disaster preparedness and response.ppt
- 1. • Course : HSS F363: Disaster and Development • Instructor: Mohan Kumar Bera Lecture 21 Date: 14th November, 2022
- 4. Preparedness • Preparedness is a strategy to minimize hazards’ adverse effects through effective precautionary measures that ensure a timely, appropriate, and efficient organization and delivery of response and relief action. • The goals of disaster preparedness are knowing what to do in a disaster’s aftermath, knowing how to do it, and being equipped with the right tools to do it effectively 09-12-2022 4 @ Mohan Kumar Bera
- 5. • Government preparedness – Government preparedness actions may be grouped into following general categories: planning; exercise; training; equipment; and statutory authority. 1. Planning: • Indicates detail about the responsibilities and strategies in disaster management – Direction and control – Notification and warning – Evacuation – Communications – Public works – Public information – Search and rescue 09-12-2022 5 @ Mohan Kumar Bera Preparedness
- 6. – Emergency medical services and mass care – Mortuary services – Security and perimeter control – Inclusion of military resources – Transportation – Traffic control – Relief – Short- and long-term recovery – Financial management – International coordination – Volunteer management – Donations management – Vulnerable populations 09-12-2022 6 @ Mohan Kumar Bera Preparedness
- 7. 2. Exercise • Preparedness exercises allow those involved in emergency and disaster response to practice their roles and responsibilities before an actual event occurs. • Exercises not only prepare the individuals to carry out their duties but also help to find problems in the plan in non- emergency situations. – Component of a comprehensive exercise program • Drill: It is a controlled, supervised method by which a single disaster management operation or function is practiced or tested. – Drills are most effective when they mimic real-life situations 09-12-2022 7 @ Mohan Kumar Bera Preparedness
- 8. – Tabletop exercise: It is designed to allow disaster management officials to practice the full activation of the emergency response plan within the confines of a controlled, low-stress discussion scenario. – Functional exercise: It is the tests and practices of disaster managers’ capabilities by simulating an event to which they must respond. – Full-scale exercise: The full-scale exercise is a scenario-based event that seeks to create an atmosphere closely mimicking an actual disaster. 09-12-2022 8 @ Mohan Kumar Bera Preparedness
- 9. 3. Training • Disaster response officials are more effective if they are trained to do their jobs • Training concentrates on following activities – Evacuation – Mass care – Mass fatalities management – Debris management – Flood-fighting operations – Warning coordination – Spontaneous volunteer management – Hazardous materials – Cyclonic storm response 09-12-2022 9 @ Mohan Kumar Bera Preparedness
- 10. – Urban and wilderness search and rescue – Radiological response – Crowd control – Response to terrorist attacks – Wildfire and wild land fire response 4. Equipment • The development of tools and other equipment to assist in disaster management • Fire suppression equipment • Rescue equipment • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Disaster medical care • Public warning and alert systems 09-12-2022 10 @ Mohan Kumar Bera Preparedness
- 11. • Public preparedness – Public preparedness can be considered actions taken to empower ordinary citizens to help themselves, their families, their neighbours, or complete strangers. – A prepared public must be emphasised on the skills that allow them to perform specialized actions such as search and rescue, first aid, or fire suppression. – Public preparedness includes public education • It is also called risk communication, preparedness education, social marketing, and disaster education—is the backbone of any effective public preparedness effort 09-12-2022 11 @ Mohan Kumar Bera Preparedness
- 12. – The main goals of public education are • Awareness of the hazard risk • Behavior – Predisaster risk reduction behavior – Predisaster preparedness behavior – Postdisaster response behavior – Postdisaster recovery behavior • Warning – Awareness • The media as a public educator • Literacy and public education • Language of public education • Cultural understanding • Poverty or the effects of poverty • Class structure 09-12-2022 12 @ Mohan Kumar Bera Preparedness
- 13. • 10 Steps to Disaster Preparedness – Be ready at home – Be ready at work – Know your community’s – Learn about agencies and roles – Find mitigation funding – Conduct a risk assessment – Inform your plan with statistics – Plan for all types of risks – Understand continuity of operations (COOP) – Research NGOs Source: http://cdmsmith.com/en-US/Insights/10-Steps-to-Disaster-Preparedness.aspx 09-12-2022 13 @ Mohan Kumar Bera Preparedness
- 14. Disaster Response 09-12-2022 14 @ Mohan Kumar Bera
- 15. Disaster management cycle Source: NDMA
- 16. Response • The response function of emergency management includes actions aimed at limiting injuries, loss of life, and damage to property and the environment that are taken prior to, during, and immediately after a hazard event. • Response is the most complex of the four functions of emergency management, since it is conducted during periods of very high stress, in a highly time-constrained environment, and with limited information. • During response, wavering confidence and unnecessary delay directly translate to tragedy and destruction. 09-12-2022 16 @ Mohan Kumar Bera
- 17. Response • The task of limiting injuries, loss of life, and further damage to property and the environment is diverse. • Response includes directly address the immediate needs of first aid, search and rescue, and shelter • Rescue includes systems that to coordinate and support such efforts. – Response involves the rapid resumption of critical infrastructure (such as opening transportation routes, restoring communications and electricity, and ensuring food and clean water distribution) to allow recovery to take place, reduce further injury and loss of life, and speed the return to a normally functioning Society. 09-12-2022 17 @ Mohan Kumar Bera
- 18. Response • Three types of response actions have been taken during the pre-disaster period – Warning and evacuation • If a warning system has been established, the public may have time to make last-minute preparations or evacuate away from the area, move into personal or established community shelters, or take other protective actions in advance of the hazard’s arrival. – Pre-positioning of resources and supplies • Depending upon a country’s size, responders, equipment, and supplies are dispersed across the area prior to disaster recognition. • Advance warning of the disaster allows officials to transport those supplies into the affected site before hazard conditions • To further simplify pre-positioning, many countries have created easily transportable disaster equipment kits for items such as pharmaceutical and medical supplies, food, clothing, and shelter. 09-12-2022 18 @ Mohan Kumar Bera
- 19. Response 09-12-2022 19 @ Mohan Kumar Bera
- 20. Response • Last-minute mitigation and preparedness measures. – Actions taken in last hours limit the hazard’s consequences. – For instance, before a flood, sandbags may be used to increase the height of levees or to create barriers around buildings and other structures. – Windows and doors may be boarded up or shuttered before a windstorm. – Vaccines and other prophylaxis may be used to minimize infection rates with epidemics. – The public may be reminded of stockpiling and other preparedness actions they still have time for (such as purchasing extra water, food, batteries, and candles). 09-12-2022 20 @ Mohan Kumar Bera
- 21. Response • Response during post-disaster – Once disaster response begins, the first priority is saving lives. – Response prioritises in Assessing the disaster; Treating remaining hazard effects; Providing water and food; providing shelter; Fatality management; Sanitation; Security; Social services; Resumption of critical infrastructure; and Donations management • Response activity includes search and rescue, first aid, and evacuation, may continue for days or weeks, depending upon the disaster’s type and severity – Search Rescue – First aid medical treatment – Evacuation – Coordination 09-12-2022 21 @ Mohan Kumar Bera
- 22. Response – Disaster assessments • Situation assessment or damage assessment determines impacts of the hazard. – Situation assessments can help determine the geographic scope of the disaster, and how it has affected people and structures • Needs assessment involves gathering data on the services, resources, and other assistance that will be required to address the disaster – Provision of water, food, and shelter – Sanitation – Safety and security – Critical infrastructure resumption • Transportation systems (land, sea, and air) • Communications • Electricity • Gas and oil storage and transportation • Water supply systems • Emergency services • Public health ● Continuity of government 09-12-2022 22 @ Mohan Kumar Bera
- 23. Response –Resumption of noncritical infrastructure • Education • Prisons • Industrial capacity • Information systems • Mail system • Public transportation • Banking and finance –Emergency social services • Providing service to deal with stress and trauma –Donations management –Coordination 09-12-2022 23 @ Mohan Kumar Bera
- 24. Response • The disaster declaration process – The disaster declaration is a way for governments to acknowledge that response resources have become overwhelmed and to announce that additional assistance is required and, likewise, requested. – The legal mechanisms established to guide how disaster declaration takes place depend upon the nation’s form of government and the rules outlined in any established emergency operations planning. 09-12-2022 24 @ Mohan Kumar Bera
- 25. Ongoing assessment approach for rapid-onset disasters Pre-disaster Post-disaster When possible First 10 hours 12-36 hours (& then, as needed) 7-15 days 30-60 Days 3 months Assessment type Forecasting & early warning Disaster (early) notification More detailed disaster needs assessment Ongoing monitoring of situation and needs Information needs Collect and disseminate early warning information (especially for flash floods, tsunamis, storms, volcanoes, forest fires, etc.) Alert headquarters • Disaster type, date • # casualties reported • # properties damaged and type of damage • Immediate emergency priority needs (e.g. search & rescue, first aid) Assessment team • Disaster magnitude • Geographic area affected • Detailed assessment of needs and resources and other responders • Define intervention for ensuing weeks and months (if necessary) Continued monitoring and assessment • Ongoing situation, responseand needs • Changes in status and needs • Need for longer-term assistance and rehabilitation (after 3 months) • Plan of action for assistance to continue past 3 months Disaster needs assessment reporting