reading and displaying Strings It can be done manually.
- 7. Using printf() and scanf()
- 8. Using gets() and puts()
- 9. Passing String to function
- 10. String handling functions Strings need to be manipulated by programmer. It can be done manually but is time consuming.
- 11. Counting length of the string #include <stdio.h> void main() { char input_string[50]; int i=0, length=0; clrscr(); printf("nEnter your text:t"); gets(input_string); while(input_string[i]!='0') { length++; i++; } printf("nThe length of your text is: %d character(s)", length); }
- 12. There are various string handling functions define in string.h some of them are:
- 13. void main() { char string[25]; clrscr(); printf("nInput string to be reversed:"); gets(string); strrev(string); printf("nThe reversed string is: %s", string); getch(); } 13 Using Revers Function “Strrev()”
- 14. Arrays of Strings String is array of characters. Thus an array of string is 2-D array of characters. E.g. char names[5][10]; Here, names[5][10] means 5 names having 10 characters each. 1 4
- 15. void main() { char names[5][10]; int i; clrscr(); printf("nEnter name of 5 persons:"); for(i=0;i<5;i++) scanf("%s", names[i]); printf("nThe names are:"); for(i=0;i<5;i++) printf("n%s", names[i]); getch(); } 1 5